Katta, indandatho yomsila, noma i-lemur enomsila - amagama ezilwane ezihlekisayo ezivela eMadagascar zizwakala zahlukahlukene. Lapho abantu bendawo bekhuluma ngama-lemurs, bababiza ngopopayi. Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane eziyimfihlakalo zihamba ebusuku, ziye zafaniswa nezipoki kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Uphawu lwe-lemur ngumsila omude onemigqa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-lemur enomsila
Igama elithi "lemur" lisho okubi, isipoki, umoya kamufi. Ngokomlando, izilwane ezingenabungozi zibizwa ngokungafanele ngokubi ngoba nje zazethusa abahambi baseRoma yasendulo, ababeqale ukuvakashela iMadagascar. AbaseYurophu bahamba ngomkhumbi baya esiqhingini ebusuku futhi bethuswa kakhulu ngamehlo akhanyayo nemisindo esabekayo evela ehlathini lasebusuku. Ukwesaba kunamehlo amakhulu futhi kusukela lapho izilwane ezinhle zesiqhingi zabizwa ngama-lemurs.
I-lem-tailed lemur ingeyomndeni wama-lemurid futhi futhi iyilungu kuphela lohlobo lwe-lemur. Ama-poppies yizilwane ezincelisayo, izimbongolo ezinamanzi aphansi ezivela emndenini we-lemur. Yizilwane ezinamakhala ezimanzi eziphakathi kwezinkawu zasendulo emhlabeni. Bangabizwa kufanele ngokuthi ngabomdabu baseMadagascar. Ososayensi baphawula ngokusho kwezinsalela zamathambo asendulo ama-lemurs asendulo ukuthi ama-primates afana ne-lemur ahlala eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-60 eyedlule e-Afrika.
Ividiyo: I-lemur enomsila
Lapho iMadagascar isuka e-Afrika, izilwane-ke zathuthela esiqhingini. Sekukonke, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zama-lemurs. Ngokungenelela komuntu endaweni ehlala izilwane zasendle, inani lalezi zilwane laqala ukwehla. Izinhlobo eziyi-16 ezinjenge-lemur ziye zanyamalala.
Imindeni emithathu yama-lemurs yaphela:
- megadalapis (koala lemurs) - bafa eminyakeni eyi-12 000 eyedlule, isisindo sabo singama-75 kg, badla ukudla kwezitshalo;
- i-paleopropithecines (uhlobo lwe-archiondri) - yanyamalala ngekhulu le-16 lesikhathi sethu;
- archeolemuric - yaphila kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-XII, isisindo sama-25 kg, indawo yokuhlala - sonke isiqhingi, ama-omnivores.
Izinhlobo ezisheshayo ezinyamalale kakhulu zama-lemurs, ezazifana negorilla ngosayizi onesisindo esifinyelela ku-200 kg. Bebehola kakhulu impilo yasemini. Babedidekile. Baba yizisulu zabazingeli balezo zikhathi - izingcweti zenyama nezikhumba eziqinile zalezi zinkawu.
Izinhlobo zama-lemurs ezisindile esikhathini sethu zihlukaniswe imindeni emihlanu:
- i-lemur;
- into encane
- ezimise ngo-aye;
- indrie;
- phumulemaphumulo
Namuhla, lesi siqhingi sinezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu zezinkawu ezinjenge-lemur. Okuncane kunakho konke i-pygmy lemur kanti enkulu kunazo zonke yi-indri. Izinhlobo ezintsha ezintsha zama-lemurs ziyatholakala futhi izinhlobo eziyi-10-20 ezengeziwe zizochazwa ngokuzayo. Ama-Lemurid awaqondakali kahle uma eqhathaniswa namanye ama-primates.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-lemur enomsila waseMadagascar
Ama-Lemurs afana nezinkawu ezivela kwenye iplanethi. Ngenxa yamehlo amakhulu, aqoshwe ngemibuthano emnyama, afana nezihambi. Bangabhekwa njengezihlobo, kepha bayizilwane ezihluke ngokuphelele futhi ziyahlukahluka ngezici eziningi. Isikhathi eside, izinkawu ezinamakhala ezimanzi zaziphanjaniswa nezimfene. Umehluko omkhulu ngezimbongolo ikhala elimanzi njengezinja nomuzwa othuthukiswe kahle kakhulu wephunga.
