Ixhaphozi liyindawo enomswakama owedlulele, futhi ebusweni bayo kwakhiwa isembozo esithile sezinto eziphilayo, esingakaqedwa ngokuphelele, futhi kamuva esiphenduke umhlanga. Imvamisa ungqimba lwe-peat kumabhawodi okungenani lungamasentimitha angama-30. Ngokuvamile, amaxhaphozi angaphansi kohlelo lwe-hydrosphere lomhlaba.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngamaxhaphozi afaka:
- amaxhaphozi amadala kakhulu eplanethi akhiwa phakathi nesikhathi seminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-350-400 edlule;
- amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni amaxhaphozi asendaweni egcwele umfula. Ama-Amazoni.
Izindlela zexhaphozi
Ixhaphozi lingabonakala ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokugcwala komhlaba nokugcwala kwemizimba yamanzi. Esimweni sokuqala, umswakama uvela ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:
- umswakama unqwabelana ezindaweni ezijulile;
- amanzi angaphansi komhlaba avela njalo ebusweni;
- ngenani elikhulu lemvula engenawo isikhathi sokuhwamuka;
- ezindaweni lapho izithiyo ziphazamisa ukuhamba kwamanzi.
Lapho amanzi ehlale emanzisa umhlaba, aqoqana, khona-ke ixhaphozi lingakheka kule ndawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Esimweni sesibili, i-bog ivela endaweni yomzimba wamanzi, isibonelo, echibini noma echibini. Ukuminywa kwamanzi kwenzeka lapho indawo yamanzi ikhule kakhulu emhlabeni noma ukujula kwayo kuncipha ngenxa yokujula. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwexhaphozi, izinqolobane eziphilayo kanye namaminerali kunqwabelana emanzini, inani lezimila landa kakhulu, izinga lokugeleza kwedamu liyancipha, futhi amanzi echibini aba manzi impela. Izimbali, ezigcwala echibini, zingaba zombili amanzi, kusukela phansi kwechibi, kanye nezwekazi. Lawa ama-moss, ama-sedges nomhlanga.
Peat ukwakheka emaxhaphozini
Lapho ixhaphozi selakhiwe, ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo nomswakama omningi, izitshalo aziboli ngokuphelele. Izinhlayiya ezifile ziwela phansi futhi aziboli, zanqwabelana ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka, ziphenduke inqwaba yombala onsundu. Yile ndlela okwakhiwa ngayo i-peat, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu amaxhaphozi abizwa ngokuthi ama-peat bogs. Uma i-peat ikhishwa kubo, khona-ke babizwa ngokuthi ama-peat bogs. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukushuba kwesendlalelo kungamamitha ayi-1.5-2, kepha kwesinye isikhathi okufakwa kungamamitha ayi-11. Endaweni enjalo, ngaphandle kwe-sedge ne-moss, kukhula iphayini, i-birch ne-alder.
Ngakho-ke, kunenqwaba yamaxhaphozi emhlabeni wezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-peat yakhiwa kubo, kepha hhayi wonke amaxhaphozi angama-peat bogs. Ama-peat bogs uqobo asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabantu ukukhipha amaminerali, abese esetshenziswa ezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene zomnotho nezimboni.
