Naphezu kwenkolelo evamile, akuzona zonke izinkukhu ezibukeka zifana; izinyoni ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nemibala. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka komzimba wenkukhu kuvamile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo:
- kunalokho umzimba oyindilinga uthwele ngekhanda elincanyana;
- ukukhula kwe-squat;
- izimpaphe eziminyene;
- intshebe nekama ekhanda.
Izinhlobo zezinkukhu
Ukulwa
Lezi zinyoni zivumelaniswa nokulwa okude (kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube amahora we-0.5). Izinhlobo zenziwa ngabantu, kucatshangelwa imininingwane yomsebenzi. Izinkukhu zimpompwa nge-steroids, izimpaphe ziyakhishwa.
Uhlobo lwaseBelgium
Izinyathelo ezinzima ekukhetheni kwabo kwaholela ekuveleni kwamaqhude amakhulu ohlobo lwaseBelgium. Zinesisindo esiphakathi kuka-3.5 no-5.5 kg. Abalwi kahle kuphela, kepha futhi baletha namachwane amaningi ngenyama emnandi.
Uhlobo oluncane u-Azil
Izinhlobo ezincane ze-Azil zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-2,5 kg, zinolaka, futhi zihlasela abantu.
Uhlobo lwe-Uzbek
Izinhlobo zezinkukhu zase-Uzbek zilwa kanzima, phakathi kwemincintiswano isetshenziselwa ukubeka inani elikhulu lamaqanda.
Izinkukhu zaseMoscow
Izinkukhu zaseMoscow zinesisindo esisuka ku-2.7 kuye ku-6 kg. Abantu abafuyile ikakhulukazi hhayi ukuncintisana, kodwa inyama.
Izinkukhu zokulwa zaseJapan
Izinkukhu zokulwa zaseJapan azivumelanisiwe nezimo ezinzima zokuboshwa, zifa ngenxa yesithwathwa kaningi kunezimpi.
Okuhlobisa
Isisekelo saseRussia
AmaCrested aseRussia azuze ukuzwelana nesikhumba esihle. Umgomo oyinhloko wokukhethwa kwalolu hlobo lwezinkukhu ukubukeka okungavamile.
USibright
Izinkukhu ezincane zinesisindo esisuka ku-400 kuye ku-500 amagremu, kodwa zinomsila omuhle omise okwabalandeli futhi zithwala amaqanda afinyelela kuma-90 ngonyaka.
Isi-Paduan
IPaduan, ngaphezu kobuhle, nayo ivundile, umnikazi uthola amaqanda ayi-120 ngonyaka.
Izinkukhu ezimnyama ezinamakhanda amhlophe zaseDashi
Izinkukhu ezimnyama ezinezinwele ezimhlophe zaseDashi zihle ngaphandle, kepha zifuna ukuzigcina.
Izikhukhukazi ezisontekile
Izinkukhu zizalela uShabo
UShabo ugcinwe epulazini ngenxa yezimpaphe zalo ezingavamile.
Inyama
Lezi izinkukhu ezinkulu ezinomlingiswa olinganiselayo, zikhiqiza inyama eningi, amaqanda ambalwa noma azali nhlobo.
I-Cornish
I-Cornish enesisindo esifinyelela ku-5 kg, izalela amaqanda afinyelela ku-160 ngonyaka.
UMechelen
Inyama yabo inamanzi futhi ithambile, futhi amaqanda abo makhulu.
Brama
IBrahma inesisindo esifinyelela ku-6 kg, zinamathiselwe kumnikazi, kuyisicefe ngisho nokuziqothula.
Inyama
Lezi yizinkukhu zomhlaba wonke, zithola inyama namaqanda, ngokuthobeka, azidingi izimo ezikhethekile.
I-Kyrgyz grey
Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezintathu ezinethenda nenyama emnandi, ziveza amaqanda afinyelela kwangu-180, zihlala endaweni efudumele. Izinkukhu zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-2.7 kg, amaqhude - 3.5.
UBarnevelder
IBarnevelder inesisindo esingu-3.75 kg futhi ithola amaqanda ayi-180 ngonyaka.
I-Yurlovskie
I-Yurlovskie vociferous ngaphandle kwamaqanda ayi-160 izonikeza inyama engu-3.3 kg, ifukamele amaqanda ngokuzimela.
Abamhlophe baseLeningrad
Amaqanda amhlophe eLeningrad abeka amaqanda ayi-160-180 minyaka yonke. Banesisindo esingu-4.3 kilos.
Izinhlobo zezinkukhu ze-salmon zezinkukhu
Amaqhude angu-4.5 kg. Izinkukhu zizalela amaqanda angama-280 ngonyaka.
