Imithombo yemvelo yamahlathi

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Izinsiza zehlathi ziyinzuzo ebaluleke kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu, okuthi, ngeshwa, ungavikeleki emisebenzini ye-anthropogenic esebenzayo. Hhayi izihlahla kuphela ezikhula ehlathini, kepha nezihlahla, amakhambi, izitshalo zokwelapha, amakhowe, amajikijolo, ubulembu nobulembu. Ngokuya ngengxenye yomhlaba, amahlathi anezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, okuncike, okokuqala, ezinhlotsheni ezakha ihlathi:

  • ezishisayo;
  • ngaphansi komhlaba;
  • izinqumo;
  • ama-conifers;
  • kuxutshwe.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka uhlobo lwehlathi elihewulayo endaweni ngayinye yesimo sezulu. Ngokuya ngokushintshwa kwamaqabunga, kunamaqabunga ahlala njalo futhi ahlala eluhlaza, kanye namahlathi ahlanganisiwe. Ngokuvamile, amahlathi atholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctic. I-Australia inamahlathi amancane kakhulu. Izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zimbozwe ngamahlathi eMelika nasendaweni yaseCongo, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseCanada, eRussia naseNingizimu Melika.

Ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo yehlathi

Amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezinkulu zezitshalo nezilwane. Ama-Fern, izintende, ama-lyes, ama-liana, ama-bamboo, ama-epiphyte kanye nabanye abamele Emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo kunezihlahla zikaphayini nama-magnolias, amasundu nama-oki, ama-cryptomerias nama-laurels.

Amahlathi ahlanganisiwe aqukethe ama-conifers kanye nezihlahla ezibanzi. Amahlathi eConiferous amelwe yizinhlobo zikaphayini, i-larch, i-spruce nezinhlobo ze-fir. Kwesinye isikhathi indawo enkulu imbozwa izihlahla zohlobo olufanayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu ziyaxutshwa, ngokwesibonelo, amahlathi ephayini-we-spruce. Izihlahla ezinamakhasi abanzi ziyikhaya lama-oki namamephu, ama-lindens nama-aspen, ama-elms nobhontshisi, ama-birches nezihlahla zomlotha.

Izinyoni eziningi zihlala emiqhele yezihlahla. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zithola ikhaya lazo lapha, konke kuncike endaweni yesimo sezulu lapho kutholakala khona ihlathi. Phakathi kwezihlahla, kuphila izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nezidla izilwane kanye namagundane, kutholakala izinyoka, izibankwa, nezinambuzane.

Ukongiwa kwemithombo yehlathi

Inkinga yezinsizakusebenza zamahlathi zesimanje ukulondolozwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi amahlathi abizwa ngamaphaphu eplanethi, njengoba izihlahla zikhiqiza umoya-mpilo ngokumunca isikhutha. Hhayi izinkulungwane namakhulu eminyaka yokuphila komuntu, inkinga yokunyamalala kwamahlathi ivele, kepha kuphela ngekhulu lokugcina. Kusikwe izigidi zamahektha ezihlahla, ukulahleka okukhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, kususwe ama-25% kuya kuma-60% amahlathi, kanti kwezinye izindawo kuye kwacekelwa phansi. Ngaphezu kokugawulwa, ihlathi lisongelwa ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi, umoya namanzi. Namuhla kufanele sizame ukuligcina ihlathi, ngaphandle kwalokho ngisho nokuncishiswa kwalo kuzoba yinhlekelele yemvelo yomhlaba wonke.

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