IMaillard harrier (Circus maillardi) ingeka-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenyanga kaMaillard
IMaillard Harrier yinyoni enkulu edla inyama enobukhulu obungu-59 cm kanye namaphiko angu-105 kuya ku-140 cm.
Lezi zinhlobo ze-harrier zibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlobene. Ubukhulu bomzimba wayo nokubukeka kwayo kuyefana nalokho kwe-Marsh Harrier. I-harter ye-Maillard inekhanda elincane, umzimba omncane. Ikhola njengesikhova. Umsila mude futhi mncane. Owesifazane mkhulu ngo-15% ngosayizi womzimba. Izimpaphe zowesilisa ikakhulukazi zimnyama, zimhlophe ngezansi.
Ikhanda elimnyama elinemivimbo emhlophe eqhubeka esifubeni. Isigaxa simhlophe, izinhlangothi zimpunga yomlotha. Umsila unemivimbo ensundu ejiyile. Uqhwaku lumnyama. IVoskovitsa, izidladla eziphuzi. Iris nayo iphuzi. Izimpaphe zezinsikazi ekhanda nasemhlane zinsundu. Amashiya alula. Intamo inemishwe ngethoni ebomvu. Izinhlangothi zimpunga ngemivimbo emnyama. Umqala, isifuba nesisu, kumhlophe okunezintambo ezinsundu nokubomvu. Isethembiso simhlophe ngokufanayo.
Izithikamezo ezincane zeMaillard zinekhanda, umphimbo, isifuba nomzimba ongaphezulu, izimpiko nomsila wombala onsundu onsundu ngombala obomvu esiswini. I-occiput ne-sacrum zibomvu-fawn. Umbala wezimpaphe zezinyoni ezindala ekugcineni utholwa izithiyo ezincane ezineminyaka emi-4 ubudala.
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-harrier Maillard
Isigaxa seMaillard sitholakala emaxhaphozini, ngasogwini lwamachibi anezimila, emasimini elayisi, ezimfundeni ezomile nezimanzi. Imvamisa kuzingelwa umhlaba olimekayo. EComoros, isakazeka endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kwama-500. Ithanda ukubhukuda ezintabeni ezinezihlahla lapho ihlanzwa khona kanye nemihosha emincane. Indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama ngokuvamile itholakala ngenhla nje komhlanga, lapho zibheka khona izibankwa namagundane. Ezintabeni, ama-Maillard harriers ahlala kusuka olwandle aze afike kumamitha ayi-3000, kepha ayivelakancane ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2000.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, amahlathi omdabu nonakele awakhethwa, yize ezindaweni ezinjalo kukhona ihlathi eliphakeme, eliminyene endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-300 kuye kwangama-700. I-Loonie Maillard yondla ezindaweni eziningi, kepha ikhetha amahlathi (65%), kanye namasimu omoba namadlelo (20%) nezindawo ezivulekile zotshani nezindawo ezingama-savanna (15%).
Ukudla kukaLoon Maillard
ULooney Maillard udla kakhulu izinyoni nezinambuzane:
- ojekamanzi,
- izintethe,
- ama-mantises wokukhuleka.
Ama-50% okudla kwawo aqukethe izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana namagundane, amagundane kanye ne-tenrecs (Tenrec ecaudatus.) Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithiyo zizingela izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, nazo zidla izidumbu.
Ukusabalala kwe-Maillard harrier
IHarrier Maillard isatshalaliswa eComoros naseMadagascar. Ama-subspecies amabili amukelwa ngokusemthethweni:
- C. m. maillardi
- C. macroceles (eMadagascar naseComoros).
Izici zokuziphatha kukaLoon Maillard
ULooney Maillard uhlala yedwa noma ngababili. Bathanda ukundiza esibhakabhakeni isikhathi eside. Bakhombisa izindiza ezifana nokunyakaza komdaka kanye nezithiyo zomhlanga. Bude buduze nesidleke, owesilisa wenza okwehla okune-acrobatic nama-ascents abukhali. Phakathi nalezi zindiza, uvame ukungena ku-spin, ehambisana nokwehla ngokukhala okubukhali. I-harter ye-Maillard ikhombisa indiza elula ephawuleka ngaphezulu kwendawo yayo, indiza ngaphezu kweziqongo zezihlahla ezinde. Izimpiko ezimfishane zamaphiko ayo ziyashintshana ngokujika okude.
