Umjikelezo wamanzi inqubo ebaluleke kunazo zonke eyenzeka emhlabeni wethu, onikeza impilo yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kusukela ezilwaneni ezincane nasezitshalweni kuya kubantu. Amanzi ayadingeka ukuze kube khona zonke izinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni eziningi zamakhemikhali, zomzimba nezokuphilayo. Amanzi amboza ama-70.8% womhlaba, futhi akha i-hydrosphere - ingxenye ye-biosphere. Imvilophu yamanzi yakhiwe yizilwandle nezilwandle, imifula namachibi, amaxhaphozi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amadamu okufakelwa, kanye ne-permafrost kanye nezinguzunga zeqhwa, amagesi nemiphunga, okungukuthi, yonke imizimba yamanzi kuzo zontathu izifunda (igesi, uketshezi noma okuqinile) ingeye-hydrosphere. ).
Inani lomjikelezo
Ukubaluleka komjikelezo wamanzi emvelweni kukhulu kakhulu, ngoba ngenxa yale nqubo, kunokuxhumana nokusebenza okugcwele komkhathi, i-hydrosphere, i-biosphere ne-lithosphere. Amanzi angumthombo wokuphila, enikeza zonke izinto eziphilayo ithuba lokuba khona. Ithwala izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umhlaba futhi inikezela ngomsebenzi ogcwele wokuphila wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
Ngenkathi efudumele nangaphansi kwethonya lemisebe yelanga, amanzi aqala ukuphenduka abe umusi, aguquke abe isimo sesibili (igesi). Uketshezi olungena emoyeni ngesimo se-steam luhlanzekile, ngakho-ke amanzi oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba abizwa ngokuthi "imboni yamanzi ahlanzekile". Sikhuphukela phezulu, umusi uhlangana nemisinga yomoya obandayo, lapho uguqula khona ube amafu. Kaningi, uketshezi oseluhwamukile lubuyela olwandle njengemvula.
Ososayensi baveze umqondo wokuthi "Umjikelezo wamanzi Omkhulu emvelweni", abanye bayibiza le nqubo ngokuthi yiWorld. Okusemqoka yilokhu: uketshezi luqoqwa ngaphezulu kwamanzi olwandle ngesimo semvula, ngemuva kwalokho amanye alo ahambela amazwekazi. Lapho, imvula iwela phansi futhi, ngosizo lwamanzi angcolile, ibuyela e-World Ocean. Kungokwalesi sikimu ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamanzi kusuka kasawoti kuya emanzini ahlanzekile futhi okuphambene nalokho kwenzeka. Uhlobo "lokulethwa" kwamanzi lungenziwa lapho kunezinqubo ezinjengokuhwamuka, ukufingqa, imvula, ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ake sibhekisise isigaba ngasinye somjikelezo wamanzi emvelweni:
- Ukuhwamuka - le nqubo iqukethe ukuguqula amanzi asuke ketshezi abe yisimo esimagesi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uketshezi lufudunyezwa, ngemuva kwalokho lukhuphukela emoyeni ngesimo somphunga (uhwamuke). Le nqubo yenzeka nsuku zonke: ezindaweni zemifula nezolwandle, izilwandle namachibi, ngenxa yomjuluko womuntu noma wesilwane. Amanzi ayahwamuka njalo, kepha ungakubona lokhu kuphela uma kufudumele.
- Ukujiyanisa yinqubo eyingqayizivele ebangela ukuthi umusi ubuye ube uketshezi. Lapho ihlangana nemifudlana yomoya obandayo, umusi udala ukushisa, bese kuthi emva kwalokho uphendulwe uketshezi. Umphumela wenqubo ungabonakala ngesimo samazolo, inkungu namafu.
- Ukuwa - ukushayisana futhi kudlule kuzinqubo zokuncipha, amaconsi amanzi asemafini asinda futhi awela phansi noma emanzini. Ngenxa yejubane elikhulu, abanaso isikhathi sokuhwamuka, ngakho-ke sihlala sibona imvula ngesimo semvula, iqhwa noma isichotho.
- Ukugeleza kwamanzi - ukuwela phansi, ezinye izidalwa zifakwa emhlabathini, ezinye zigeleze olwandle, kanti ezinye zondla izitshalo nezihlahla. Okunye uketshezi kuqoqiwe futhi kulethwe emanzini olwandle ngosizo lwamanzi.
Sezihlanganisiwe, lezi zigaba ezingenhla zakha umjikelezo wamanzi emvelweni. Isimo soketshezi silokhu sishintsha, kuyilapho amandla ashisayo ekhishwa futhi emuncwa. Umuntu nezilwane nabo babamba iqhaza kule nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokumunca amanzi. Umthelela omubi engxenyeni yesintu ubangelwa ukwakhiwa kwezimboni ezahlukahlukene, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu, amadamu, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi, ukugeleza kwamanzi nokunisela komhlaba.
Kukhona nemijikelezo emincane yamanzi emvelweni: izwekazi kanye nolwandle. Ingqikithi yenqubo yokugcina ngukuhwamuka, ukufingqa kanye nemvula ngqo olwandle. Inqubo efanayo ingenzeka ebusweni bomhlaba, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo wamanzi omncane wezwekazi. Ngandlela thile, yonke imvula, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iwele kuphi, ngokuqinisekile izobuyela emanzini olwandle.
Njengoba amanzi engaba uketshezi, aqinile futhi anomoya, ijubane lokuhamba lincike esimweni salo sokuhlanganiswa.
Izinhlobo zomjikelezo wamanzi
Izinhlobo ezintathu zomjikelezo wamanzi zingabizwa ngegama elijwayelekile:
- Ukusakazwa komhlaba. Kwakhiwa umhwamuko omkhulu phezu kwezilwandle. Yona, ekhuphukela phezulu, ithwalwa yizwekazi ngemisinga yomoya, lapho iwa khona imvula noma iqhwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, imifula namanzi angaphansi komhlaba aphinde abuyele olwandle
- Encane. Kulokhu, umusi uyakheka phezu kolwandle bese ungena ngqo kuwo ngemuva kwesikhashana.
- Izwekazi. Lo mjikelezo wenziwa ngaphakathi nje kwezwekazi. Amanzi asemhlabeni nasemizimbeni yamanzi angaphakathi kwezwe ayahwamuka aye emkhathini, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana abuyele emhlabathini nemvula neqhwa
Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo wamanzi uyinqubo ngenxa yalokho amanzi aguqula isimo sawo, ahlanzwe, agcwale izinto ezintsha. Umjikelezo uvumela zonke izinhlobo zokuphila ukuthi zisebenze. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi ahamba njalo, amboza bonke ubuso beplanethi.
Umdwebo womjikelezo wamanzi emvelweni