Ama-lemurs ahlanganisiwe abonakala kalula ngomsila wawo omude, onamahlathi, ohlotshiswe ngemivimbo eboshiwe emnyama nomhlophe. Umsila uphakanyiswe njenge-antenna futhi ugobile ngokuvunguza. Ngosizo lomsila, bakhomba indawo abakuyo, ibhalansi ezihlahleni nalapho begxuma besuka egatsheni baya kwelinye. Umsila wama-lemurs uyadingeka ngesikhathi sokulwa "okunukayo", ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Uma kupholile ebusuku, noma ekuseni kakhulu, khona-ke izilwane ziyafudunyezwa ngosizo lomsila, kube sengathi zigqoke ijazi loboya. Umsila mude kunomzimba wesilwane. Isilinganiso esilinganiselwa ku-40: 60 cm.
Ama-Lemurs mancane, alungile - alungele ukusebenza njengamakati. Imvelo inikeze lezi zilwane umbala omuhle. Umbala womsila uvela embundwini: eduze kwamehlo nasemlonyeni kukhona umbala omnyama, nezihlathi nezindlebe kumhlophe. Umhlane ungaba mpunga noma onsundu ngemibala epinki.
Uhlangothi olungaphakathi lomzimba we-lemur enomsila lumbozwe ngobuhle ngezinwele ezimhlophe. Futhi kuphela ikhanda nentamo okuyimpunga emnyama ngokuphelele. I-muzzle ibukhali, ikhumbuza i-chanterelle. Ijazi leli lifushane, liwugqinsi, lithambile, njengoboya.
Ezidladleni ezineminwe emihlanu, ukwakheka kwezitho zomzimba ezinjengezinkawu. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ama-lemurs abambelela ngokuqinile emagatsheni ezihlahla futhi abamba kalula ukudla. Izintende zimbozwe ngesikhumba esimnyama ngaphandle koboya. Ezinzwaneni ze-katta, izinzipho futhi kuphela kuzwane lwesibili lwezitho zangemuva kukhula uzipho. Izilwane ziyisebenzisela ukuhlanganisa uboya bazo obukhulu. Amazinyo ama-lemurs atholakala ngokukhethekile: ama-incisors aphansi asondele ngokuphawulekayo futhi athambekele, futhi phakathi kwalawa aphezulu kukhona i-lumen enkulu, etholakala ezansi kwekhala. Imvamisa, ama-lemurs alolu hlobo anesisindo esingu-2.2 kg, kanti isisindo esiphezulu sifinyelela ku-3.5 kg, futhi umsila unesisindo esingu-1.5 kg.
Ihlala kuphi i-lemurs?
Isithombe: Umndeni we-Lemur feline
Ama-Lemurs agcwele. Ezimweni zemvelo, bahlala esiqhingini saseMadagascar kuphela. Isimo sezulu sesiqhingi asizinzile. Lina kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba, amazinga okushisa anethezeke kakhulu ngemvula encane. Ingxenye esempumalanga yesiqhingi ilawulwa amahlathi ashisayo nesimo sezulu esiswakeme. Ingxenye emaphakathi yalesi siqhingi yomile, ipholile, futhi amasimu elayisi agcwele izinkambu. Ama-Lemurs azivumelanise nezimo ukuze aphile ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.
Ama-lemurs angumsila akhethe ukuhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMadagascar. Bathathe ingxenye yesithathu yesiqhingi. Bahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezibandayo, ezixubekile, ezindaweni ezomile ezivulekile ezimbozwe ngamahlathi, kusuka eFort Dauphin kuya eMonradova.
