Umndeni we-Artiodactyl ngokwesiko, ama-suborder amathathu ahlukanisiwe: okungezona izinto ezikhanyayo, amakamela nezilwane ezikhanyayo.
Ngokuvamile Ama-artiodactyl angakhanyi aqukethe imindeni emithathu ekhona: ISuidae (izingulube), iTayassuidae (ababhaki abahlanganisiwe) nezimvubu (izimvubu). Ezinteleni eziningi zesimanje, izimvubu zibekwa endaweni yazo engaphansi, eCetancodonta. Okuwukuphela kweqembu elikhona ngamakamela umndeni waseCamelidae (amakamela, ama-llamas, namakamela asendle).
I-suborder ye-ruminants imelwe yimindeni enjenge: I-Giraffidae (izindlulamithi ne-okapis), i-Cervidae (izinyamazane), i-Tragulidae (inyamazane encane ne-fawn), i-Antilocapridae (i-pronghorns) ne-Bovidae (i-antelopes, izinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi).
Amaqembu amancane ahluka ngezici ezihlukile. Izingulube (izingulube nababhaki) zigcine izinzwane ezine ezilingana ngokulingana, zinama-molars alula, imilenze emifushane, kanye nama-canine akhulisiwe kaningi. Amakamela nezilwane ezikhanyisayo zivame ukuba nezitho ezinde, zinyathela ngeminwe emibili kuphela (yize emibili yangaphandle igcinwa njengeminwe engajwayelekile esetshenziswayo), futhi inezihlathi namazinyo ayinkimbinkimbi efanelekile ukugaya utshani obunzima.
Isici
Angobani ama-artiodactyls futhi kungani abizwa kanjalo? Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivela emndenini we-artiodactyl nezilwane ezinama-equid?
I-Artiodactyl (ama-artiodactyls, ama-artiodactyls, ama-cetopods (lat. ICartartiodactyla)) - igama lesilwane esincelisayo esinenselo, ikakhulukazi esidla utshani, somhlaba esise-oda i-Artiodactyla, esine-astragalus enamapulisi amabili (ithambo ekuhlanganeni kweqakala) enenani elilinganayo leminwe esebenzayo (2 noma 4). I-eksisi esemqoka yesitho igijima phakathi kweminwe emibili ephakathi. Ama-Artiodactyls anezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-220 futhi yizilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba eziningi kakhulu. Zibaluleke kakhulu ekudleni, kwezomnotho nakwezamasiko. Abantu basebenzisa izinhlobo ezifuywayo ukudla, ukukhiqiza ubisi, uboya, umanyolo, imithi kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo. Izinhlobo zasendle, njengezinyamazane nezinyamazane, azihlinzeki ngokudla okuningi kangako njengoba zanelisa isasasa lokuzingela kwezemidlalo, ziyisimangaliso semvelo. Ama-artiodactyls asendle adlala indima kuma-webs wokudla asemhlabeni.
Ubudlelwano be-symbiotic nama-microorganisms kanye namapheshana amade okugaya ukudla anamagumbi amaningi esiswini avumela ama-artiodactyl amaningi ukuthi ondle kuphela ekudleni kwezitshalo, izinto zokugaya (njenge-cellulose) ebezingaba nenani elincane lokudla okunempilo. Ama-microorganisms ahlinzekela amaprotheni ezilwane ezinamazinyo ahlukene, ama-microbes athola indawo yokuhlala kanye nokungeniswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto zezitshalo, ekugayweni kwazo.
I-Addax
Ibhantshi licwebezela kusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokumpofu onsundu ngokukhanyayo, likhanya ehlobo futhi limnyama ebusika. Isigaxa, umzimba ophansi, izitho nezindebe kumhlophe.
I-Sable antelope
Izinhlobo zomndeni omncane zinomzimba nomhlwenga ofana nowehhashi futhi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-equine antelopes. Abesilisa nabesifazane babukeka ngokufanayo futhi banezimpondo.
Inhlwathi yamahhashi
Umzimba ophezulu ungwevu ngombala onsundu. Imilenze imnyama. Isisu simhlophe. Umhlwenga oqondile onezeluleko ezimnyama entanyeni nasebunzimeni, kanye "nentshebe" ekhanyayo emqaleni.
Inqama ye-Altai
Inqama yasendle enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, enezimpondo ezinkulu, ezinkulu ezizungezwe emaphethelweni angaphambili, lukathayela, lapho selukhule ngokuphelele, lwakha isiyingi esigcwele.
