Cishe noma iyiphi ingane embuzweni: "Yiziphi izilwane zasenyakatho ozaziyo?" phakathi kwabanye uthi - isikhova esineqhwa... Lokhu akusikho ukuqondana kwezinto, ngoba inyoni emhlophe isabalele kakhulu e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika yaze yaba ngesinye sezimpawu zasenyakatho. Ukhonjiswe ngisho nasezingutsheni zamadolobha athile azungeza kakhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Isikhova esineqhwa
Isikhova esineqhwa, noma njengoba abaningi besibiza kanjalo, isikhova esimhlophe, sisohlobo lohlobo lwezikhova, umndeni wezikhova ezi-oda lezikhova. Le nyoni yathola igama layo lesibili ngezimpaphe zayo ezimhlophe, ezisabalele emzimbeni wonke. Esigabeni sokuqala, lolu hlobo lwalufakwe kuhlobo oluhlukile, kepha izazi zesayensi yanamuhla zikholelwa ukuthi isikhova esineqhwa singaphansi kohlobo lwezikhova.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane ye-paleontological, ukhokho ovamile wazo zonke izikhova waphila cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-80 edlule. Izinhlobo ezithile, kufaka phakathi mhlawumbe isikhova esineqhwa, zasakazeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 ngaphambi kokuvela komuntu. Obunye bobufakazi (kodwa hhayi bodwa) bokudala kwabo ukuthi bande kakhulu kumazwekazi ahlukene, futhi banokubukeka okufanayo, yize izikhova ngokwazo zingalokothi zindiza zinqamule ulwandle.
Ividiyo: I-Snowy Owl
Izici zesici sazo zonke izikhova zifaka iqiniso lokuthi azinazo izinhlamvu zamehlo, ngakho-ke amehlo acishe afane nesakhiwo ngezibonakude. Amehlo awakwazi ukunyakaza, kepha ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kunxephezele lokhu kushoda ngokuhamba kwekhanda, okungazungeza cishe ukujika okugcwele entanyeni (ukucacisa, ama-280 degrees - 140 ohlangothini ngalunye). Ngaphezu kwalokho, banamehlo abukhali kakhulu.
Izikhova azinawo amabili, kodwa zimbili ngamehlo amajwabu amehlo, ngalinye elenza umsebenzi walo. Enye iyadingeka ukucwayiza, enye ukuvikela amehlo ngesikhathi sokulala, enye isetshenziswa njengamawiper ezimoto ukuzigcina ihlanzekile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Owl White Snowy
Isikhova esineqhwa sikhulu kakhulu maqondana nesizinda sezinye izinyoni ze-tundra. Amaphiko ayo aphakathi nendawo ayimitha elilodwa nohhafu. Usayizi owaziwa kakhulu ufike kuma-cm ayi-175. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa lapho abesifazane bebakhulu kunabesilisa. Ikakhulu, ubude bomzimba wabo buqala ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha kuye kumashumi ayisikhombisa, kanti ubukhulu besilisa bungamasentimitha angama-65 kuphela. Isisindo somzimba sabesifazane naso sikhulu - cishe amakhilogremu amathathu. Abesilisa banesisindo ngokwesilinganiso samakhilogremu amabili nengxenye kuphela.
Impaphe ye-Snowy Owl iminyene kakhulu futhi ifudumele ngokwanele. Ngisho nemilenze imbozwe izimpaphe ezinhle ezibukeka njengoboya. Izimpaphe ezincane nazo zifihla umlomo wenyoni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlala ezimeni sezulu eshubisa umnkantsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpaphe zesikhova zinesakhiwo esikhethekile sokundiza, okwenza ikwazi ukundiza cishe ngokuthula. Esinye isici ukuthi isikhova esimhlophe sichitha ngokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka. Uqala ukukhipha izimpaphe zawo ezindala ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi okwesibili ngonyaka - ekupheleni kwekwindla.
Umbala, njengoba kungaqondakala vele egameni lesibili lenyoni, umhlophe. Kuhambisana ngokuphelele nendawo okuhlala kuyo izikhova ezibandayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ihlangana nesizinda esineqhwa, isikhova sihlala singabonakali kwizilwane nakwizisulu zaso. Ngokwesayensi, umbala onjalo ofana nesizinda ubizwa ngokuthi yi-patronizing. Kukhona izindawo ezimnyama ezimpapheni. Indawo yabo ihlukile enyonini ngayinye, njengezigxivizo zeminwe kubantu.
