Emvelweni wemvelo ngenkathi kukhona impucuko, izinhlelo ze-anthropogenic bezilokhu zivela ezihlangana nemvelo:
- izingosi zakudala;
- izindawo zokuhlala;
- amadolobhana;
- amadolobha;
- indawo yokulima;
- izindawo zezimboni;
- ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha, njll.
Zonke lezi zinto zakhiwa kuzindawo ezincane nasemasimini amakhulu, zihlala endaweni enkulu yamathafa, ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlelo ziletha ushintsho olukhulu emvelweni. Uma ezikhathini zasendulo nasezikhathini zasendulo leli thonya emvelweni lalingelutho, abantu babephila ngokuthula ngokuqinile nemvelo, ngaleso sikhathi e-Middle Ages, ngesikhathi se-Renaissance nangesikhathi samanje, lokhu kuphazamiseka kuya ngokuya kuqapheleka.
Ukucaciswa kokufuduka emadolobheni
Amasistimu wemvelo-anthropogenic ahlukaniswa ngobumbano, ngoba abonisa izici zemvelo neze-anthropogenic. Ngalesi sikhathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zonke izinhlelo ziyabandakanyeka kwinqubo yokufudukela emadolobheni. Lo mkhuba waqala ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Imiphumela yayo imi kanje:
- imingcele yezindawo zokuhlala izoshintsha;
- emadolobheni kukhona indawo egcwele indawo nemvelo;
- ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kuyanda;
- isimo semvelo siyashintsha;
- indawo yamathafa angathintwanga iyancipha;
- imithombo yemvelo iyaqedwa.
Isimo esibi kunazo zonke semvelo sisezinhlelweni zemvelo kanye ne-anthropogenic njengama-megacities. Lawa ngamadolobha aseLondon naseNew York, eTokyo naseMexico City, eBeijing naseBombay, eBuenos Aires naseParis, eCairo naseMoscow, eDelhi naseShanghai. Uhlu luyaqhubeka, kunjalo. Idolobha ngalinye kulawa linenqwaba yezinselelo zemvelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukungcoliswa komoya, ukungcoliswa komsindo, izimo zamanzi ezingezinhle, umthelela wokushisa komhlaba, nemvula ene-asidi. Konke lokhu kuthinta kabi hhayi kuphela isimo sempilo yabantu, kepha futhi kuholela ezinguquko emvelweni, ukwehla kwendawo yezindawo zemvelo, ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zezimbali nokuncipha kwabantu bezilwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zemvelo neze-anthropogenic zinomthelela emvelweni wezindawo eziseduze. Isibonelo, ezifundeni lapho ukhuni kungukuphela kukaphethiloli, kucekeleke phansi amahektha wonke amahlathi. Ngosizo lwezihlahla, abantu abagcini ngokwakha izindlu, kepha futhi bashisa amakhaya abo, balungise ukudla. Kwenzeka okufanayo nasezindaweni ezinamandla kagesi nogesi ongazinzile.
Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo ze-anthropogenic kanye ne-natural-anthropogenic, njengezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu, zinomthelela omkhulu esimweni semvelo. Ngenxa yabo, isimo semvelo siyashintsha, wonke amagobolondo eplanethi angcolile futhi izinzuzo zemvelo zomhlaba zidliwa ngokweqile.
