Ukongiwa kwemithombo yemvelo kufaka nezethi zezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokugcina imvelo emhlabeni wethu. Njalo ngonyaka, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kuya ngokuya kufaneleka, ngoba isimo sayo siya siba sibi, kanti noMhlaba uya ngokuya uhlupheka ngemisebenzi esebenzayo ye-anthropogenic. Izenzo zemvelo zihloselwe:
- ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, kanye nokukhuthaza ukwanda kwabantu;
- ukuhlanzwa kwamachibi;
- ukongiwa kwamahlathi;
- ukuhlanzwa komkhathi;
- ukunqoba izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba nezendawo.
Imisebenzi yezemvelo
Ukuvikela imithombo yemvelo, kuyadingeka ukubhekana nale nkinga ngendlela ehlanganisiwe. Isayensi yemvelo, ezokuphatha nezomthetho, ezomnotho neminye imicimbi ibanjwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Lezi zenzo zenziwa emazingeni amathathu: owamazwe omhlaba, kazwelonke nowesifunda.
Ngokokuqala ngqá, izenzo zokongiwa kwemvelo zenziwa ngo-1868 e-Austria-Hungary, lapho amaTatra ayevikelwe khona izimpethu nezimbaza. Ipaki yezwe okokuqala ngqa emlandweni yadalwa e-United States of America ngo-1872. Le yiYellowstone Park. Lezi zinyathelo zathathwa, ngoba ngisho nangaleso sikhathi abantu babeqonda ukuthi izinguquko kwezemvelo zingaholela hhayi kuphela ekukhetheni, kepha nasekunyamalaleni okuphelele kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wethu.
Ngokuqondene neRussia, zonke izinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuvikela nokugcina imithombo yemvelo zenziwa ngokulandela umthetho "On ukuvikelwa kwemvelo", kusebenze kusukela ngo-1991. Ezifundeni nasezifundeni eziningi zeRussian Federation (Far East, Saratov, Volgograd, Cherepovets, IYaroslavl, izifunda zaseNizhny Novgorod, njll.), Amahhovisi abashushisi bezemvelo ayakhiwa.
Ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba ekuvikeleni imvelo kwenziwa izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke ngalokhu ngo-1948 i-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) yadalwa. Igalelo elibalulekile ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo nobukhulu babantu lenziwa yi "Red Book". Uhlu olunjalo lushicilelwa izifundazwe nezifunda ngazinye, futhi kukhona nohlu lomhlaba lwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. I-UN ihlanganisa imisebenzi yezemvelo ezingeni lomhlaba wonke ngokuhlela izingqungquthela ezahlukahlukene kanye nokwakha izinhlangano ezikhethekile.
Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuvikelwa kwe-biosphere, ezenziwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba, yilezi ezilandelayo:
- ukunciphisa umkhawulo emkhathini kanye ne-hydrosphere;
- kunciphisa ukuzingelwa kwezilwane nokubamba izinhlanzi;
- kunciphisa ukulahlwa kukadoti;
- ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezingcwele, iziqiwi namapaki esizwe.
Umphumela
Akuzona zonke izifundazwe ezibamba iqhaza ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, kepha futhi nezinhlangano ezingazodwana zokubaluleka kwamazwe omhlaba nezasekhaya. Kodwa-ke, abantu bayakhohlwa ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kuncike kulowo nalowo kithi, futhi siyakwazi ukuvikela imvelo ekubhujisweni nasekubhujisweni.