Ikhanda lale nyoni libanzi futhi liyindilinga, linezindlebe ezincane nezicishe zingabonakali. Kodwa ngobuncane baso, isikhova sinokuzwa okuhle kakhulu futhi sikwazi ukuzwa amagundane ngisho nalapho siqhelelene kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi isikhova sizwa kangcono izikhathi eziphindwe kane kunekati elifuywayo. Amehlo ayindilinga, aphuzi ngokugqamile. Azikho izinhlamvu zamehlo, njengezinye izikhova. I-Fluffy eyelashes ingashintshwa emehlweni. Uqhwaku lumnyama, kodwa alubonakali, njengoba lufihlwe izimpaphe. Izikhova azinawo amazinyo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ikhanda lesikhova esineqhwa lihamba kakhulu futhi lingajika kalula okungenani ama-270 degrees. Lokhu kusiza isikhova kakhulu lapho sizingela.
Uhlala kuphi isikhova esineqhwa?
Isithombe: Inyoni yesikhova esineqhwa
Le nyoni ingumhlali ojwayelekile wezindawo ezisenyakatho, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres. Indawo yokuhlala yayo inabalele ezindaweni ezinezimbali eziseRussia naseCanada.
Abantu batholakala eziqhingini zase-Arctic Ocean, kufaka phakathi:
- ngoNovaya Zemlya;
- eSvalbard;
- esiQhingini saseWrangel;
- eGreenland.
Eqinisweni, izikhova ezineqhwa zihlala kuyo yonke i-Arctic. Phambilini, izinyoni zazitholakala nasendaweni yaseScandinavia, okukhonjiswa kupelingi lesiLatini kwegama lenyoni iNyctea scandiac. Kepha manje bayizivakashi ezingavamile kakhulu lapho.
Le nyoni iyahamba kancane. Lokho wukuthi, inezindawo zobusika nezokwakha izidleke. Kepha abanye abantu bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni zokwakha ubusika. Ngasikhathi sinye, bakhetha izindawo ezingamboziwe kakhulu yiqhwa noma iqhwa. Izikhova ezineqhwa zifuduka phakathi nasekwindla yekhalenda, bese zibuyela emuva ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kwesinye isikhathi, kepha kuyaqabukela, izinyoni zindiza ziye ezifundeni ezibhekwa njengezaseningizimu. Isibonelo, izikhova ezineqhwa ziye zabonakala eKhabarovsk Territory, eNyakatho Japan naseNhlonhlweni yaseKorea.
Isikhova sikhetha ukuhlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivulekile, kwesinye isikhathi phakathi kwamagquma amancane asezintabeni, ngoba asindiza ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isikhova esineqhwa sizama ukugwema ihlathi, sinamathela kakhulu kwi-tundra nasehlathini-ehlathini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuzingelwa ezindaweni ezinotshani obuphezulu. Ngezikhathi zendlala, kwenzeka ukuthi izinyoni zindiza ziye ezigodini ziyofuna ukudla, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela.
Sidlani isikhova esineqhwa?
Isithombe: Isikhova esineqhwa e-tundra
Isikhova esineqhwa siyisilwane esivamile esizingelayo. Udla ukudla kwesilwane kuphela futhi akadli izitshalo. Ujwayele ukudla okungenani amagundane amane ngosuku. Umuntu omdala akakwazi ukuthola imali encane ngokwanele. Phakathi nonyaka, isikhova esidala sidla cishe amagundane angama-1600 anjengegundane, ikakhulukazi ulamula. Izikhova zigwinya izilwane ezincane ziphelele khona lapho, futhi ngaphambi kokudla inyamazane enkulu, ziyithatha ziyise kuzo, bese ziyazihlukanisa bese zidla lezo zingcezu ngokwehlukana. Isikhova sibuyisa uboya namathambo.
Ngaphezu kwamagundane, ukudla kwesikhova se-polar yile:
- hares;
- ama-pikas;
- i-ermines nezinye izidalwa ezincane;
- izimpungushe baby polar;
- amadada namahansi amancane;
- izingxenye.
Ezinye izinto zilingana, ehlobo, isikhova esimhlophe sithanda ukudla amagundane amancane. Imvamisa izingela izilwane ezinkulu (ezihlobene nosayizi wayo) ebusika. Izikhova eziningi ezineqhwa nazo ziye zabonwa zidla izinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazideleli izidumbu ebusika.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhova esineqhwa sizingela phansi. Uhlala phansi endaweni ephakeme futhi uyabuka. Lapho ibona inyamazane, ishaya izimpiko zayo ngokucijile, bese indizela phezulu kunogundane bese inamathela kuyo ngezinzipho zayo. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi isikhova esineqhwa sisebenzisa enye indlela yokuzingela - endizeni esezingeni eliphansi.