UKotlyarevsky
AmaKotlyarevskies anesisindo esingu-3.2-4 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kusuka emaqanda ayi-155 / ngonyaka.
Izinkukhu ezingenazinwele
Izithelo ezinqunu zifinyelela kumaqanda ayi-180, inyama engu-2-3.5 kg.
Izinkukhu zePoltava
Izendlalelo zePoltava ziletha amaqanda ayi-190.
Izinkukhu ezibomvu ezinomsila obomvu
Ama-red-tailed afinyelela ku-4.5 kg, amaqanda akhiqiza izicucu ezingafika ku-160.
Izinhlobo zamaqanda ezinkukhu
Lokhu kungukukhetha kwalabo abathengisa amaqanda emakethe.
Umhlophe waseRussia kuveza amaqanda angama-250 - 300.
I-Leghorn
ILeghorn ibeka amaqanda nsuku zonke kusuka emasontweni ayi-17 ubudala.
IMinorca
AmaMinorcas abekela amaqanda angama-200.
Intendele yaseNtaliyane
Ipartridge yase-Italy ikhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela ku-240.
Inkukhu yaseHamburg
Isikhukhukazi saseHamburg sihle futhi sizala - amaqanda angama-220 ungqimba ngamunye ngonyaka.
Inkukhu yegolide yaseCzech
Igolide laseCzech likhiqiza amaqanda ayi-170 anesisindo esingu-55-60 amagremu.
Izinhlobo ezingavamile
Lezi zinkukhu zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa:
Aracuana, izwe lakubo eNingizimu Melika, lizalela amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
UGudan, imvelaphi - France. Isidumbu ekhanda nentshebe eluhlaza siyathandwa yizazi zezinyoni.
Yokohama - isikhukhukazi esizolile, kepha esimangazayo, sifa ngokushesha ezimeni ezingafanele.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinkukhu
Kunezinhlobo zezinkukhu ezibalelwa ku-175, ezihlelwe zaba amakilasi ayi-12 nezinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-60. Isigaba siyiqembu lezinhlobo ezivela endaweni efanayo. Amagama ngokwawo - ama-Asia, amaMelika, iMedithera, namanye akhombisa indawo lapho izinyoni zivela khona.
Ukuzala kusho iqembu elinesethi ethile yezici zomzimba, njengokuma komzimba, umbala wesikhumba, ukuma nenombolo yezinzwane. Izinhlobonhlobo zingaphansi kwesigaba sohlobo olususelwa kumbala wophaphe, ibanga noma umbala wentshebe. Uhlobo ngalunye kufanele lube nesimo somzimba esifanayo nezimpawu zomzimba. Uhlobo lwezinkukhu ezithengiswayo yiqembu noma isibalo sabantu esizalwe sathuthukiswa ngabantu ukufeza izici ezithile ezifunwayo.
Incazelo yokubonakala kwenkukhu
Ezinyonini, imilenze imbozwe izikali, ngezinzipho ezicijile zibamba izinto. Izinkukhu akuzona nje ezimhlophe, ezinsundu futhi ezimnyama - ziyigolide, isiliva, obomvu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okotshani!
Amaqhude amadala (abesilisa) anama-combs abomvu abomvu kanye nezimpaphe ezishayayo, imisila emikhulu nezimpaphe ezicijile ezicijile. Amaqhude anezinhlayiya zezidladla zawo, azisebenzisa empini namanye amaduna. Kwezinye izinhlobo, “intshebe” yezimpaphe iyabonakala ngaphansi komlomo ophansi.
Izinkukhu zimbozwe izimpaphe, kodwa zinezinwele ezihlakazekile ezisakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Umthengi ojwayelekile akaziboni lezi zinwele ngoba zishisiwe endaweni yokulungisa izinto. Inkukhu inomlomo, ayinamazinyo. Ukudla kuhlafunwa esiswini. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezinkukhu abathengisayo abafaki amatshe amancane ekudleni kwezinkukhu zabo, izinyoni eziqoqa ngotshani emadlelweni amahhala, zibondla ngokudla okuhambisanayo okuhle okugaywa ngokushesha ngamajusi wokugaya ukudla.
Izinkukhu zinamathambo angenalutho, okwenza umzimba ubelula ukundiza uma inyoni ingalahlekelwanga amandla okwenza okungenani izindiza ezimfishane.
Izinkukhu zinamasaka omoya ayi-13, okuthi, futhi, enze umzimba ube lula, futhi la masaka ayingxenye esebenzayo yohlelo lokuphefumula.
