AmaToucan ngezinye zezinyoni ezikhanya kakhulu zaseTropiki ezitholakala eMelika. Isici sawo esiphawuleka kakhulu uqhwaku olukhulu, ubukhulu balo, ngezinye izikhathi, obucishe bulingane nobukhulu benyoni uqobo lwayo. Laba bameleli abakhulu be-oda labagawuli bokhuni baziwa ngokukhohliseka nobuchule babo. Kulula ukuthambisa futhi zenze kahle ekuthunjweni.
Incazelo ye-toucan
I-toucan iyinyoni enkulu enezimpaphe ezikhanyayo nomlomo omkhulu ngokweqile. Ungowomndeni we-toucan futhi, noma ngabe ukude, kepha useyisihlobo sezinkuni ezivamile.
Ukubukeka
AmaToucan yizinyoni ezinkulu, ubukhulu bazo obucishe bube ngu-40-60 cm, kuya ngohlobo nobulili bale nyoni.
Imizimba yazo mikhulu futhi mikhulu, icishe ibe yisiyingi. Ikhanda nalo limise okweqanda futhi likhulu ngokwedlulele, liphenduka intamo eqinile futhi eqinile, kude nokuncane futhi hhayi ngomusa.
Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa lezi zinyoni ngumlomo omkhulu, ubukhulu bawo obungacishe bulingane nobude bomzimba. Kuliqiniso, kwezinye izinhlobo kuncane kakhulu: awudluli usayizi wekhanda.
Amehlo we-toucan makhulu impela, ayindingilizi futhi azwakala kahle ngezinyoni. Umbala wamehlo ungaba mnyama noma ukhanye, njengombala onsundu.
Umsila ezinhlotsheni eziningi ufushane futhi ubanzi ngokwanele, nezinkulu ezithuthukiswe kahle, njengomthetho, izimpaphe ezimnyama. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nezinhlobo zama-toucan ezinemisila emide kakhulu.
Izimpiko zifushane futhi azinamandla kakhulu, yingakho ama-toucan engabizwa ngokuthi amaflaya esigaba sokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ehlathini elishisayo lapho lezi zinyoni zihlala khona, azidingi ukwenza izindiza ezinde, kwanele nje ukuthi zikwazi ukusuka egatsheni liye egatsheni futhi zisuke esihlahleni ziye kwesinye.
Imilenze, njengomthetho, inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inamandla futhi inamandla anele okubamba umzimba omkhulu wale nyoni egatsheni. Amachwane amancane anekholi ekhethekile yezithende ezinyaweni zawo, abanjwa ngayo esidlekeni.
Umbala oyinhloko wezimpaphe zawo umnyama, ugcwaliswa ngamabala amakhulu futhi ahluke kakhulu kweminye imibala, efana nomhlophe, ophuzi noma ukhilimu. Ngisho nomlomo we-toucan unemibala egqamile kakhulu: kwezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni, uqhwaku olulodwa kuphela olungabalwa ngama-shades amahlanu ahlukene.
Njengomthetho, izindawo ezinemibala emzimbeni we-toucan zitholakala ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Isizinda esiyinhloko sezimpaphe singamnyama wamalahle. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda, cishe wonke umzimba nomsila wale nyoni kudwetshiwe ngalombala. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nezinhlobo, umbala wazo oyinhloko wezimpaphe awumnyama ngokuphelele, kepha, kunalokho, unesikhala somthunzi ohlukile, isibonelo, i-chestnut.
- Ingxenye engezansi yekhanda, kanye nomphimbo nesifuba, kufakwe umbala emthunzini okhanyayo ogqamile: imvamisa imhlophe noma iphuzi ngokuqina okuhlukahlukene: kusuka kulamula onombala ophuzi noma ophuzi olu-creamy kuya kwesafron ecebile nephuzi-orange.
- I-uppertail kanye ne-undertail nayo ingaba nemibala egqamile kakhulu: emhlophe, ebomvu, e-orange noma omunye umthunzi ohlukile.
- Kukhona futhi nezindawo ezikhanyayo eziseduze kwamehlo, ziqhathaniswa nazo zombili izizinda eziyinhloko ezimnyama nephethini elikhanyayo engxenyeni engezansi yekhanda, umphimbo nesifuba esingenhla.
- Imilenze yezinhlobo eziningi ze-toucan inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amazipho nawo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Amehlo alezi zinyoni amnyama noma anombala onsundu.
- Isikhumba esincanyana esiseduze kwamehlo singapendwa ngemibala egqamile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, okuluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi osawolintshi noma ophuzi.
