Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2019, sekuqaliswe ukulungiswa "kukadoti" eRussia, elawula ukuqoqwa, ukugcinwa, ukucubungulwa nokulahlwa kwe-MSW. Lokhu kuhlehliswa kwanikezwa iMoscow, iSt. Petersburg neSevastopol.
Yimiphi imithetho elawula ukuguqulwa kukadoti
Ngokomthetho, akukho mithetho emisha eyamukelwa noma yethulwa. Bachaza ukuthi yini "isithembiso", bathi akunakwenzeka ukusihoxisa.
Ingqikithi yemibhalo ebaliwe ukuthi uma okungenani inkokhelo eyodwa idluliselwa ku-opharetha, inkontileka ingaqedwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa inkantolo. Abasunguli bokuguqulwa kukadoti bacabanga ukuthi ngemuva kokwamukelwa kwezichibiyelo zomthetho, iziza ezikhona manje zizonyamalala, ingasaphathwa eyokuvela okusha.
Umongo wezinhlelo zomthetho:
- izinkampani zokuphatha azisazenzi izinkontileka zokuqoqa imfucuza;
- ukulahlwa kukadoti kwenziwa ngabasebenza ezifundeni;
- Umnikazi wefulethi, ikotishi lasehlobo, nempahla ethengiswayo kumele abe nesivumelwano sokuqoqa udoti.
Kuhlelwe ukwethula ukuqoqwa kukadoti okwehlukile: iphepha, ingilazi, ukhuni, ipulasitiki, njll. Imigqomo ehlukile noma iziqukathi kufanele kubekwe ngaphansi kohlobo ngalunye lwenkunkuma eqinile.
Kusetshenziselwani ukuguqulwa kukadoti?
Kusukela ngo-2019, kufika ezigidini ezingama-40 ezigcinwa ezindaweni zokulahla udoti eRussia, hhayi nje kuphela imfucumfucu yokudla isuswa kubo, kodwa namathani amapulasitiki, ama-polymers, namadivayisi aqukethe imercury.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane yango-2018, akukho ngaphezu kuka-4-5% wevolumu ephelele kadoti owashisiwe. Ngalokhu, okungenani kufanele kwakhiwe izitshalo eziyi-130.
UMongameli weRussian Federation uVladimir Putin, ekhuluma phambi kweFederal Assembly ngoFebhuwari 20, 2019, wathi izinhlelo ze-2019-2020 zifaka ukususwa kwezindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezinkulu ezingama-30. Kepha lokhu kudinga amatayitela kakhonkolo, hhayi nje ukuqoqa imali kubantu ngendlela yokukhokha yezinsizakalo ezingekho.
Yini okufanele iguquke ngemuva komhla ka-01.01.2019
Ngokuhambisana nomthetho omusha:
- opharetha ukhethwa ezingeni lesifunda ngasinye. Unesibopho sokuqoqa udoti nokubhekana nokugcinwa noma ukucubungulwa kwawo;
- iziphathimandla zesifunda nezendawo zinquma ukuthi amapholigoni azoba kuphi;
- opharetha ubala imali ekhokhwayo futhi azixhumanise nezinhlangano zikahulumeni.
IMoscow ayikakajoyini izinguquko "zikadoti". Kepha lapha sekuvele kunqunywe ukuthi kufakwe iziqukathi ezihlukile zemfucuza yokudla kanye nepulasitiki, iphepha nengilazi.
Izinguquko emthethweni azisebenzi kuphela kubahlali basemafulethini asedolobheni. Kodwa ukwanda uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo sangaphambi kwezinguquko kubalulekile.
Ubuphukuphuku besimo esikhona njengamanje ukuthi izimoto zikadoti azikaze zifike ezigodini eziningi nakuma-dacha cooperatives. Kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi ochazayo phakathi kwabantu futhi ubatshele ukuthi imfucuza eqinile kufanele iphonswe emigqonyeni, hhayi emihosheni nasezitshalweni, ukuthi le ukuphela kwendlela yokuhlehlisa inhlekelele yemvelo isikhathi eside ngokwanele.