Uma inyamazane ekuqaleni inkulu kunesikhova uqobo noma ubukhulu bayo buqhathaniswa, lapho-ke, lapho inyuka iya phezulu, iluma isisulu bese ilenga kulowo ohlukunyeziwe ize iyeke ukumelana nayo. Bese kuthi inyoni ishaye isisulu ngomlomo waso. Yile ndlela okwenzeka ngayo ukuzingelwa konogwaja.
Ukuzingela kuvame ukuqala kusihlwa, kepha isikhova esimhlophe asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi inyoni yasebusuku. Ukuhamba ngokuzingela kungenzeka futhi ekuseni kakhulu ngemuva kwekhefu elide. Ngokungafani nezinye izikhova, isikhova esimhlophe asikwesabi ngokuphelele ukukhanya kwelanga.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Owl Northern Snowy
Izikhova ezimhlophe zivame ukuhlala kude nabantu, ngakho-ke akubona bonke abantu abangazibona. Inyoni, njenganoma yisiphi isilwane esinamandla, inesimo sayo. Unamandla futhi uqine. Cishe zonke izikhova ezineqhwa zihlala zodwa. Zakha ngazimbili kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, futhi kuphela ngalesi sikhathi zisebenza ndawonye.
Izikhova zingenza imisindo yokuxhumana kanye nokwethusa izitha. Imisindo ifana nokukhala, i-hooting futhi kwesinye isikhathi ithinta ama-trill. Izikhova ziyaxhumana kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ngakho-ke zivame ukuthula.
Isikhova sichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yaso noma sisephusheni noma silandela umkhondo wezilwane. Isici esithandekayo sesikhova se-polar ukuthi sikwazi ukuhola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke. Zonke izikhova zizingela ebusuku kuphela.
Izikhova zizingelwa kakhulu ngamakhemikhali namanye amagundane afana namagundane. Ngokuqothula amagundane, izikhova ezineqhwa zilawula ngokuqinile izinombolo zazo. Inzuzo yalokhu ukuthi ngale ndlela babandakanyeka ngqo ekwakheni i-tundra ecosystem. Okunye okubalulekile emvelweni kwezikhova ukuthi ziyisici ekudlekeni ngempumelelo kwezinye izinyoni zaseTrundra.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izikhova ezinesithwathwa azizingeli eduze kwezidleke zazo, futhi zivikela ngonya indawo ebazungezile ebangeni elingaba yikhilomitha. Ezinye izinyoni, njengama-seagulls, ziyasazi lesi sici futhi ngokukhethekile zidla eceleni kwezikhova ukuze kuvele ukuthi nazo zigada izidleke zazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amachwane e-Snowy owl
Njengoba izikhova ezibandayo zinesizungu, azinalo uhlobo oluthile lwesakhiwo sazo senhlalo. Ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, bakha ngababili abangabodwana, kepha kaningi abalahlwayo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezikhova ezineqhwa siphakathi nentwasahlobo yekhalenda.
Njengesibonakaliso sokuthandana nentokazi, owesilisa uletha ukudla kwakhe, andize amzungeze, ashaye izimpiko zakhe ngokuqinile, futhi ahambe eceleni kwakhe, aminyene. Imvamisa isipho siyisidumbu esiwulamula. Ukuheha insikazi, angahlela futhi nemincintiswano yokubonisa, egijima phezu kwamagquma, kwesinye isikhathi ahumushe imisindo ehlukahlukene.
Uma owesifazane evuma, khona-ke lo mbhangqwana uqala ukunakekela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, abayakhela isidleke. Isidleke silula. Ihlala emhlabathini ongenalutho, lapho inyoni idonsa khona imbobo noma ukucindezeleka okuncane ngezinzipho zayo. Ngokwengeziwe, isidleke singafakwa ngotshani obomile, izikhumba zamagundane noma izimpaphe ezindala naphansi. Izikhova zivame ukuba nesidleke emithambekeni eyomile. Eziqhingini, izidleke zakhiwe onqenqemeni lwamawa asogwini.
Amaqanda e-Owl awabekwa ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ngokulandelana. Iqanda elilodwa ngosuku. Yize lesi sikhathi singaba side kakhulu, sifinyelele isonto lonke. Ngakho-ke, amaphuphu esidlekeni esisodwa ahlala eneminyaka ehlukene. Abesifazane bafukamela amaqanda inyanga yonke. Amachwane achamisela ngokulandelana kwamaqanda. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, owesilisa uthatha umthwalo wokufuna ukudla. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho kunamachwane amaningi, insikazi ijoyina ukuzingela. Imvamisa insikazi ihlala esidlekeni ivikele amatshwele namaqanda ekungeneleleni kwezilwane ezizingelayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Eminyakeni eyondliwe kahle, inani lamachwane esidlekeni ngasinye lingafinyelela ku-15. Eminyakeni enebhadi, cishe uhhafu wenani lamaqanda abekwa, kepha kukhona nezimo lapho amazinyane angaveli nhlobo.