Okunye okukuhlukanisayo nezinyoni eziningi ukuthi isikhukhukazi sinekama nezintshebe ezimbili. I-crest yisijobelelo esibomvu ngaphezulu kwekhanda, kanti ama-barbs yizincasiselo ezimbili ezingaphansi kwesilevu. Lezi yizici zesibili zobulili futhi zibonakala kakhulu kumaqhude.
Ikama nomlando wokufuywa kwenkukhu
Ikama lasebenza njengesisekelo segama lesiLatini noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkukhu. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiLatin, i-gallus isho ikama, kanti inkukhu yasekhaya isho iGallus domesticus. Inkukhu yasebhange (ebomvu) yasehlathini - ukhokho wezinkukhu eziningi ezifuywayo, ngesiLatini ibizwa ngeGallus bankiva. Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinkukhu ezifuywayo ezaziwayo namuhla kukholakala ukuthi zavela eGallus bankiva, ebizwa nangokuthi yiGallus gallus yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho isekhona emvelweni. Izinkukhu ezifuywayo zakhuliswa eNdiya ekuqaleni konyaka ka-3200 BC kanti amarekhodi akhombisa ukuthi zazigcinwa eChina naseGibhithe ngonyaka we-1400 BC.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zamakhekhe ezinkukhu abonwa izazi zebhayoloji:
- okwenziwe ngeqabunga elilodwa;
- okubomvana;
- ngesimo se-pea pod;
- okwenziwe ngomcamelo;
- nutty;
- uqweqwe;
- Okumise okwe-V;
- ukushisa.
Inkukhu yinyoni engandizi
Imilenze emibili namaphiko amabili kusekela futhi kulawula ukunyakaza komzimba. Izinkukhu ezifuywayo zilahlekelwe amandla azo okundiza. Izinhlobo ezisindayo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza inyama zenza amaphiko amancane amaphiko azo, zeqe ziye ezingeni eliphakeme kancane, bese zihamba phansi. Izinyoni ezinemizimba ekhanyayo zindiza ibanga elifushane, kanti ezinye zindiza ngocingo oluphakeme kakhulu.
Izinkukhu zihlala isikhathi esingakanani, futhi yini enquma impilo yazo
Izinkukhu zihlala isikhathi esifushane. Ezinye izibonelo ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-15, kepha yizo ezehlukile, hhayi umthetho. Ekukhiqizweni kwezentengiselwano, amaqanda ezinyoni cishe anezinyanga eziyi-18 ubudala kushintshwa izinkukhu ezintsha. Kuthatha isikhukhukazi esinsikazi cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukuvuthwa bese siqala ukubeka amaqanda. Bese bakhiqiza amaqanda izinyanga eziyi-12-14. Ngemuva kwalokho, inani lezomnotho lezinkukhu lehla ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ziyahlatshwa lapho zinezinyanga eziyi-18 ubudala.
Izinkukhu zinezinyama zombili ezimhlophe (zamabele) nezimnyama (imilenze, amathanga, umhlane nentamo). Izimpiko ziqukethe zombili imicu ekhanyayo nemnyama.
Izinyoni ezifuywayo ezithobekile kukholakala ukuthi zivela ezikhukhuni ezibomvu nezimpunga ezihlala emahlathini aseNdiya. Izazi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi inkukhu efuyiwe ihlobene kakhulu nenkukhu yasehlathini ngenxa yombala ophuzi wesikhumba sayo. Ngaphandle, izinkukhu zasendle nezasekhaya ziyafana, kepha inyama evela ezinkukhu zasehlathini inika cishe isigamu kunenkukhu yasemapulazini.
Izinkukhu zafuywa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10 000 eyedlule lapho amaNdiya nabaseVietnam beqala ukufuya izinkukhu zenyama, izimpaphe namaqanda. Ukufuywa kwezinkukhu kukholakala ukuthi kusabalale ngokushesha kulo lonke elase-Asia, eYurophu nase-Afrika, okwenza inkukhu ibe yisilwane esithandwa kakhulu ngabantu kuze kube manje.
Kunezinkukhu okungenani eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25 emhlabeni, okuyisibalo esiphezulu sezinyoni emhlabeni. Inkukhu ivame ukukhula cishe ibe ngu-40 cm ukuphakama.
Indoda eyizinkukhu ibizwa ngokuthi iqhude noma iqhude. Insikazi ibizwa ngokuthi isikhukhukazi, kanti amawundlu amancane aphuzi aluhlaza abizwa ngezinkukhu. Izinkukhu zihlala emvelweni kuze kube yiminyaka emi-4 noma emi-5, kepha izinhlobo ezikhuliswe ngokuhweba zivame ukuhlatshwa zinonyaka owodwa ubudala.
