Ngokuya ngezigaba ezamukelwa ngokuvamile, izitshalo zihlukaniswe zangama-coniferous and deciduous. Lezi zokugcina zibandakanya lezo ezichitha ikhava yazo eluhlaza ngesikhathi esithile. Njengomthetho, izihlahla ezinjalo zikhula ngesikhathi sokukhula kwentwasahlobo-ehlobo, zishintshe umbala ngesikhathi sekwindla, bese zichitha amahlamvu azo. Yile ndlela abazivumelanisa ngayo namakhaza asebusika.
Amahlathi ahlabayo aqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla, izihlahlana notshani. Eziningi izinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezibanzi ezifana ne-oki, imephu, i-beech, i-walnut, i-hornbeam ne-chestnut. Izihlahla ezinamacembe amancane njenge-birch, poplar, linden, alder ne-aspen nazo zivamile lapha.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo ezifana ne-mountain laurel, azaleas nobulembu obuhlala ehlathini elinomthunzi nelanga elincane.
Amahlathi ashubile aseRussia
Ensimini yaseRussia, amahlathi ahlaselayo ahlala esiqeshaneni esincane phakathi kwama-steppes aseningizimu nendawo esenyakatho yamahlathi axubekile. Lesi sigaqa sisuka emazweni aseBaltic siye kuma-Urals nangale kwawo, siye eNovosibirsk nasemngceleni waseMongolia. Lendawo inesimo sezulu esifudumele futhi esinomswakama.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, i-oki ejwayelekile, i-linden, i-ash, i-maple, i-elm zivame kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga naseningizimu, izinhlobo zezinhlobo ziyanda ngenxa ye-hornbeam, i-birch bark, amantongomane, i-sycamore, i-cherry enoshukela, i-poplar.
Iningi lamahlathi akule ndawo angama-birch amhlophe, athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabadwebi bendawo yaseRussia. Ungazibali izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla notshani ezicebile endaweni eyihlathi yeRussia.
Umhlabathi
Amahlathi amaningi ahlukanisiwe aphethwe inhlabathi ensundu. Leli yizwe elivundile impela. Ekwindla, amahlamvu awela ezihlahleni, abole futhi asize ukunika inhlabathi umsoco wawo. Izikelemu zisiza ukuxuba izakhamzimba ngokuzinothisa ngehumus.
Izimpande zezihlahla zingena zijule emhlabathini, zithole izakhamzimba ngesikhathi sokukhula. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqala kwekwindla, amahlamvu ayabhidlika futhi anothise umhlabathi ngezinto zokulandela umkhondo eziwusizo.
Indawo ehlathini enqabayo
Amahlathi ahlukanisiwe atholakala phakathi kwezindawo ezishisayo kanye nendawo yamahlathi axubekile naconiferous. Kungaphakathi kuka-500-600 no-430-460 latitudes. Ukubonakaliswa kwama-latitudes kuyisibuko sesithombe se-hemispheres eseNyakatho naseningizimu. Ngaphandle kweqiniso, amahlathi amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni avame ukugxila eNyakatho. Uzobathola eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, ezingxenyeni zaseRussia, eChina naseJapan.
I-Southern Hemisphere nayo inamahlathi ahlabayo, yize ejwayele ukuba mancane kakhulu futhi enwebezela ubukhulu beNew Zealand, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia naseNingizimu Asia. INingizimu Melika inezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu zamahlathi ahlabayo eningizimu yeChile naseParaguay. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izitshalo nezilwane kuzo kuvame ukuhluka empilweni yasenyakatho.
Amahlathi ahlabayo avame ukukhula ezindaweni ezinamagquma nezinhlobo ezithile zenhlabathi.
Isimo sezulu
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokungafani nama-conifers, amahlathi ahlabayo achazwa ukuthi izihlahla zawo zilahlekelwa amahlamvu kanye ngonyaka njengoba isikhathi sonyaka sishintsha, akusho ukuthi isimo sezulu iningi laso asikho ngokweqile, kepha siyehluka ngesizini. Lezi zindawo zizoba nezikhathi ezine ezichazwe kahle, nezinqubo ezishiwo zebhayoloji - amahlamvu ashintsha umbala ekwindla, awe ebusika futhi akhule entwasahlobo. Amahlathi ahlabayo kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngokuthi aphakathi nendawo futhi abanzi, okusikisela ukuthi avame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezipholile. Nguye onikeza isikhathi sonyaka esishiwo, ikhava leqhwa ebusika nenani elizinzile lemvula yaminyaka yonke.
Ukushisa okujwayelekile ezinkathini ezifudumele kungu -15 C, futhi phansi, njengomthetho, kwehla ngaphansi kuka-0 C. Inani lemvula lifinyelela ku-500-800 mm. Lezi zilinganiso zingahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, njengoba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amahlathi aqinile angatholakala emhlabeni wonke.
Empilweni ejwayelekile yamahlathi ahlabayo, isikhathi esifudumele kufanele sibe okungenani izinsuku ezingama-120, kepha kwezinye izindawo sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-250 ngonyaka ngaphandle kwesithwathwa.
Isimo sezulu ehlathini elihlwanyelayo sincike kwisimo sezulu esifundeni. Ubusika obubandayo buvame ukwandisa ukwehlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezimila.
