I-Forest-tundra iyindawo enesimo sezulu esibi, itholakala ezingxenyeni zomhlaba ezihambisana nehlathi netundra, kanye namachibi namachibi. I-tundra yehlathi ingeyehlobo eliseningizimu kakhulu le-tundra, yingakho livame ukubizwa ngokuthi "iseningizimu". I-Forest-tundra itholakala endaweni engaphansi komhlaba enesimo sezulu. Le ndawo enhle kakhulu lapho kuvela khona izimbali ezinkulu zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene entwasahlobo. Le ndawo ibonakala ngokuhlukahluka nokukhula okusheshayo kobulembu, yingakho kuyindawo eyintandokazi yamadlelo asebusika wezinyamazane.
Inhlabathi yehlathi-ihlathi
Ngokuphambene ne-arctic ne-tundra ejwayelekile, inhlabathi ye-tundra yehlathi iyakwazi ukulima. Emasimini ayo, ungatshala amazambane, iklabishi no-anyanisi oluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, inhlabathi ngokwayo inamazinga aphansi okuzala:
- umhlaba uhlupheka nge-humus;
- ine-asidi ephezulu;
- inenani elincane lezakhamzimba.
Umhlaba ofanele kakhulu wokutshala izitshalo yimithambeka efudumele yensimu. Kepha, nokho, kukhona ungqimba lwe-gley olungaphansi kuka-20 cm wongqimba lomhlaba, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande olungaphansi kwama-20 cm akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yesistimu yezimpande empofu, inani elikhulu lezihlahla zehlathi-tundra linomboko ogobile ezansi.
Ukukhulisa ukuthela kwenhlabathi enjalo, uzodinga:
- amanzi okufakelwa;
- ukusebenzisa amanani amakhulu omanyolo;
- ukwenza ngcono umbuso oshisayo.
Ubunzima obukhulu kubhekwa ukuthi la mazwe avame ukuba yiqhwa. Kuphela ehlobo, ilanga lifudumeza inhlabathi ngesilinganiso semitha. Umhlabathi wehlathi-i-tundra ugcwele amanzi, yize kungavamisile ukuba nemvula endaweni yawo. Lokhu kungenxa yesilinganiso esiphansi somswakama osuhwamukile, yingakho kunamachibi amaningi namaxhaphozi kule nsimu. Ngenxa yomswakama ophakeme kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi, inhlabathi kancane kancane yakha ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenhlabathi ye-chernozem, inhlabathi ye-tundra yenhlabathi yandisa ungqimba lwayo oluvundile izikhathi eziyishumi ezimbi kakhulu.
Isimo sezulu
Izimo zokushisa kwehlathi-i-tundra zihluke kancane kwesimo sezulu se-arctic noma i-tundra ejwayelekile. Umehluko omkhulu kunayo yonke yihlobo. Ehlathini-ehlathini, ehlobo izinga lokushisa lingakhuphukela ku- + 10-14⁰C. Uma sibheka isimo sezulu sisuka enyakatho siye eningizimu, lena yindawo yokuqala enamazinga okushisa aphezulu kangaka ehlobo.
Amahlathi abamba iqhaza ekusatshalalisweni kweqhwa ngisho nangokwengeziwe ebusika, futhi umoya uvunguza kancane kunethoshi elijwayelekile. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka lifinyelela ku -5 ... -10⁰С. Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwekhava leqhwa lasebusika kungamasentimitha angama-45-55. Ehlathini-ehlathini, imimoya ishaya ngamandla kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye zethabhu. Inhlabathi eseduze nemifula ivundile kakhulu, njengoba ifudumeza umhlaba, ngakho-ke izimila eziphakeme kakhulu ziyabonakala ezigodini zemifula.
Izici ze-Zone
Amaqiniso ajwayelekile ajwayelekile:
- Umoya ovunguza njalo uphoqa izitshalo ukuba zigone phansi, futhi izimpande zezihlahla zihlanekezelwe, ngoba zine-rhizome encane.
- Ngenxa yokuncipha kohlaza, kunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-carbon dioxide emoyeni we-tundra yehlathi nezinye izinhlobo ze-tundra.
- Izilwane ezahlukahlukene ziye zajwayela ukudla okunzima nokuncane kwezitshalo. Ngesikhathi esibanda kunazo zonke sonyaka, ama-reindeer, ulamula kanye nezinye izakhamizi ze-tundra zidla kuphela ubulembu nobulembu.
- Kwi-tundra, kunemvula encane ngonyaka kunasezingwadule, kepha ngenxa yokuhwamuka okuncane, uketshezi luyagcinwa futhi lukhule lube ngamaxhaphozi amaningi.
- Ubusika ehlathini-i-tundra buhlala ingxenye yesithathu yonyaka, ihlobo lifushane, kepha lifudumele kunensimu ye-tundra ejwayelekile.
- Ensimini yehlathi-tundra ekuqaleni kobusika, esinye sezimo ezithakazelisa kakhulu singabonakala - amalambu asenyakatho.
- Izilwane zehlathi-tundra zincane, kepha ziningi kakhulu.
- Ikhava leqhwa ebusika lingafinyelela amamitha ambalwa.
- Kunezitshalo eziningi kakhulu emifuleni, okusho ukuthi kunezilwane eziningi futhi.
- I-tundra yehlathi iyindawo efaneleke kakhulu yezitshalo nokukhiqizwa kwezilwane kune-tundra ejwayelekile.
Umphumela
I-Forest-tundra yindawo enzima yokuphila, lapho izitshalo nezilwane ezimbalwa ziye zajwayela khona. Lendzawo ibonakala ngebusika lobudze kanye nehlobo lelifishane. Umhlabathi wensimu awulungiswa kahle kwezolimo, izitshalo azitholi inani elidingekayo likamanyolo nezinye izinto, futhi izimpande zazo zimfushane. Ebusika, isibalo esanele sobulembu nobulembu siheha izilwane eziningi kule ndawo.