Zidlani izinkukhu emvelweni
Izinkukhu zingama-omnivores, okusho ukuthi zidla ingxube yezinto zezitshalo nezilwane. Yize izinkukhu zivame ukugoqa izidladla zazo phansi zifuna imbewu, amajikijolo nezinambuzane, zaziwa nangokuthi zidla izilwane ezinkulu ezinjengezibankwa ngisho namagundane.
Izitha zemvelo zezinkukhu emvelweni
Izinkukhu ziyizisulu ezilula zezilwane eziningi ezibandakanya izimpungushe, amakati, izinja, ama-raccoon, izinyoka namagundane amakhulu. Amaqanda enkukhu ayisidlwana esidumile sezilwane futhi abuye abiwe ngezinye izinhlobo, kufaka phakathi izinyoni ezinkulu nama-weasel.
Isigaba sokuphatha sezinyoni
Izinkukhu ziyizidalwa ezinobungane, futhi zijabule ngokuzungeza ezinye izinkukhu. Umhlambi owodwa wesikhukhukazi ungaba nenani lezinkukhu, kodwa inye kuphela iqhude, okungowesilisa ovelele. Ukhahlela ezinye izinkukhu emhlambini lapho sezinkulu ngokwanele ukuba zibe usongo kuye. Owesilisa ovelele ungumlingani wezocansi wazo zonke izinkukhu ezisemhlambini.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwendoda nezinkukhu
Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezinkukhu kuthengiswa emhlabeni wonke, lapho zondliwa khona ngenkani futhi zigcinwa emapulazini ezinamakhulu ezinkulungwane zezinye izinkukhu, imvamisa zingenayo indawo yokuhambahamba.
Izinkukhu ezizalela amaqanda emakhejini amancane zihlabe lapho zingasawakhiqizi amaqanda. Izimo ezihlala izinkukhu ziyanyanyisa, ngakho-ke abathandi bezinkukhu kufanele baqoqe amakhophi ambalwa athe xaxa enyameni ephilayo noma ngamaqanda ezinkukhu ezizulazula mahhala.
Ukusuka ekubhekaneni namakhosi kuya emibukisweni ehlotshisiwe
Ukufuywa kokuqala kwale nyoni kwakusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulwa iqhude kunokuba kudliwe. Ukulwa namakhoba kwavinjelwa ezweni laseNtshonalanga kwafakwa imibukiso yenkukhu ngekhulu le-18. Imibukiso yenkukhu yaqala eMelika ngo-1849. Intshisekelo kule mibukiso yanda, futhi izinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo zaqhubeka futhi zaqhubeka ukutshalwa, okwaholela ekuveleni kwenqwaba yezinhlobo zezinkukhu ezisekhona eMhlabeni.
Isikhukhukazi
Kwesinye isikhathi isikhukhukazi siyofukamela amaqanda. Kulesi sifundazwe, ibizwa ngokuthi isikhukhukazi sezinkukhu. Uhlala anganyakazi esidlekeni futhi uyabhikisha uma ephazanyiswa noma esuswa kuso. Isikhukhukazi sishiya isidleke sizodla, siphuze noma sigeze othulini kuphela. Uma nje isikhukhukazi sisesidlekeni, sijikisa amaqanda njalo, sigcine izinga lokushisa nomswakama njalo.
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokufukamela, okuyizinsuku ezingama-21 ngokwesilinganiso, amaqanda (uma evundisiwe) azochanyuselwa futhi isikhukhukazi siqale ukunakekela amaphuphu. Njengoba amaqanda engaqanduli ngasikhathi sinye (isikhukhukazi sizalela iqanda elilodwa njalo emahoreni angama-25 noma ngaphezulu), isikhukhukazi sihlala esidlekeni cishe izinsuku ezimbili ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa kwamachwane okuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu amancane aphila ngesikhuphasha seqanda, asigaye ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa. Isikhukhukazi sizwa amaphuphu ephosa futhi ephenduka ngaphakathi kwamaqanda, bese uchofoza ngobumnene igobolondo ngomlomo walo, okwenza amachwane ukuthi asebenze. Uma amaqanda engafakwanga umquba futhi achanyuselwa, amazinyane agcina esekhathala yinyoni futhi ashiye isidleke.
Izinhlobo zezinkukhu zanamuhla zazalulwa ngaphandle kwemvelo yomama. Awafukameli amaqanda, futhi noma eba yizikhukhukazi, asishiya isidleke ngaphandle kwengxenye yethemu. Izinhlobo zezinkukhu ezifuywayo zihlala zizalela amaqanda ngenzalo, zichanyusele izinkukhu futhi zibe omama abahle kakhulu.