- Umbala womlomo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ungaba mnyama noma ukhanye futhi ukhanye kakhulu. Kepha ngisho nasemilonyeni emnyama lezi zinyoni zinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi noma owolintshi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlaka zomzimba wama-toucans, isifuba sazo esikhulu, ikhanda elikhulu elithweswe uqhwaku olukhulu olunamandla nomsila omfushane, kuhlangene nombala ogqamile futhi ohluke kakhulu wezimpaphe, kunikeza lezi zinyoni ukubukeka okungavamile nokwesabekayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sivume ukuthi ama-toucans mahle, noma ngabe ngendlela yawo.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila
AmaToucans, ngokubukeka kwawo okukhanyayo nokuthokoza, abizwa ngokuncokola ngokuthi "ama-Amazonia clown". Lezi zinyoni zikhetha ukuhlala emihlambini emincane - cishe abantu abangama-20 ngamunye. Kodwa phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, zingakha ngazimbili, ngemuva kwalokho zibuyela emhlambini nenzalo esikhulile.
Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho ama-toucan edinga ukufuduka, okwenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu, ngoba lezi zinyoni ziyanqena ngokweqile ukushiya izindawo zazo zokuhlala, zingabuthana ngemihlambi emikhulu. Kwenzeka okufanayo lapho amaqembu amancane ambalwa ekwazi ukuthola umuthi omkhulu othela izithelo ongakhoselisa lezi zinyoni isikhathi eside futhi uzinike ukudla. Kulokhu, ama-toucans nawo angakha imihlambi emikhulu.
Lezi zinyoni zisebenza ikakhulukazi emini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-toucans kuyaqabukela ehlele phansi, akhetha ukuba phakathi kokuqongelelwa kwamagatsha emiqhele yezihlahla, lapho kunokudla okuningi nalapho kungelula ukuthi izidumbu zikhuphuke khona.
AmaToucan yizinyoni ezinomsindo kakhulu, izingcingo zawo zihanjiswa kude kunqamule ihlathi lemvula. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye abanaso isikhubekiso, kepha, kunalokho, bayizidalwa ezinobungane kakhulu, ezinomqondo okhethekile wamahlaya. AmaTouc agcina ubudlelwano bobungani namanye amalungu omhlambi wawo futhi, uma kunesidingo, nakanjani azosiza izihlobo zawo.
Lezi zinyoni zaziwa ngesimo sazo sokuthokoza nemikhuba ehlekisayo. Imvamisa badlala bodwa, bagxume emagatsheni ezihlahla bese bewashayisa ngemilomo yabo, bese kuthi, betshekise amakhanda abo kolunye uhlangothi, balalele "umculo". Zijwayele futhi ukusakazeka ngomsindo emanzini anqwabelana ngemuva kwemvula ezimfoloko zamagatsha awugqinsi.
Akukho ukuvumelana phakathi kososayensi mayelana nokuthi kungani i-toucan idinga ubukhulu bayo obukhulu, futhi, lapho uthi nhlá, uqhwaku olungajwayelekile. Kubukeka kungajwayelekile kubantu abangazazi lezi zinyoni: i-toucan ingahlala kanjani ngokujwayelekile, ibe "nomhlobiso" onje? Ngempela, uqhwaku olukhulu nolusindayo bekufanele lukwenze kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuphila kwale nyoni. Kungani lokhu kungenzeki? Emva kwakho konke, ama-toucan awabukeki nakancane izidalwa ezingathokozile ezikhubekiswe yimvelo, kunalokho, ziyizinyoni ezinethemba elikhulu futhi ezijabulayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uqhwaku lwama-toucans lubukeka lukhulu ngokweqile: empeleni, lukhanya impela ngenxa yokuthi lunezikhala eziningi zomoya, ezinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo isisindo salo.
I-toucan idinga uqhwaku olukhulu, okokuqala, ngoba ngosizo lwayo luthola ukudla, ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi uqhwaku lwalezi zinyoni ludlala indima yohlobo oluthile lwe- “air conditioner” futhi ludlala indima enkulu ekupholiseni umzimba. Futhi, ngosizo lokuchofoza okusabisayo kwemilomo yazo emikhulu, lezi zinyoni zixosha izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi zizivikele zona kanye nenzalo yazo kuzo.
