Imfucumfucu yezimboni yizinto zokwenziwa kwemfucuza, izinto zokusetshenziswa nezinye izinto ezilahlekelwe yikhwalithi yazo. Umthombo wemfucuza uncike ekucacisweni kwebhizinisi (i-metallurgical, ukukhanya, okusindayo, amakhemikhali). Zakhiwa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kepha ngokuzayo ziyalahlwa noma zisetshenziswe kabusha.
Imfucuza eqinile yezimboni
Imfucuza yezimboni yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene:
- ihadiwe;
- ipulasitiki;
- umlotha kanye ne-slag;
- isikhumba;
- injoloba;
- ingilazi;
- ukhuni;
- uboya;
- iphepha nekhadibhodi;
- Izinto zokwakha;
- izindwangu;
- izinsalela zokudla, njll.
Zonke lezi zigaba zemfucumfucu zidala umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni, futhi uma ukwakheka kuqukethe ubuthi, i-mercury nezinye izinto eziyingozi, khona-ke lokhu kwandisa ingozi emvelweni.
Imithetho yokuphathwa kwemfucuza yezimboni
Imfucuza iqoqwa kumabhizinisi, ihlelwe ngokuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwengozi. Kunemibhalo elawula ukuphathwa kwemfucuza. Ngemuva kokuqoqwa kukadoti, kufanele uyiswe ezindaweni zokulahla udoti futhi ulahlwe. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela yizinkampani ezinamalayisense akhethekile. Kumele baqinisekise ukuthuthwa okuphephile kwezinto futhi basebenzise imishini ekhethekile. Izinto ezinobuthi ezinobungozi kufanele zihanjiswe ngeziqukathi ezivaliwe. Noma iziphi izinto eziphinda zisebenze kabusha kumele zithunyelwe efektri esebenza kabusha.
Izici zemfucuza yezimboni
Ukunquma ukudalelwa okuqhubekayo kwemfucuza evela ezikhungweni zezimboni, kuyadingeka ukunquma izici zalezi zinto:
- kuliphi igatsha lezimboni elakhiwa;
- imfucuza yavela ngasiphi isigaba sokukhiqiza;
- umthelela wayo empilweni yomuntu;
- yikuphi ukulimala okwenziwa emvelweni;
- inani likadoti;
- ingabuye isetshenziswe kabusha;
- yiziphi izindlela zokulahla ongazisebenzisa.
Izakhi ezinobuthi kudoti wezimboni
Izinhlobo eziningi zemfucumfucu yezimboni zinezinto ezinobuthi ezingalimazi imvelo kuphela, kodwa futhi ezithinta kabi impilo yabantu. Izinto ezinjalo azinakusetshenziswa futhi. Badinga ukubulawa ngamagciwane bese belahlwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunemingcwabo ekhethekile kanye nokugcwaliswa komhlaba okulahlwa ngobungozi. Izinhlobo ezinobungozi eziyimfucumfucu zemfucumfucu yezimboni zifaka phakathi amadivayisi asebenza ngamakhemikhali, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, amadivayisi aqukethe amakhemikhali, izinto ezisetshenziswa kumalabhorethri nakwezokwelapha, imishini yokupompa igesi. Lezi nezinye izinhlobo zemfucuza kufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Izifundo ezinobungozi
Ngokwesilinganiso somphumela olimazayo emvelweni, kunezigaba ezinhlanu zengozi yemfucuza yezimboni:
- 1 - imfucuza enobungozi kakhulu equkethe i-mercury ne-galvanic sludge. Lezi zinto zokwakha zidala ukulimala okungenakulungiseka emvelweni futhi kungaholela enhlekeleleni yezemvelo.
- 2 - isigaba sengozi ephezulu. Ithonya lezinto zaleli qembu lisuswa kuphela eminyakeni engama-30. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amabhethri, uwoyela, upende, ivanishi, izinto ezinomthofu nama-asidi.
- 3 - ingozi ephakathi. Ngemuva kwethonya lale mfucuza, imvelo iyabuyiselwa phakathi neminyaka eyi-10. Lezi yizinto ze-lube nezokuhola.
- 4 - cishe izinto ezingeyona ingozi, ngoba umphumela olimazayo ususwa eminyakeni emithathu nje. Ngokuvamile, leli qembu lihlanganisa imfucuza yokwakha.
- 5 - isigaba semfucuza engeyona ingozi. Lezi yizinsimbi, imikhiqizo yamaphepha, ukhuni nezinye izinto. Yonke le mfucumfucu iyaphinda isetshenziswe futhi ayilimazi imvelo.
Inqubo yokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu yezimboni
Kusungulwe imithethonqubo yokulahlwa kukadoti kumabhizinisi. Imfucuza iqoqwa kuqala bese igcinwa endaweni ekhethiwe. Bese ahlukaniswa abe yilezo ezizolahlwa kanye nalezo ezizophinda zisetshenziswe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi udoti wokudla uzothunyelwa ekudleni kwezilwane. Lapho zonke izikhathi sezixazululiwe, imfucuza iyasuswa. Udoti othunyelwe ukuthi uzolahlwa uzofihlwa lapho sekulahlwa khona udoti. Imvamisa, udoti oketshezi ugeziselwa emizimbeni yamanzi, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho kudingeka ubulawe amagciwane.
Izici zokuthekelisa
Ukususa imfucuza yezimboni, inkampani kufanele ibe nelayisense yalo msebenzi. Udoti uhanjiswa yizimoto ezifakwe ngokukhethekile. Imvamisa, imfucuza ihanjiswa isesimweni esivele ihlelwe, okwenziwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuya ngerejista ekhethekile. Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto ezibonakalayo lunezidingo zalo zokuhamba. Isibonelo, imfucuza yesigaba sokuqala sengozi kufanele ihanjiswe ngokucophelela ezitsheni ezikhethekile ukuze ingalimazi imvelo.
Ukulawulwa kokulahlwa
Ukwehlisa imiphumela eyingozi yemfucuza emvelweni, izindlela zokulawula ukulahlwa sezikhona. Izindikimba ezikhethekile ziqapha ukwenziwa kwamazinga ezempilo nezempilo. Iphinde yengamele inqubo yokususa imfucumfucu, ekuqoqeni kwayo ize iqedwe ngokuphelele. Zonke izinhlangano ezivuselelwa kabusha zihlolwa njalo. Lezi kanye nezinye izinyathelo zisiza ukuvikela imvelo yemvelo ethonyeni lemfucumfucu yezimboni.
