I-hydrosphere ihlanganisa wonke amadamu eplanethi yethu, kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, umusi kanye namagesi asemkhathini, izinguzunga zeqhwa. Le mithombo ibalulekile ukuze imvelo ixhase impilo. Manje izinga lamanzi liye lehla kakhulu ngenxa yemisebenzi ye-anthropogenic. Ngenxa yalokhu, sikhuluma ngezinkinga eziningi zomhlaba ze-hydrosphere:
- ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali ngamanzi;
- Ukungcoliswa kwenuzi;
- udoti nokungcola kwemfucuza;
- ukubhujiswa kwezimbali nezilwane ezihlala emanzini;
- ukungcoliswa kukawoyela ngamanzi;
- ukushoda kwamanzi okuphuza.
Zonke lezi zinkinga zidalwa yikhwalithi empofu namanzi anele emhlabeni. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba, okuyi-70.8%, imbozwe ngamanzi, akubona bonke abantu abanamanzi okuphuza anele. Iqiniso ukuthi amanzi ezilwandle nolwandle anosawoti kakhulu futhi awaphuzi. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa amanzi amachibi amasha nemithombo engaphansi komhlaba. Emithonjeni yamanzi emhlabeni, yi-1% kuphela etholakala emanzini amasha. Ngokwethi, elinye i-2% lamanzi aqinile ezinguzungeni zeqhwa liyaphuzeka uma lincibilikiswa futhi lihlanzwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezimbonini
Izinkinga ezinkulu zemithombo yamanzi ukuthi zisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini: insimbi kanye nobunjiniyela bemishini, amandla nezimboni zokudla, kwezolimo nakwimboni yamakhemikhali. Amanzi asetshenzisiwe kaningi awasakulungeli ukusetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo. Vele, lapho ekhishwa, amabhizinisi awakuhlanza, ngakho-ke amanzi angcolile ezolimo nawezimboni agcina eLwandle Lomhlaba.
Enye yezinkinga zemithombo yamanzi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzinsiza zomphakathi. Akuwona wonke amazwe abantu abahlinzekwa ngamanzi, futhi amapayipi ashiya kungathandeki. Ngokuqondene nendle namapayipi, angena ngqo emizimbeni yamanzi ngaphandle kokuzihlanza.
Ukubaluleka kokuvikelwa kwemizimba yamanzi
Ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ze-hydrosphere, kuyadingeka ukuvikela imithombo yamanzi. Lokhu kwenziwa ezingeni likahulumeni, kepha abantu abavamile nabo bangenza okuncane:
- ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi embonini;
- sebenzisa ngokufanele imithombo yamanzi;
- hlanza amanzi angcolile (amanzi angcolile asezimbonini nasekhaya);
- hlanza izindawo zamanzi;
- ukuqeda imiphumela yezingozi ezingcolisa imizimba yamanzi;
- konga amanzi ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke;
- ungashiyi ompompi bamanzi bevulekile.
Lezi yizenzo zokuvikela amanzi azosiza ukugcina iplanethi yethu iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (kusuka emanzini), ngakho-ke, kuzoqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwempilo emhlabeni.