Inqama yentaba
Umbala usuka kokukhanyayo okuphuzi uye kokumpunga ngokumpunga okumnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ijazi limhlophe (ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala). Iphansi limhlophe futhi lihlukaniswe ngomugqa omnyama ezinhlangothini.
Inyathi
Izinwele ezimnyama nsundu ezifika ku-50 cm ubude, zinde futhi zi-shaggy emahlombe, imilenze yangaphambili, intamo namahlombe. Amathole anombala obomvu ngokukhanyayo ngokubomvu.
imvubu
Ingemuva kunsomi ngokunsomi ngokumpunga, ngombala opinki ngezansi. Esifubeni kukhona izindawo ezibomvana, ikakhulukazi ezungeze amehlo, izindlebe nezihlathi. Isikhumba cishe asinaboya, siswakanyiswe yizindlala ezinamafinyila.
Imvubu kaPygmy
Isikhumba esibushelelezi, esingenaboya, esinsundu ngokumnyama ngokunsomi, nezihlathi eziphinki. Uketshezi lwamafinyila ligcina isikhumba siswakeme futhi sicwebezela.
IBongo
Uboya obucwebezelayo obufushane bombala o-red-chestnut ojulile, omnyama emadodeni amadala, anemivimbo emhlophe emi mpo engu-10-15 emzimbeni.
I-Buffalo indian
Lezi zinyathi zimpunga ngombala ompunga ngombala omnyama, zinkulu futhi zimise okwomgqomo, zinemilenze emifushane. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Inyathi yomAfrika
Imibala isukela kokumnyama nsundu noma okumnyama (kuma-savanna) kuya kobomvu ngokugqamile (inyathi yehlathi). Umzimba uyasinda, unemilenze eqinile, ikhanda elikhulu nentamo emfushane.
I-Gazelle Grant
Zibonisa ukwakheka kocansi okuphawulekayo: ubude bezimpondo emadodeni buvela kumasentimitha angama-50 kuya kwangama-80, obunokuma okuhle, okuhle kakhulu.
UGoral Amur
Kuyisilwane esisengozini, esisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke iNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kufaka phakathi iNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, iRussia Far East kanye neNhlonhlo yaseKorea.
UGerenuk
Unentamo nezitho ezinde, isifonyo esicijile, esenzelwe ukudla amaqabunga amancane ezihlahleni ezinameva nasezihlahleni, amade kakhulu kwezinye izinhlwathi.
I-Jeyran
Umzimba onsundu okhanyayo umnyama ubheke esiswini, izitho zimhlophe. Umsila umnyama, ubonakale eduze kwezinqe ezimhlophe, ukhuphuka ngokugxuma.
Amanye ama-artiodactyls
UDikdick uboshwe ngamabhande abomvu
Izinwele zomzimba kusuka kokumpunga ngokunsundu kuya konsundu ngokubomvu. Ikhanda nemilenze kunsundu ngokuphuzi. Ngezansi, kufaka phakathi ingaphakathi lemilenze nesilevu, kumhlophe.
UDzeren Mongolian
Uboya obukhanya ngokukhanyayo bupinki ehlobo, bude (bufike ku-5 cm) bese buba buphaphathekile ebusika. Ingqimba ephezulu emnyama inyamalala kancane kancane iye ezansi emhlophe.
Ikamela le-Bactrian (i-bactrian)
Amabanga amajazi amade anombala kusuka konsundu emnyama kuya kusihlabathi beige. Kukhona umhlwenga entanyeni, intshebe emphinjeni. Ubusika bobusika obuthakathaka busentwasahlobo.
Indlulamithi
Umndeni uhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: izindlulamithi ezihlala e-savanna (Giraffa camelopardalis) kanye ne-okapi ehlala ehlathini (Okapia johnstoni).
Inyathi
Uboya buminyene futhi bunsundu ngokumnyama noma nsundu ngokusagolide. Intamo imfishane futhi iminyene ngezinwele ezinde, ithweswe umqhele ngehlombe.
Roe
Izinwele ezimpunga ezijiyile emzimbeni, ezimhlophe esiswini, azinamaki. Imilenze nekhanda kunombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo, kanti izingalo zangaphambili zimnyama.
Imbuzi ye-Alpine
Ubude bejazi buncike kwisizini, bufushane futhi abugqinsi ehlobo, bushibilika nezinwele ezinde ebusika. Ehlobo, ijazi linombala ophuzi onsundu, imilenze iba mnyama.