Ama-owlets ngokuvamile amukelwa ngokushesha. Amehlo abo avuleka ngosuku lweshumi. Imvamisa ngasikhathi sinye zigcwala i-fluff-brown brown flu, ezobe isishintshwa ngesikhathi se-molt yokuqala. Bona ngokwabo baqala ukukhasa baphume esidlekeni, kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu bazame ukusuka. Ukuthomba kwabo kuza ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuphila sesikhova esineqhwa ngokuvamile sifinyelela eminyakeni eyishumi kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu. Ekuthunjweni, izikhova zihlala kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
Izitha zemvelo zezikhova ezineqhwa
Isithombe: Isikhova esineqhwa endizeni
Njengoba isikhova esineqhwa sibukeka njengenyoni enkulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhamizi zase-tundra, kuyaqabukela kuhlaselwe. Kepha, noma kunjalo, isikhova esimhlophe naso sinezitha, ngoba amatshwele aso asengcupheni yezilwane ezizingelayo. Amachwane achanyuselwe avame ukuzingelwa izimpungushe nezimpungushe zase-Arctic, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngama-skuas. Izimpungushe zase-Arctic nazo ziyathanda ukugibela ezidlekeni zidle amaqanda esikhova. Ngenxa yokuthi ukubanjwa kwezikhova namazinyane azo kuthinteka kakhulu izimpungushe zase-Arctic, izimpungushe zase-Arctic zibhekwa njengesitha esikhulu sesikhova esimhlophe.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukufa kwamatshwele kungenxa yokuziphatha okweqile kwabadala. Amachwane amakhulu akwazi ukubulala umfowethu omncane, bese edla nokudla. Kepha ubuzimuzimu ngokuvamile buyivelakancane kakhulu kubo. Imvamisa, izikhova ezincane zibulawa indlala ngenxa yokuthi amaphuphu amadala asusa ukudla okulethwe abazali bawo.
Izilwane azizingeli neze izikhova ezindala, kepha uma lokhu kwenzeka, isikhova sandlala amaphiko aso sisabise isitha, sikhombise ukuhlaselwa okungamanga. Imvamisa, izikhova ezineqhwa zimane zindiza zibalekele izilwane ezidla ezinye, sezizwile noma zabona isitha sisendleleni. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi isikhova esidala sibanjwa impungushe esepolar noma esinye isilwane esingalindele ngokumangala, khona-ke ivele iwele phezu komhlane wayo bese ilwa nesitha ngezidladla zayo eziminyene.
Uma isitha sihlasela isidleke sesikhova, lapho-ke sizama ukuvimba indlela yaso ukuze sivikele amaphuphu. Ishaya amaphiko ayo phambi kwesifonyo somzingeli, ngezikhathi ezithile iyandiza bese iwela phezu kwayo, iyibambe ngozipho. Ngokuvamile izinyathelo ezinjalo zanele.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isikhova Esikhulu Esineqhwa
Namuhla, izikhova ezineqhwa ziyizinhlobo ezingavamile. ENyakatho Melika, inani labantu selinciphile ngo-53% kusukela maphakathi nawo-1960. Kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi isithombe kungenzeka sifane naseRussia nasezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zeYurophu. Okwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ezindaweni ezivamile zokuhlala, inani lezinyoni lehle ngokusobala, futhi seziye zajwayeleka kakhulu.
Lezi zinhlobo zisesimweni sokuba sengozini, kepha kuze kube manje azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, futhi akukho zinyathelo ezingeziwe ezithathiwe ukuvikela izikhova ezineqhwa. Ubuningi besidleke salezi zinyoni cishe kungamabhangqa angamashumi amahlanu ngamakhilomitha-skwele ayikhulu. Isibalo sabantu emhlabeni sibalelwa ku-28,000, nokuningi impela. Kepha abanye ososayensi babheka le datha njengeyedlulele ngokweqile, futhi basikisela ukuthi izikhova ezineqhwa maduze zizothola isimo seNcwadi Ebomvu.
Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi yini ebangele ukwehla kwenani lezikhova ezineqhwa. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungadlala indima kulokhu, njengoba kuthinta ubukhulu bokuphakelwa kokudla. Okunye ukulimala kwabantu kudalwa yimisebenzi yabantu. Kuyenzeka lokho isikhova esineqhwa ufela ezingibeni. Izingibe ezindaweni eziningi zibekwa ngokukhethekile abazingeli abazingelayo. Izikhova nazo ziyafa eNyakatho Melika lapho zingqubuzana nezimoto noma ulayini wamandla aphezulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/30/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-11: 51
