Okwamanje, kukhona cishe ubuchwepheshe obukabili obunelungelo lobunikazi obukuvumela ukuthi ulahle izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemfucuza. Kepha akubona bonke abayilungele imvelo. UDenis Gripas, inhloko yenkampani ehlinzeka ngezingubo zenjoloba zaseJalimane, uzokhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obusha bokulungiswa kwemfucuza.
Ubuntu buhlanganyela ngokugcwele ekulahleni imfucuza yezimboni neyasekhaya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21. Ngaphambi kwalokho, yonke imfucumfucu yayilahlwa ngaphandle ezindaweni okulahlwa kuzo imfucuza ezikhethwe ngokukhethekile. Ukusuka lapho, izinto eziyingozi zangena enhlabathini, zangena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, futhi ekugcineni zaphelela emachibini aseduze.
Mayelana nokuthi yini ukushiswa okuholela kuyo
Ngo-2017, uMkhandlu WaseYurophu wancoma ngokuqinile ukuthi amazwe angamalungu e-EU ayeke izitshalo zokushisa imfucuza. Amanye amazwe ase-Europe angenise intela entsha noma ekhuphukile ekhona lapho kushiswa udoti kamasipala. Futhi kwamiswa ukwakhiwa kokwakhiwa kwamafektri aqeda udoti kusetshenziswa izindlela zakudala.
Okuhlangenwe nakho komhlaba ekubhujisweni kwemfucuza ngosizo lwezibani kuvele kwaba kubi kakhulu. Amabhizinisi akhiwe ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obungasasebenzi bokuphela kwekhulu lama-20 angcolisa umoya, amanzi nenhlabathi ngemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe enobuthi kakhulu.
Inani elikhulu lezinto ezinobungozi empilweni nakwezemvelo likhishwa emkhathini - ama-furan, ama-dioxin nezinhlaka eziyingozi. Lezi zinto zidala ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu emzimbeni, okuholela ezifweni ezinzima ezingamahlalakhona.
Amabhizinisi awaqedi nya imfucuza, i-100%. Esikhathini sokushisa, cishe i-40% ye-slag nomlotha, okwenyuse ubuthi, kusala kusisindo semfucuza yonke. Lokhu kudoti nakho kudinga ukulahlwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayingozi kakhulu kunezinto zokusetshenziswa "eziyinhloko" ezinikezwe ukucubungula izitshalo.
Ungakhohlwa mayelana nezindleko zalolu daba. Inqubo yomlilo idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhulu. Lapho kusetshenziswelwa kabusha udoti, kukhishwa inani elikhulu lesikhutha, okungenye yezinto eziholela ekufudumaleni kwembulunga yonke. Isivumelwano saseParis sikhokhisa intela enkulu ekukhishweni okungalimaza imvelo evela emazweni e-EU.
Kungani indlela ye-plasma ilungele imvelo kakhulu
Ukufuna izindlela eziphephile zokulahla imfucuza kuyaqhubeka. Ngo-2011, isifundiswa saseRussia uPhillip Rutberg wasungula ubuchwepheshe bokushisa imfucuza esebenzisa i-plasma. Kuye, usosayensi wathola umklomelo we-Global Energy Prize, emkhakheni wolwazi lwamandla olingana noMklomelo weNobel.
Ingqikithi yendlela ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibhujisiwe azishiswa, kepha zenziwa i-gasification, ngaphandle ngokuphelele kwenqubo yomlilo. Ukulahlwa kwenziwa ku-reactor eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile - i-plasmatron, lapho i-plasma ingashiswa kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-6 degrees degrees.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lamazinga okushisa aphakeme, izinto eziphilayo ziphazanyiswa futhi zihlukaniswe ngama-molecule ngamanye. Izinto ezingaphili zakha i-slag. Njengoba inqubo yomlilo ingekho ngokuphelele, azikho izimo zokuvela kwezinto eziyingozi: ubuthi kanye ne-carbon dioxide.
I-Plasma iguqula imfucuza ibe izinto zokusetshenziswa ezilusizo. Kusuka kudoti ophilayo, igesi yokuhlanganisa iyatholakala, engacutshungulwa ibe yi-ethyl alcohol, uphethiloli kadizili ngisho nophethiloli wezinjini zerokhethi. I-Slag, etholakala ezintweni ezingaphili, isebenza njengesisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwamabhodi wokuvikela okushisayo kanye nokhonkolo ovuthayo.
Intuthuko kaRutberg isivele isetshenziswe ngempumelelo emazweni amaningi: e-USA, Japan, India, China, Great Britain, Canada.
Isimo eRussia
Indlela ye-plasma gasification ayikasetshenziswa eRussia. Ngo-2010, iziphathimandla zaseMoscow zahlela ukwakha inethiwekhi yezimboni eziyi-8 zisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe. Le phrojekthi ayikaze yethulwe futhi isesigabeni sentuthuko esebenzayo, njengoba abaphathi bedolobha benqabile ukwakha izitshalo zokushisa imfucumfucu i-dioxin.
Inani lezindawo zokulahla udoti liyakhula minyaka yonke, futhi uma le nqubo inganqandwa, iRussia iba sengcupheni yokufakwa ohlwini lwamazwe asengcupheni yenhlekelele yezemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga yokulahlwa kukadoti usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphephile obungalimazi imvelo noma ukuthola enye indlela evumela, isibonelo, ukuphinda isebenze kabusha imfucuza futhi ithole umkhiqizo wesibili.
Isazi-Denis Gripas uyinhloko yenkampani i-Alegria. Iwebhusayithi yenkampani https://alegria-bro.ru