Ingulube yasendle
Ijazi elinsundu liyakhasa futhi limnyama, liba mpunga ngeminyaka. Isifonyo, izihlathi nomphimbo kubonakala mpunga ngezinwele ezimhlophe. Ingemuva liyindilinga, imilenze mide, ikakhulukazi kuma-subspecies asenyakatho.
Izinyamazane ze-Musk
Umbala uhluka kusuka kokukhanyayo okuphuzi ngokukhanyayo kuye kucishe kube mnyama, ngombala onsundu omnyama yiwona ovame kakhulu. Ikhanda lilula.
U-Elk
Izindlala ezisemilenzeni yangemuva zikhipha ama-enzyme, izindlala ze-tarsal zisencane. Umjikelezo we-horny unekhefu phakathi nesikhathi lapho izimpondo zichithwa nokuqala kokukhula kombhangqwana omusha.
Doe
Umbala wejazi uhlukile impela; ama-subspecies ahlukaniswa ngawo. Uboya bumhlophe ngokukhanyayo, nsundu ngokubomvu noma i-chestnut entanyeni.
UMilu (inyamazane kaDavid)
Ehlobo, i-milo iyabukeka ibe nsundu ngokubomvu. Banokukhethekile - emzimbeni kunengubo ende evikelayo ye-wavy, ayikhuphi.
I-Reindeer
Uboya obuyizingqimba ezimbili buqukethe ungqimba oluvikelayo lwezinwele eziqondile, eziyizigaxa kanye nengubo yangaphansi. Imilenze imnyama, kanjalo nomugqa ogijima esifubeni esiphansi.
Izinyamazane zibonwe
Umbala wejazi mpunga, i-chestnut, i-red-olive. Isilevu, isisu nomphimbo kumhlophe qwa. Amabala amhlophe ezinhlangothini ezingenhla ahlelwe ngemigqa engu-7 noma engu-8.
Okapi
Uboya obumbala obomvu bunombala onsundu we-chestnut noma obomvu okwesibhakabhaka ngephethini yesici efana nedube yemivimbo evundlile emilenzeni engenhla.
Ikamela elilodwa elincishisiwe (i-dromedar)
Izinwele ze-beige ezibushelelezi noma ezinsundu ezilwaneni zasendle, ezingaphansi okukhanyayo. Ekuthunjweni, amakamela anombala onsundu noma amhlophe.
UPuku
Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, kanti abesilisa abavuthiwe banentamo eminyene, enemisipha. Ijazi elimahhadlahhadla linsundu ngokusagolide ngephansi elingaphaphathekile.
AmaChamois
Ijazi elifushane, elibushelelezi eliphuzi noma elibomvu ngokunsundu ehlobo liphenduka libe nsundu kashokoledi ebusika.
I-Saiga
Uboya bungaphansi kwesigaxa sangaphansi soboya noboya obumahhadla, obuvikela ezimweni sezulu. Uboya basehlobo buyivelakancane uma kuqhathaniswa. Ebusika, uboya bude ngokuphindwe kabili futhi bungu-70% obukhulu.
IHimalaya tar
Ijazi lasebusika libomvu ngokubomvu noma onsundu ngombala futhi linengubo yangaphansi ejiyile. Abesilisa bakhula umhlwenga omude, oshisayo entanyeni nasemahlombe, owehlela phansi imilenze yangaphambili.
Yak
Ijazi elimnyama ngokunsundu liminyene futhi lishonile, ngama-yaks asekhaya ahluka ngombala. Ama-yaks "asagolide" ayivelakancane ngokweqile.
Ukubhebhetheka
Kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, umndeni we-artiodactyl usegxilile. Kwethulwe ngabantu, bafuywa futhi badedelwa endle e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Kulezi zinhlobo, iziqhingi zasolwandle akuyona indawo yemvelo, kepha naseziqhingini ezincane ezikude oLwandle, abamele lezi zinhlobo bayaphila. Ama-Artiodactyls ahlala ezindaweni eziningi zemvelo kusuka e-arctic tundra kuya emahlathini emvula, kufaka phakathi izingwadule, izigodi nezintaba zezintaba.
Izilwane zihlala ngamaqembu, noma ngabe amaqembu anqunyelwe kubantu ababili noma abathathu. Kodwa-ke, ubulili buvame ukunquma ukwakheka. Abesilisa abadala bahlala ngokwehlukana nabesifazane nezilwane ezisencane.