Lezi zifunda ziphethwe yizihlahla ze-tamarind, izithelo zazo namaqabunga kungukudla okuthandwa ama-lemurs, kanye nezinye izihlahla ezinkulu ezifinyelela ku-25 m ukuphakama. Amahlathi eshrub ayomile futhi aphansi ukuphakama.
Kunabantu abaningi bama-lemurs anomsila ezintabeni zase-Andringitra. Bathanda ukuzulazula emithambekeni yezintaba. Ngekhono weqa amatshe abukhali, ungalimazi impilo yabo. Imvelo yashintsha ngokufika kwabantu esiqhingini. Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo kwaqala ukudala amadlelo nomhlaba wezolimo.
Idla ngani i-lemur enomsila
Isithombe: Ama-lemurs anomsila
Ngokudla okuningi kwezitshalo, ama-lemurs enza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Ziyizilwane ezi-omnivorous. Abadla imifino abaningi kunabantu abadla inyama. Ukuhlala emahlathini amakhulu kuchaza ukukhetha okunothile kokudla okuhlukahlukene. Konke abakutholayo eduze kwabo kuyadliwa. Izithelo ezincane zidliwa ngokubamba imilenze yangaphambili. Uma isithelo sikhulu, bahlala esihlahleni basilume kancane bengasikhethi.
Ukudla kwe-lemur enomsila
- Izithelo (ubhanana, amakhiwane);
- amajikijolo;
- izimbali;
- i-cacti;
- izitshalo herbaceous;
- amaqabunga namagxolo ezihlahla;
- amaqanda ezinyoni;
- izibungu zezinambuzane, izinambuzane (izicabucabu, izintethe);
- ama-vertebrate amancane (onogwaja, izinyoni ezincane).
Uma kwenzeka ubusika, noma ukuntuleka kokudla, ama-lemurs ahlala enezinqolobane zamafutha nezakhi emsileni wawo. Ama-katt afuyisiwe afakwa ngokungeziwe ngemikhiqizo yobisi efakwe isibisi, ama-porridges obisi, ama-yogathi, amaqanda ezigwaca, imifino ehlukahlukene, inyama ebilisiwe, inhlanzi nesinkwa. Izithelo zeCitrus ziyazithanda kakhulu. Bangamazinyo amakhulu amnandi. Bazokujabulela ukujabulela izithelo ezomisiwe, uju, amantongomane. Ngeke badele izilwane ezahlukahlukene: amaphela, amakhilikithi, izimbungulu zikafulawa, amagundane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ama-lemurs anomsila wensimbi iMadagascar
Ama-lemurs omsila weringi ayasebenza usuku lonke, kepha noma kunjalo, indlela yokuphila yasebusuku ivame kakhulu kuma-poppies. Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, aqala ukusebenza. Umbono wabo wenzelwe ukuthi babone ebusuku njengasemini. Imizuzu embalwa yokulala emini yanele ukuthi izilwane zihlale ziphapheme futhi. Ngesikhathi sokulala, zifihla ikhanda phakathi kwemilenze bese zizisonga ngomsila wazo onamahlahla.
Ngemuva kokuphola kobusuku ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga lasekuseni, ama-lemurs ayafudumala ndawonye futhi ajabulele ukufudumala. Ama-poppies ashiswa yilanga, abeka isifonyo sabo phambili, asakaze imilenze yabo, akhombe isisu sabo elangeni, lapho kunoboya obuncane khona. Ukusuka ngaphandle, yonke into ibukeka ihlekisa, kubukeka njengokuzindla. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwelanga, babheka okuthile abangakudla bese bexubha uboya babo isikhathi eside. Ama-Lemurs yizilwane ezihlanzekile kakhulu.
Ngengozi nje encane, eyeduna yenza izindlebe zayo zizungeze, yehlise bese ishaya umsila wayo ngokusongela. Njengoba zihlala ezindaweni ezomile, opapa bachitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini kunezihlahla. Babheka ukudla, baphumule futhi baqiniseke ukuthi bayashiswa yilanga. Bahamba kalula ngemilenze yabo yangaphambili, imvamisa kwemine. Zihlanganisa amabanga amade. Bathanda ukudla ezihlahleni futhi bagxume besuka esihlahleni baye kwesinye. Benza kalula ukweqa kwamamitha amahlanu. Ama-poppies akhasa emagatsheni amancane ezihlahla, ngisho nezinsana, abambelela ngemuva kwezinye izihlobo.
