I-Reindeer yisilwane esincelisayo somndeni wezinyamazane noma i-Cervidae, okubandakanya inyamazane, i-elk ne-wapiti. Njengabanye emndenini wabo, amaxhama anemilenze emide, izinselo nezimpondo. Abantu batholakale kwi-arctic tundra kanye namahlathi aseduze aseGreenland, eScandinavia, eRussia, e-Alaska naseCanada. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili noma ama-ecotypes: izinyamazane ze-tundra nezinyamazane zehlathi. Izinyamazane zeTundra zihamba phakathi kwe-tundra nehlathi emhlambini omkhulu wabantu abafinyelela kwengxenye yesigidi ngomjikelezo waminyaka yonke, ohlanganisa indawo efinyelela ku-5000 km2. Izinyamazane zehlathi zincane kakhulu.
ENyakatho Melika, izinyamazane zibizwa ngokuthi i-caribou, eYurophu - i-reindeer.
Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi izinyamazane zazingenye yezilwane zokuqala ezifuywayo. Ngokusho kweSmithsonian, yaqala ukuthanjiswa eminyakeni engaba ngu-2 000 edlule. Abantu abaningi base-Arctic basasebenzisa lesi silwane ukudla, okokwembatha nendawo yokukhosela kusuka esimweni sezulu.
Ukubukeka nemingcele
Izinyamazane zinosayizi omncane ngokwedlulele, umzimba ovulekile, intamo emide nemilenze. Abesilisa bakhula kusuka ku-70 kuya ku-135 cm lapho kubuna, kanti ukuphakama okuphelele kungafinyelela kusuka ku-180 kuye ku-210 cm ngenkathi kunesisindo esivela ku-65 kuye ku-240 kg. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu futhi banomusa ngokwengeziwe, ukuphakama kwabo kuyashintshashintsha esifundeni esingu-170-190 cm, futhi isisindo sabo sisebangeni lama-55-140 kg.
Uboya bujiyile, inqwaba ayinalutho, okunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ngenkathi ebandayo. Umbala uyashintsha kuye ngesizini. Ehlobo, izinyamazane ziba mhlophe ngombala, kuthi ebusika ziphenduke zibe nsundu.
I-Reindeer ukuphela kwesilwane esinezimpondo zombili zobulili. Futhi nakuba kwabesifazane bafinyelela ku-50 cm kuphela, abesilisa bangakhula, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-140 cm, ngenkathi kunesisindo se-15 kg. Izimpondo zenyamazane azisebenzi njengomhlobiso nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ziyindlela yokuvikela.
Ukuzalisa ama-reindeer
I-reindeer ivame ukufika ebusheni ngonyaka we-4 wokuphila. Ngalesi sikhathi sezikulungele ukuzala. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngo-Okthoba futhi sithatha izinsuku eziyi-11 kuphela. Abesilisa beTundra, abahlanganiswe nabesifazane emaqenjini ezinkulungwane, banethuba lokuzitholela owabo umlingani futhi bagweme izimpi ezinzima nabancintisana nabo ngaphambi kokwindla. Izinyamazane zasehlathini zizimisele kakhulu ukulwela insikazi. Kunoma ikuphi, amathole amancane azalwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-7.5 zokukhulelwa ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni wonyaka olandelayo. Amathole asheshe akhuluphale, ngoba ubisi lwalezi zilwane lukhulu futhi lucebile kakhulu kunelamanye ama-ungulates. Ngemuva kwenyanga, angaqala ukuzondla yedwa, kepha imvamisa isikhathi sokuncelisa sithatha izinyanga ezingama-5-6.
Ngeshwa, uhhafu wawo wonke amathole asanda kuzalwa uyafa, ngoba ayizisulu ezilula zezimpisi, ama-lynx namabhere. Isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka eyi-15 endle, engama-20 ekuthunjweni.
Indawo nemikhuba
Endle, izinyamazane zitholakala e-Alaska, eCanada, eGreenland, eNyakatho Yurophu naseNyakatho Asia ezindaweni zamathafa, ezintabeni nasehlathini. Ngokwe-Encyclopedia Britannica, indawo abahlala kuyo ibalelwa ku-500 km2. Izinyamazane zeTundra zilala emahlathini bese zibuyela kutundra entwasahlobo. Ekwindla, bathuthela ehlathini futhi.
Izinyamazane ziyizidalwa ezihlalisana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, bahlala emaqenjini amakhulu kusukela eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kwengu-13, futhi inani labantu emhlambini lingasuka emakhulwini liye emakhanda angama-50 000. Entwasahlobo, inani labo liyanda. Ukuthuthela eningizimu ukufuna ukudla ebusika nakho kwenzeka ngokuhlanganyela.
Namuhla kunezilwane ezingama-reindeer zasendle ezingaba yizigidi ezingama-4,5 emhlabeni. Eziningi zazo zitholakala eNyakatho Melika, futhi yizigidi ezi-1 kuphela eziwela engxenyeni ye-Eurasia. Lokhu ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeRussia. Kepha engxenyeni esenyakatho yeYurophu kunezinyamazane ezifuywayo ezingaba yizigidi ezintathu. Kuze kube manje, yizilwane ezibalulekile zokudonsa kubelusi bendabuko baseScandinavia nase-taiga Russia.
Ubisi nenyama yabo kusetshenziselwa ukudla, futhi izikhumba zabo ezifudumele zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo nendawo yokuhlala. Izimpondo zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwama-forgeries nama-totem.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ama-reindeer yizilwane ezidla utshani, okusho ukuthi zondla kuphela ngokudla kwezitshalo. Ukudla kwe-reindeer ehlobo kuqukethe utshani, i-sedge, amaqabunga aluhlaza amahlathi kanye namahlumela amancane ezihlahla. Ekwindla, bathuthela kumakhowe namahlamvu. Ngalesi sikhathi, inyamazane yabantu abadala, ngokusho kweSan Diego Zoo, idla cishe u-4-8 kg wohlaza ngosuku.
Ebusika, lokhu kudla kuncane kakhulu, futhi kufaka phakathi ikakhulukazi ubulembu obuphezulu be-carbohydrate nobulembu, ababuvuna ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa. Imvelo yenze isiqiniseko sokuthi abesifazane bachitha izimpondo zabo kamuva kunabesilisa. Ngakho-ke, zivikela ukutholakala kokudla okuncane ekungeneleni kwangaphandle.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Izinyamazane zesilisa zilahlekelwa izimpondo zazo ngoNovemba, kuyilapho abesifazane bezigcina isikhathi eside kakhulu.
- Izinyamazane zakhiwa ukumelana nesithwathwa esibi kakhulu. Amakhala abo ashisa umoya ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele emaphashini abo, futhi umzimba wabo wonke, kufaka phakathi izinselo, umbozwe izinwele.
- Izinyamazane zingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h.