Izindleko Zokuguqulwa Kwezindleko Zingakanani? Ngubani okhokhelayo?
Yonke imisebenzi ehleliwe idinga ama-78 billion.Ingxenye yezindleko kulindeleke ukuthi inxeshezelwe ngezimali eziqoqwe kubantu.
Okwamanje, izimboni empeleni azakhiwa ndawo. Eqinisweni, izindawo zokulahla udoti zihlala ezindaweni zazo, asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngokuvuselelwa kabusha noma kokulahlwa kukadoti. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani labantu likhokhiswa imali ekhokhelwe ngokusobala yesevisi engekho empeleni.
Imiswa kanjani imali ekhokhwayo yokususwa kukadoti oqinile?
Emuva ngo-2018, inkokhelo yokulahlwa kukadoti ayizange yeqe ama-ruble angama-80-100 efulethini ngalinye. Isevisi isusiwe ezindlekweni zendlu jikelele futhi ikhokhelwa ngomugqa ohlukile noma irisidi.
Malini okufanele ukhokhe edolobheni ngalinye kunqunywa opharetha osebenzela indawo yokuhlala. Ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngamanani entengo kuleli cala akwaziwa.
Ukubambezeleka kokujoyina ukuguqulwa kukadoti
Ngokusemthethweni, ukwenyuka kwemali ekhokhwayo yokususwa kukadoti oqinile kuze kube yi-2022 ngeke kuthinte amadolobha ombuso kuphela. Le nqubo ivunyelwe ukuthi ihlehliselwe u-2020.
Izakhamizi zaseRussia konke kunzima kakhulu. Uma inani lesikweletu likhulu kakhulu, abakhonzi bezinkantolo bazobandakanyeka ekuqoqweni.
Izigaba ezingezinhle zingafaka isicelo soxhaso ngokuqoqa izitifiketi ezidingekayo kanye nesiqinisekiso. Ilungelo linikezwa labo abanikela ngaphezu kwe-22% yesabelomali somndeni sezinsiza.
Isinxephezelo singafunwa ngu:
- imindeni emikhulu;
- abantu abakhubazekile bawo wonke amaqembu;
- omakadebona.
Uhlu aluphelele futhi luvaliwe. Iziphathimandla zingayilungisa ngokubona kwazo.
Kungani abantu bebhikisha bephikisana nokuguqulwa kukadoti
Imihlangano yalabo abanganelisekanga ngeziphakamiso zikahulumeni seyenzekile ezifundeni ezingama-25, kubalwa nenhlokodolobha. Baphikisana namanani entengo aphezulu, ukungabi bikho kokukhetha, nokuvulwa kwamapayipi okulahla udoti angeziwe esikhundleni sokwakha amafektri.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zezicelo eziningi ezisalungiswa yilezi:
- vuma ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwehlulekile;
- hhayi ukukhuphula amanani kuphela, kepha nokushintsha inqubo yokusebenza ngodoti oqinile;
- unganwebisi izindawo zokulahla imfucuza ngokungapheli.
Abantu baseRussia bathi babone kuphela ukwanda kwemali esetshenzisiwe nokwakhiwa kwezinhlaka zombuso ezintsha ezingenzi lutho futhi ezingabhekene nalutho. Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi akukho lutho oluzoshintsha eminyakeni emihlanu.
Izakhamizi zezwe azijahile ukuletha imali kumuntu othola imali. Isimo asingcono e-Adygea (eqoqwe i-14%), eKabardino-Balkaria (15%), ePerm Territory (20%).
Singathemba nje ukuthi izinguquko zizosebenza ngokusebenza, ukuthi amasimu nemihosha izoba ehlanzekile, ukuthi amangcwaba ngeke onakalise indawo, futhi abantu bazofunda ukwazisa osebeni lwemifula ngaphandle kwezinqwaba zamabhodlela namapuleti epulasitiki.