Ama-lemurs we-ring-tailed awavamile ukuhlala wedwa. Banobungane kakhulu futhi ukuze baphile endaweni enzima abavame ukuyiqoqa ngamaqembu abantu abayisithupha kuya kwabangamashumi amathathu. Abesifazane bahlala endaweni ehamba phambili.
Njengamanye ama-lemurs, ama-felines nawo anomqondo othuthuke kakhulu wephunga. Ngosizo lwephunga elikhishiwe, baxazulula inkinga yobukhosi kanye nokuvikelwa kwendawo yabo. Iqembu ngalinye linendawo yalo emakwe. Abesilisa bashiya amamaki anukayo eziqwini zemithi ngemfihlo yezindlala ze-axillary, phambilini besiklwebile isihlahla ngezinzipho zabo. Iphunga akuyona ukuphela kwendlela yokulebula izindawo zabo.
Ama-Lemurs axhumana nomngcele wesayithi lawo esebenzisa imisindo. Imisindo iyahlekisa - kubonakala sengathi inja ifuna ukukhonkotha, kepha kuvela njengokumila kwekati. Ama-poppies angabubula, ahlanze, ahewule, anciphise, futhi enze nemisindo echofoza. Ngokuya ngenani labantu, izilwane zihlala endaweni ethile yokuhlala, ezisukela kumahektha ayisithupha kuya kwangamashumi amabili. Ama-Lemurs ahlala efuna ukudla. Umhlambi ngezikhathi ezithile, cishe ikhilomitha, ushintsha indawo yawo yokuhlala.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby Lemur
Ukubusa kwabesifazane abadala kunabesilisa kutholakala ngaphandle kokuhlukunyezwa. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka engama-2-3. Ukuzala kwama-lemurs kuphezulu. Insikazi izala minyaka yonke. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Abesilisa, abalwela insikazi, bakhipha uketshezi olunephunga elibi ngendlela eyisimanga komunye nomunye kusuka ezingubeni zomsila. Ophumelele nguyena onephunga elibukhali. Abesifazane bahlangana nabesilisa abaningana.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezine kowesifazane. Umsebenzi uqala ngo-Agasti uphele ngoSepthemba. Esikhathini esiningi, kuzalwa umdlwane owodwa, angavamisile amabili anesisindo esifinyelela ku-120 g. Amantshontsho azalwa ebona, embozwe ngoboya.
Izinsuku zokuqala zosana olusanda kuzalwa zigqokwa ngumama esiswini sakhe. Ibambelela uboya bayo ngezidladla zayo, kuthi eyensikazi ibambe ingane ngomsila wayo. Kusukela esontweni lesibili, ingane emincane iya emhlane wayo. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili, i-lemurch ibivele yenza ama-foray azimele futhi ivakashela umama wayo lapho efuna ukudla noma ukulala. Abesifazane bama-katta lemurs bangomama abayizibonelo, futhi abesilisa cishe ababambiqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo.
Umama wondla izingane ubisi kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezinhlanu. Uma engekho, khona-ke ingane iphakelwa yinoma yimuphi omunye wesifazane onobisi. Lapho amawundlu enezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ayazimela. Izinsikazi ezincane zinamathela eqenjini lomama, kuthi ezeduna ziye kwezinye. Yize kunakekelwa kahle, izingane ezingama-40% aziphili ukuze zibe nonyaka owodwa. Isikhathi sokuphila sabantu abadala ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka engama-20.
