Wake wazibuza ukuthi iziphi izinyoni ezibizwa ngokuthi izinyoni zezingoma? Ukwahlulela ngamagama alabo abangacula. Kepha kuvele ukuthi bekungelula kangako. Kepha masingagcini uzungu. Izinyoni zezingoma igama elenzelwe izinyoni ezingenza imisindo emnandi. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-5000, eziyizinkulungwane ezine zazo ezinga-oda labantu abadlulayo.
Ama-Songbirds aseRussia abalelwa ezinhlotsheni ezingaba amakhulu amathathu emindenini engama-28. Encane kunazo zonke ibhungane elinamakhanda aphuzi, elinesisindo esingu-5-6g, kanti elikhulu kunawo wonke igwababa, elinesisindo esifinyelela kwisigamu esisodwa nohhafu. Ingabe umangele? Noma ucabanga ukuthi imisindo yakhe akuyona eyomculo? Ngakho-ke ake sithole ukuthi obani ama-ornithologists abiza izinyoni zezingoma nokuthi kungani.
Yakhiwa kanjani imisindo?
Ngokungafani nezinyoni ezejwayelekile, izinyoni zezingoma zine-syrinx - isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-larynx engezansi, esinemisipha efinyelela kwayisikhombisa. Lesi sitho sitholakala esifubeni, ekugcineni okuphansi koqhoqhoqho, eduze kwenhliziyo. I-Syrinx iqukethe umthombo ohlukile womsindo ku-bronchus ngayinye. Vocalization kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphefumula ngokuhambisa amafolda angaphakathi nalawo asemaceleni ekugcineni kwe-bronchus. Izindonga ziyizicucu zezicubu ezixekethile ezithi, lapho kwethulwa umoya, zidale ukudlidlizela okwenza umsindo. Imisipha ngayinye ilawulwa ubuchopho, obenza izinyoni zikwazi ukulawula imishini yazo yezwi.
Iningi lezinyoni zezingoma lincane ukuya ngosayizi ophakathi, linombala onesizotha nezimpaphe eziminyene. Uqhwaku lungenayo i-wax. Kwabamele izinambuzane, kuvame ukuba mncane, kugobeke. Kuma-granivores, kuyindilinga futhi kunamandla.
Kungani izinyoni zicula?
Njengomthetho, abesilisa kuphela abaculela izinyoni eziningi zezingoma. Vocalization ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinselelo zokuxhumana. Okumnandi kakhulu futhi okumnandi ukucula kwabesilisa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Kukholakala ukuthi ngokwenza njalo ukhombisa ukulungela ukuhlangana nensikazi futhi uxwayisa izimbangi ukuthi le ntokazi imatasa kule ndawo. Ngenye indlela, ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi abesilisa bagcine abesifazane benentshisekelo ngokucula.
Kunezimpawu ezihlukile ezazisa abanye abesilisa ngokuhlasela kwendawo yangaphandle. Ukucula kuvamise ukuthathelwa indawo yimpi engokoqobo, lapho umphikisi ongafuneki ekhishelwa ngaphandle nje.
Kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, bobabili abalingani bayacula, lokhu kusebenza kulabo abanombala ofanayo noma abakha i-pair yokuphila. Ngokucatshangwayo, yile ndlela ukuxhumana kwabo okuqiniswa ngayo, ukuxhumana namachwane nabanye abantu kwenzeka. Izinhlobo eziningi zedlelo zinezingoma "zendiza".
Amazwi ezinyoni
Ngenkathi izinyoni zezingoma zihlanganisa abaculi abahle kakhulu, njenge- nightingale noma i- thrush, ezinye zinamazwi anokhahlo, anyanyekayo noma awunawo nhlobo umsindo. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni zibonakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezwi, nobukhulu bezwi, uhlobo ngalunye oluzihlanganisa nomculo ozuzwe yilo kuphela. Ezinye izinyoni zikhawulelwe kumanothi ambalwa, ezinye zingaphansi kwama-octave aphelele. Izinyoni, ukuculwa okuqukethe imisindo engasho lutho, isibonelo, ondlunkulu abakhuliswe ngisho nasekuthunjweni, lapho befika eminyakeni ethile, baqala ukucula njengoba bekulindelekile. Abaculi abaningi abanesiphiwo, njengama-nightingales, nakanjani kuzodingeka bafunde lobu buciko kubafowabo abadala.
Kusungulwe iqiniso elihehayo, eliphakamisa ukuthi ukuculwa kwezinyoni ezifanayo ngaphandle kuhluke kakhulu, futhi kulezo ezihlukile ngokubukeka, kungafana. Lesi sici sivimbela izinyoni ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana ekuhlanganiseni nabamele olunye uhlobo.
Izinyoni Zengoma zaseRussia
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, cishe zingu-300 izinyoni zezingoma endaweni yeRussian Federation. Zitholakala yonke indawo. Uma ubheka esifundeni, khona-ke ngokwemvelo, akubona bonke abaguqulwa ngesimo sezulu esisodwa. Othile uthanda imithambeka yezintaba, amanye amathafa abanzi.
Abamele abavame kakhulu bama-lark, ama-wagtails, ama-waxwings, izinyoni ezimnyama, i-titmice, i-oatmeal, izinkanyezi nezintambo:
ULark
Ukugwinya
I-Wagtail
I-Thrush
UNightingale
URobin
I-Flycatcher
Okuhlabayo
I-Oriole
Igwababa
UJackdaw
UJay
Magpie
Ezinye izinhlobo zifakwe ohlwini lweRed Book futhi zisengozini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-paradise flycatcher, imali enkulu, ibhande likaYankovsky, i-tit edwetshiwe nezinye.