Ekuthunjweni, ama-toucan awabakhathazi abanikazi futhi azikho izinkinga ngawo, ngaphandle kokuthi izinyoni zalolu sayizi zidinga amakheji amakhulu kakhulu, okuvame ukwenziwa wona ngokwawo noma uku-oda. Lapho zigcinwa ekhaya, ama-toucans ajabulisa abanikazi bawo ngomlingiswa onobungane ngisho nothando, kanye nobuhlakani nobuhlakani obungokwemvelo kubo.
Mangaki ama-toucan ahlala
Kuyinyoni ehlala isikhathi eside ngokumangazayo. Ngokuya ngohlobo, kanye nangezimo zokuphila, impilo yama-toucans isukela eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-50.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Akuvezwa kahle ngokwanele: izinyoni zobulili obuhlukile zinombala ofanayo wezimpaphe futhi zihluka ngosayizi omncane kuphela: abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa futhi bakhuluphele ngesisindo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinhlobo zama-toucan, abesifazane nabo banomlomo omncane kancane kunowesilisa.
Izinhlobo zama-toucans
Ama-ornithologists ahlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zalezi zinyoni njenge-toucan yangempela:
- I-toucan ephefumulelwe ophuzi. Ubude bomzimba - 47-61 cm, isisindo - kusuka ku-584 kuya ku-746 g. Umbala oyinhloko wezimpaphe umnyama. Umqala ophuzi ophuzi nodumo lwesifuba esihlukanisiwe sehlukaniswe nesizinda esikhulu sejethi esimnyama ngokuhleleka okuncane okubomvu. I-uppertail inombala omhlophe okakhilimu, umsebenzi ongaphansi ubomvu ngokugqamile. Uqhwaku lunemibala emibili, sengathi luhlukaniswe ngokwehlukana ngemibala emnyama futhi ekhanyayo. Ingaphezulu layo liphuzi ngokugqamile kanti ngezansi kunama-chestnut amnyama noma ansundu. Kukhona indawo eluhlaza okotshani ezungeze amehlo. Le nyoni ihlala emthambekeni osempumalanga we-Andes: ePeru, e-Ecuador, eColombia naseVenezuela.
- UToucan-ariel. Ubukhulu bucishe bulingane no-48 cm, isisindo esingu-300-430 g. Umbala omkhulu ungumbala omnyama onamacici. Kunendawo ekhanyayo ephuzi engxenyeni engezansi yekhanda, umphimbo nesifuba esingenhla, kanti isisekelo somlomo omnyama sipendwe ngomthunzi ofanayo. Emngceleni ophuzi nomnyama, ukumakwa kombala ogqamile, obomvu ngokusawolintshi kubonakala ngokusobala, isibambiso namabala azungeze amehlo amnyama, azungezwe amabala esikhumba esincane esikhanyayo esinsundu, anomthunzi ofanayo. Ama-Ariel toucans ahlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Amazon.
- I-toucan-throated toucan. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-48, isisindo cishe siyi-360 g Kule nyoni emnyama yamalahle, ingxenye engenhla yesifuba nomphimbo wangaphambili kudwetshwe ngomthunzi kalamula ophaphathekile, ezinhlangothini ziphenduka zibe mhlophe. Indawo eseduze kweso ilula ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iphenduka ibe mhlophe iye phansi. Phezulu koqhwaku kunesiqeshana esiphuzi esiphuzi ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; isisekelo saso sibuye sidwetshwe ngemibala efanayo. Lezi zinyoni zihlala eVenezuela naseColombia.
- I-toucan enobuso obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le nyoni ifinyelela cishe kuma-48 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esisuka ku-300 kuye ku-430 g.Indawo emhlophe emphinjeni nasesifubeni esingenhla ihlukaniswa nombala omnyama omkhulu ngomugqa obomvu. Kunezindawo ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezikhanyayo ezizungeze amehlo. Uppertail ubomvu ngokubomvu ngezitini. Uqhwaku lumnyama, ngaphandle komugqa ophuzi okhanyayo ngaphezulu kwalo, futhi isisekelo sinombala ophuzi. Lawa ma-toucans ahlala eVenezuela, eBolivia naseBrazil.
- I-toucan enesifuba esibomvu. Encane kunazo zonke phakathi kwabamele uhlobo lwayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, uqhwaku lwayo lumfushane kunolunye lwama-toucan. Ubukhulu balezi zinyoni zingama-40-46 cm, isisindo - kusuka ku-265 kuya ku-400 g. Umphimbo nengxenye engenhla yesifuba kudwetshwe ngombala ophuzi ngokusawolintshi, kudlulela emaphethelweni ngombala ophuzi ngokumhlophe. Ingxenye engezansi yesifuba nesisu ibomvu, izindawo ezizungeze amehlo nazo zibomvu. Uqhwaku lunemibala eluhlaza okotshani. Lezi zinyoni zihlala eBrazil, eBolivia, eParaguay nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Argentina.
