Imfucumfucu enemisebe (RW) yilezo zinto eziqukethe izinto ezinemisebe engasebenzi futhi ezingasetshenziswa futhi ngokuzayo, ngoba azinanani elisebenzayo. Akhiwa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa nokucutshungulwa kwensimbi enemisebe, ngesikhathi kusebenza imishini edala ukushisa, ngesikhathi sokulahlwa kukadoti wenuzi.
Izinhlobo nokuhlukaniswa kwemfucumfucu enemisebe ye-radioactive
Izinhlobo ze-RW zehlukaniswe zaba:
- ngombuso - oqinile, omoya, uketshezi;
- ngomsebenzi othile - osebenza kakhulu, umsebenzi ophakathi, osebenza kancane, umsebenzi ophansi kakhulu
- ngohlobo - olususekayo nolukhethekile;
- ngempilo yengxenye yama-radionuclides - isikhathi eside- nesikhathi esifushane;
- ngezinto zohlobo lwenuzi - ngobukhona bazo, ngokungabikho kwazo;
- yezimayini - ekucutshungweni kwe-uranium ores, ekukhipheni izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimbiwa phansi.
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubalulekile naseRussia, futhi kwamukelwa ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele. Ngokuvamile, ukwahlukaniswa ngezigaba akukhona okokugcina; kudinga ukusebenzisana nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zikazwelonke.
Ngikhululekile ekulawuleni
Kunezinhlobo zemfucumfucu enemisebe lapho ukugxila kwama-radionuclides kuphansi kakhulu. Azinabungozi emvelweni. Izinto ezinjalo zihlukaniswa njengezikhululekile. Inani lonyaka lemisebe evela kubo alidluli izinga le-10 μ3v.
Imithetho yokuphathwa kwemfucumfucu enemisebe yenuzi
Izinto zemisebe zihlukaniswe ngezigaba hhayi nje ukunquma izinga lobungozi, kodwa futhi nokuthuthukisa imithetho yokuyiphatha:
- kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa komuntu osebenza ngemfucumfucu enemisebe ye-radioactive;
- ukuvikelwa kwemvelo ezintweni ezinobungozi kufanele kwenziwe ngcono;
- lawula inqubo yokulahlwa kukadoti;
- khombisa izinga lokuchayeka endaweni yokugcina ngayinye ngokuya ngemibhalo;
- lawula ukunqwabelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinemisebe ye-radioactive;
- uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, izingozi kufanele zivinjelwe;
- ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuqeda yonke imiphumela.
Yini ingozi yemfucumfucu enemisebe ye-radioactive
Udoti oqukethe izinto ezinemisebe eyingozi uyingozi emvelweni nakubantu. Kwandisa isizinda esikhipha imisebe semvelo. Kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla namanzi, imfucumfucu enemisebe ingena emzimbeni, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwezakhi zofuzo, ekufakeni ubuthi nasekufeni. Indoda ifa kabuhlungu.
Ukuvimbela umphumela onjalo, wonke amabhizinisi asebenzisa izinto ezinemisebe ye-radioay enza ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlunga, ukulawula imisebenzi yokukhiqiza, ukungcolisa nokulahla udoti. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela inhlekelele yemvelo.
Izinga lobungozi be-RW lincike ezicini eziningana. Okokuqala, lesi yisamba semfucuza esemkhathini, amandla emisebe, indawo yendawo engcolisiwe, inani labantu abahlala kuyo. Njengoba lezi zinto ziyabulala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uma kwenzeka ingozi kuqedwe le nhlekelele futhi kukhishwe abantu endaweni. Kubalulekile futhi ukuvimbela nokumisa ukuhamba kwemfucumfucu enemisebe eya kwezinye izindawo.
Imithetho Yokugcina Nokuhamba
Ibhizinisi elisebenza ngezinto ezikhipha imisebe kumele liqinisekise ukugcinwa okuthembekile kukadoti. Kubandakanya ukuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu enemisebe, ukudluliselwa kwayo ukuze kulahlwe. Izindlela nezindlela ezidingekayo zokugcina kusungulwa ngemibhalo. Kubo, iziqukathi ezikhethekile zenziwe ngenjoloba, iphepha kanye noplastiki. Futhi zigcinwa eziqandisini, emigqonyeni yensimbi. I-RW ithuthwa ngeziqukathi ezikhethekile ezivaliwe. Ezokuthutha, kufanele zilungiswe ngokuphepha. Ukuhamba kungenziwa kuphela yizinkampani ezinelayisense ekhethekile yalokhu.
Iyacubungula
Ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kuya ngezimpawu zemfucuza. Izinhlobo ezithile zemfucuza zishisiwe futhi zicindezelwe ukukhulisa ivolumu yemfucuza. Kuyisiko ukushisa izinsalela ezithile esithandweni somlilo. Ukucubungula kwe-RW kufanele kuhlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:
- ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto emanzini naseminye imikhiqizo;
- ukuqeda imisebe;
- beka umthelela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa namaminerali;
- hlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kusetshenzwe.
Ukuqoqwa nokulahlwa
Ukuqoqwa nokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu ekhipha imisebe ye-radioactive kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni lapho kungekho zinto ezingekho emsakazweni. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukucabangela isimo sokuhlanganiswa, isigaba semfucuza, impahla yabo, izinto zokwakha, impilo yengxenye yama-radionuclides, usongo olungaba khona lwento. Ngalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe isu lokulawulwa kwemfucumfucu enemisebe.
Ukuqoqa nokulahla, udinga ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile. Ochwepheshe bathi le misebenzi kungenzeka kuphela ngezinto eziphakathi nendawo eziphansi ezisebenzayo. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa le nqubo, isinyathelo ngasinye kufanele silawulwe ukuvimbela inhlekelele yezemvelo. Ngisho nephutha elincane lingaholela ezingozini, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokufa kwenani elikhulu labantu. Kuzothatha amashumi amaningi eminyaka ukuqeda umthelela wezinto ezinemisebe futhi kubuyise imvelo.
