I-boletus emnyama (Leccinum melaneum) ivela ngaphansi kwe-birch, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini ene-asidi. Leli khowe livame ngezikhathi zasehlobo nasekwindla, futhi ngisho nabavuni bamakhowe abangenalwazi abanamathuba okuthi bangaliphambanisa nanoma yimaphi amakhowe ayingozi futhi anobuthi we-gill.
Umbala wekapa awuyona into echaza ukhiye wale khowe. Isuka kokumpunga okumpunga kuya ku-shades ehlukahlukene ompunga onsundu, mpunga omnyama (cishe omnyama). Umthunzi ompunga kanye nobuso obunamakhasi besisekelo sokuvuvukala kancane kwesiqu kunika ikhowe ukubukeka kwesici.
Itholakala kuphi i-boletus emnyama
Leli khowe likhula kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuze kufike ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Indima yezemvelo ye-ectomycorrhizal, isikhunta sakha i-mycorrhizal kuphela ngamabhotela kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuNovemba, ithanda izimo ezimanzi, futhi ikhula kuphela ngemuva kwezimvula ezinkulu eduze kwamaxhaphozi emvelo.
I-Etymology
I-Leccinum, igama elijwayelekile, livela egameni elidala lesi-Italian elisho ukhunta. Incazelo ethile ye-melaneum ibhekisela kumbala wesici se-cap nesiqu.
Ukubukeka
Isigqoko
Imibala ehlukahlukene ngombala onsundu ngokumpunga, kuze kube mnyama (futhi kunohlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu lwe-albino), imvamisa iyindilinga futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ikhubazeke kancane onqenqemeni, ngandlela thile i-wavy.
Ubuso bekepisi buzacile (i-velvety), emaphethelweni wepelesi ugoqa kancane amashubhu emizimbeni yezithelo ezisencane. Ekuqaleni, amakepisi angama-hemispherical, aba yi-convex, awenzi isicaba, enobubanzi obungu-4 kuye ku-8 cm lapho usuthuthuke ngokuphelele.
Tubules
Iyindilinga, u-0.5 mm ububanzi, inamathele kahle esiqwini, ubude obungu-1 kuye ku-1.5 cm, hhayi obumhlophe ngombala onsundu ngokumpunga.
Ama-pores
Amashubhu aphela ezimbotsheni zombala ofanayo. Lapho zilinyaziwe, ama-pores awashintshi umbala ngokushesha, kodwa kancane kancane ayaphela.
Umlenze
Kusuka kokumpunga okumpunga kuya kokumpunga ngokunsundu, embozwe izikali ezinesikhumba, ezinsundu ezicishe zibe mnyama, eziba mnyama ngeminyaka yobudala, zifike ku-6 cm ububanzi futhi zifike kubude obungu-7 cm.
Inyama yesiqu imhlophe, kepha kwesinye isikhathi iphenduka ibomvana eduze kwaphezulu lapho isikiwe noma iphukile, futhi ihlala iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (yize kuphela endaweni elinganiselwe) ezansi. Ingxenye engaphandle yesisekelo sesiqu iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuqapheleka kakhulu lapho ama-slugs, iminenke noma amabhungane alimaze khona phansi kwesiqu - isici esiwusizo sokukhomba i-boletus emnyama.
Iphunga elintantayo nokunambitheka kuyathandeka, kepha hhayi "isikhunta".
Ungayipheka kanjani i-boletus emnyama
Ikhowe libhekwa njengekhowe elidliwayo elihle futhi lisetshenziswa kwizindlela zokupheka ezifanayo ne-porcini mushroom (yize ekunambithekeni nasekuthungeni ikhowe le-porcini liphakeme kunawo wonke ama-boletus). Uma engekho amakhowe we-porcini anele, zizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa i-boletus emnyama ngenani elidingekayo kuresiphi.
Ingabe kukhona i-boletus emnyama yamanga
Ngokwemvelo, kunamakhowe afana nalesi silwane, kepha awanabo ubuthi. I-boletus ejwayelekile ayiguquki ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezansi kwesiqu lapho isikwa noma idabukile, futhi inkulu kakhulu.
I-boletus ejwayelekile
I-boletus ephuzi ngombala ophuzi
Isigqoko sakhe sinombala osawolintshi, futhi uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuluhlaza lapho isisekelo sonakele.