Izitha zemvelo zama-lemurs ezinomsila
Isithombe: I-lemur enomsila waseMadagascar
Emahlathini aseMadagascar, kunezilwane ezidla inyama ezithanda kakhulu ukudla inyama ye-lemur. Isitha sikaMaki esifayo yi-fossa. Ibizwa nangokuthi ingonyama yaseMadagascar. AmaFossas makhulu kunama-lemurs futhi ahamba ngokushesha ezihlahleni. Uma i-lemur iwela ekucineni kwaleli bhubesi, khona-ke ngeke ishiye iphila. Amazinyo, amazinyo aqinile nezinzipho ngeke kusize. UFossa, njengokungathi usezenzweni ezingezansi, ubamba isisulu ngemuva ngezidladla zangaphambili futhi okwamanje wephuka ngemuva kwekhanda.
Iningi lezilwane ezisencane ziyafa, njengoba ziba yizisulu ezilula ze-civet encane, iMadagascar tree boa, mongoose; izinyoni ezidla ezinye ezifana: Isikhova esinamaqabunga amade, iMadagascar, isikhova saseMadagascar. I-civet yisilwane esidla inyama esifanayo ne-fossa, kusuka esigabeni se-civet, kuphela ngosayizi abancane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-lemur enomsila
Inani labantu ababulewe yizitha zemvelo libuyiselwa ngokushesha, ngenxa yokuzala kwezinkawu. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-lemurs, i-catta iyinhlobo ejwayelekile futhi ivela kaningi. Ngenxa yokungenelela komuntu, inani lama-lemurs anomsila liyancipha kakhulu futhi manje lezi zilwane zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphezulu nokuvikelwa.
Eminyakeni yamuva, inani lama-lemurs lehle kakhulu kangangokuba izindawo ezisesiqhingini zisongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Umuntu uguqula izindawo zemvelo zezilwane, abhubhise amahlathi emvula, akhiphe amaminerali; ubandakanyeka ekuzingeleni izizathu zokuhweba, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuqothulweni kwabo.
Ama-lemurs anomsila yizilwane ezikhangayo, lesi sici sinomthelela omuhle emnothweni waseMadagascar. Izivakashi eziningi zivakashela isiqhingi se-lemur ukubona izilwane ezinhle endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ama-poppies awazesabi neze izivakashi. Bagxumela kubo bevela emagatsheni ezihlahla elenga phezu komfula ngethemba lokudla ubhanana. Inani eliphelele lama-lemurs omsila anomsila ahlala kwimvelo yemvelo nakuma-zoo namuhla cishe ngabantu abayi-10,000.
Unogada we-lemur onomsila
Isithombe: I-Red Book-tailed lemur Book
Kusukela ngo-2000, inani lama-lemurs anomsila endle lehle laya ku-2 000. Ama-lemurs ahlanganisiwe ahlukaniswa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothuka ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuzingelwa ezentengiselwano, ukuhweba ngezilwane ezingaphandle - ezibalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN lwe-CITES Isithasiselo I.
I-IUCN isebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile lweminyaka emithathu lokuvikela nokutakula ama-lemurs. Amalungu enyunyana ahlele ukuvikelwa kwendawo yokuhlala futhi, ngosizo lwezemvelo, ngeke avumele izinkawu zokuzingela ukuzijabulisa. Kukhona izinhlawulo zobugebengu ngezenzo zalabo ababandakanyeka ekufeni kwama-lemurs.
Abahleli be-ecotourism banikela ekusindeni nasekukhuleni kwesibalo sezilwane ezingavamile eMadagascar. Balwa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi enziwa kabusha, ngaphandle kwawo i-lemur enomsila ayikwazi ukuba khona. Khuthaza abahlali bendawo ukuthi balondoloze amahlathi, balwe nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni futhi babaxhase ngokwezimali. Umsebenzi wethu oqondile ukunakekela abafowethu abancane, hhayi ukusinda emhlabeni. Ngokusho kokongiwa kwemvelo, kuthiwa: "Lolu hlobo oluhlukile nolubabazekayo lwama-lemurs ingcebo enkulu kunazo zonke eMadagascar."
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 25.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 12.12.2019 ngo-15: 29