- Uthingo lwenkosazana. Ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-53 cm, isisindo - cishe amagremu angama-400. Isifuba, umphimbo nengxenye engezansi yekhanda kunombala ophuzi kalamula, ohlukaniswe ngomugqa omncane obomvu emngceleni onombala omnyama wesisekelo, okuthengiwe kubomvu okugqamile. Uqhwaku ludwetshwe ngemibala emine: oluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okusawolintshi nokubomvu, futhi kunomphetho omnyama emaphethelweni nangaphansi. Imiphetho yezingxenye ezimbili ezingenhla nezingezansi zoqhwaku nayo inemigqa emnyama emincane. Lawa ma-toucan ahlala eningizimu yeMexico kuya enyakatho yeColombia naseVenezuela.
- I-toucan enkulu. Ubude kusuka ku-55 kuye ku-65 cm, isisindo cishe esingu-700 g. Kukhona indawo emhlophe engxenyeni engezansi yekhanda, umphimbo nesifuba. I-uppertail nayo imhlophe ngokugqamile, kanti i-undertail inombala obomvu. Amehlo azungezwe iziqeshana eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi zona, zizungezwe ukumakwa okuwolintshi. Uqhwaku luphuzi ngokusawolintshi, lunomugqa obomvu omncane phezulu namabala amnyama eduze kwesisekelo nasesiphethweni salo. Lawa ma-toucans ahlala eBolivia, ePeru, eParaguay naseBrazil.
- I-toucan enesifuba esimhlophe. Ubude bungu-53-58 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-500 kuye ku-700 g. Le nyoni yathola igama layo ngoba umbala womphimbo wayo nesifuba esingenhla simhlophe qwa. Kunomugqa obomvu emngceleni wawo onemvelaphi enkulu emnyama. Uqhwaku lunemibala ehlukahlukene: ithoni yalo eyinhloko ibomvu, kanti engxenyeni yayo engenhla kukhona okufakwayo kohlobo oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noboya obuphuzi obukhanyayo, okucacile ukuthi kunqunyelwe umbala obomvu ngombala omnyama wamalahle. I-toucan enamabele amhlophe ihlala ikakhulu e-Amazon.
KUYATHANDA! AmaToucans aqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi olunye uhlobo lwawo lwenza imisindo efana ne- "tokano!"
Indawo yokuhlala
AmaToucan ahlala emahlathini aseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kusuka eMexico kuya e-Argentina, ngaphezu kwalokho, atholakala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezinkangala, endaweni ephakeme engafika kumakhilomitha ama-3 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zikhetha ukuhlala lapho kukhanya khona, ngokwesibonelo, emaphethelweni noma ezihlahleni ezincanyana, hhayi emahlathini aminyene. Abasabi abantu futhi kaningi bahlala eduze namakhaya abo.
AmaToucan ahlala emigodini, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi uqhwaku lwawo alushintshelwanga ukwenza izimbobo kokhuni oluqinile, lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuhlala emigodini ekhona eziqwini zezihlahla. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni eziningana zivame ukuhlala emgodini owodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuvimbela uqhwaku ekuthatheni isikhala esiningi esidlekeni esiminyene, i-toucan iphendula ikhanda layo ngama-degree ayi-180 bese ibeka uqhwaku emhlane noma komakhelwane oseduze.
Ukudla kwama-toucans
Ngokuyinhloko, ama-toucans yizinyoni ezidla imifino. Bazithanda kakhulu izithelo namajikijolo, bangadla nezimbali zezitshalo ezithile ezishisayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, le nyoni, ihleli egatsheni eliwugqinsi, welula ikhanda futhi, ngosizo lomlomo wayo, ifinyelela isithelo noma iberry elihlwabusayo. Ukube bekungekho ngomlomo omude, ngabe i-toucan esindayo ibingakwazi ukufinyelela izithelo, ikakhulukazi ekhula emagatsheni amancane kakhulu angakwazi ukuthwala ubunzima benyoni enkulu kangaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zingadla nokudla kwezilwane: izicabucabu, izinambuzane, amaxoxo, izibankwa, izinyoka ezincane. Ngesinye isikhathi, angathanda ukuziphathisa amaqanda ezinye izinyoni noma amaphuphu azo.