Impumelelo yokuzingelwa kwezilwane ngokuyinhloko incike kumphumela wokumangala.
Ngakho-ke, ubheka inyamazane ngaphambi kokuhlasela. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, iMaillard Harrier izingela ngaphezulu kakhulu kunaphakathi ehlathini. EComoros, indiza phezu konqenqema lwamadwala. Lezi zinhlobo ze-harrier zisebenzisa ezinye izindlela ukubamba isisulu sayo: kungenzeka ukuthi yenze izindiza eziyisiyingi ziye phezulu esibhakabhakeni noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenzisa okuthunyelwe kokubuka okusondele kakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba. Ama-young Maillard harriers azingela phansi.
Ukuzalela i-harrier Maillard
Isikhathi sokufukamela ama-Maillard harriers siqala ngoDisemba eMadagascar, ngo-Okthoba eComoros. Lesi sidleke sakhiwe ngotshani neziqu zezitshalo futhi sitholakala phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-20 ukusuka emhlabathini esihlahleni. Insikazi izalela amaqanda amabili kuya kwayisithupha. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-33 - 36. Ama-harriers amancane ashiya isidleke ezinsukwini ezingama-45 - 50. Izinyoni ezindala ziyaqhubeka nokondla inzalo yazo isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Isimo sokongiwa kweLoon Maillard
I-Maillard harrier eMadagascar ayivelakancane, yize ijwayelekile eziqhingini ezimbalwa ezincane entshonalanga yezintaba. Isigaxa seMaillard okwamanje sikhula kancane, sifinyelela kuma-200 noma ama-300 ngababili endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,500. EMadagascar, ukutholakala kwama-subspecies macroceles kulinganiselwa kubantu abangama-250 nabangu-1000 endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-594,000. Ngisho nama-subspecies amabili, i-Maillard harrier ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini. Kulinganiselwa usayizi wabantu ngokuya ngemininingwane yedatha ka-2009-2010 kusuka ezinyoni zabantu abadala ezingama-564.
Izizathu ezinkulu zokwehla kwesibalo sabantu baseMaillard ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokuzingela isilwane esinamaphiko, okukholakala ukuthi sithumba izinkukhu.
Futhi phambilini, ukuhlangana nenyanga kwakuyibika elibi, futhi kwaba nomthelela ekubhujisweni kwalolu hlobo. Yize kunemithetho eyamukelwe yokuvikela, izinsongo zisekhona. Ubuthi ngama-rodenticides, angena emzimbeni wezinyoni ngamaketanga okudla, kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukwanda kwamadolobha nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo kuzoletha ukuphazamiseka okwengeziwe ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke zaseMaillard. Ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1300, amahlathi aqedwa ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwemithambeka ephezulu kakhulu.
Izishingishane, izimvula ezinkulu nemililo kungalulaza izindawo zokuhlala ezisele, eziya ngokuya zehlise isithunzi. Ezinye izinsongo ezingaba khona zibandakanya ukuvezwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukushayisana nezintambo zikagesi nogesi ophephetha umoya, nokuzingela izinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni.
Izinyathelo Zokulondolozwa kweMaillard Harrier
U-Lun Mayar uqoshwe kusiThasiselo II kuya ku-CITES. Ibe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kusukela ngo-1966, futhi yaklonyeliswa ngo-1989 Yisinqumo Somkhandlu wasekhaya. Imizamo eqhubekayo yokuqwashisa umphakathi kanye nokongiwa kwemvelo ukunqanda ukuzingela ngokungemthetho isize ukuhlenga nokukhulula izinyoni ezingama-103, ama-maillard harriers angama-43 adedelwe ngempumelelo abuyela endle.
Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokongiwa kwezinhlobo ezingavamile zibandakanya ukuqapha amandla okuguquguquka kwabantu. Ukugqugquzela kuyaqhubeka nokukhula ukumisa ukubulawa kwabantu ngokungemthetho nokuzingelwa kweMaillard Harrier nokuvikela izindawo zokuhlala ezisele. Sebenzisa izindlela ezinjalo zokulawulwa kwezinambuzane zezitshalo ezitshaliwe ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokufakwa ubuthi kwesibili ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Thuthukisa isu lokunciphisa ukushayisana kwezinyoni ngezintambo nomoya ophephela emoyeni.