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Amapigogo
- I-Cassowary
Ekuthunjweni, azithobeki ngokuphelele ngokondla. Bangaphakelwa ngamantongomane, isinkwa, okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, amaqanda, izinhlanzi ezinonile, kanye nezinambuzane ezincane ezinomgogodla kanye nama-vertebrate ezinjengezinambuzane noma amaxoxo. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okungcono kakhulu kubo yizithelo namajikijolo asezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho ama-toucan ajwayele khona emahlathini akubo aseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
AmaToucans enza imibhangqwana iminyaka eminingi futhi ngemuva kwalokho imvamisa ayimshintshi umlingani wawo.
Lezi zinyoni zizalela emigodini yezihlahla, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda amhlophe, amise okweqanda asuka ku-1 kuye kwele-4 khona kanye othulini lwokhuni, okuyinto bobabili abazali abafukamela bobabili. Kulokhu, isikhathi sokufukamela sisuka emavikini amabili: lokhu kuhlala kangakanani ezinhlotsheni ezincane. Ama-toucan amakhulu akhulela amaqanda isikhashana.
Amantshontsho amaToucan azalwa engenalusizo ngokuphelele: enqunu, enesikhumba esibomvu futhi eyimpumputhe. Amehlo abo avuleka sekwephuze kakhulu - ngemuva kwamasonto angaba mathathu. Ama-toucans amancane nawo awajahi ukugcwalisa i-fledge: noma ngabe anenyanga eyodwa, awakakhuli ngokweqile ngezimpaphe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinyaweni zamantshontsho e-toucan kunamaqhuqhuva esithende avimbela ukugcotshwa, ngoba izingane kufanele zihlale esidlekeni izinyanga ezimbili, kanti udoti esidlekeni sama-toucan awuthambile.
Umama nobaba bondla amaphuphu ndawonye, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo basizwa nezihlobo namanye amalungu omhlambi.
Ngemuva kokuthi ama-toucan amancane esebalekile futhi esefunde ukundiza, abazali babuyela nawo emhlambini wabo.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zama-toucan yizinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama, izinyoka zezihlahla namakati asendle akhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni. Futhi zibahlasela ngengozi kuphela, ngoba ngenxa yemibala egqamile nehluke kakhulu, i-toucan akulula ukuyibona esihlokweni esinyene semithi. Umbala wale nyoni, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, uhlukana ube amabala ombala ahlukene futhi uwenze ubukeke njengesithelo noma imbali ekhanyayo yasezindaweni ezishisayo, okuvame ukudukisa umhlaseli. Uma isitha silinga ukusondela kwenye yezinyoni, wonke umhlambi uzomhlasela ngokushesha, okuthi, ngokukhala kwawo okukhulu futhi okungabekezeleleki, kanye nangosizo lokuchofoza okwesabekayo ngemilomo emikhulu, kuzophoqa umhlaseli ukuba abaleke endaweni lapho ama-toucan ahlangana khona.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Phezu kokuba isibalo salezi zinyoni sikhulu ngokwanele, ezinye zezinhlobo ze-toucan ziyavikelwa.Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-toucans awanakuhlala endle noma kuphi, ngaphandle kwamahlathi emvula asendaweni eshisayo, indawo yawo ehlale incipha. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo zalezi zinyoni zabelwa lezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- Izinhlobo Zokukhathazeka Okungencane: i-toucan enkulu, i-toucan-throated toucan, i-toucan enesifuba esibomvu, i-rainbow toucan.
- Izinhlobo ezisondele endaweni esengozini: i-toucan ephefumulelwe ophuzi.
- Izinhlobo ezisengozini: i-toucan enamabele amhlophe, i-toucan ebhekene nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-ariel toucan.
AmaToucan ayizinyoni ezinomsindo futhi ezinobungane kakhulu ezikhetha ukuzigcina emihlambini emincane. Bendawonye badla izithelo namajikijolo ezihlahla ehlathini lemvula futhi ndawonye, uma kunesidingo, balwe nabazingeli. Ama-omnivores, yize ethanda ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo, ama-toucans agxila kalula ekuthunjweni. Bahlukaniswa yisimo sothando nesomusa futhi, ukuthanjiswa, iminyaka eminingi bathokozisa umnikazi wabo ngemikhuba ehlekisayo, isimo sokujabula nesokunganaki, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, kanye nokwenza imigilingwane engeyona ingozi. Yingakho amaNdiya ezizwe ezisezindaweni ezihlala ama-toucan, evame ukugcina lezi zinyoni njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
