Umphakathi wanamuhla awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezokuthutha. Manje kusetshenziswa amaloli nezimoto zomphakathi, ezinikezwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamandla ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba. Njengamanje, lezi zimoto ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba:
- imoto (amabhasi, izimoto, amabhasi amancane);
- ujantshi (isitimela, izitimela, izitimela zikagesi);
- imikhumbi yamanzi (izikebhe, izikebhe, imikhumbi yeziqukathi, amathangi, izikebhe, imikhumbi);
- umoya (izindiza, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane);
- ezokuthutha ngogesi (trams, trolleybuses).
Yize iqiniso lokuthi ezokuthutha zikwenza kusheshe ukusheshisa isikhathi sakho konke ukuhamba kwabantu hhayi kuphela ebusweni bomhlaba, kepha ngomoya nangamanzi, izimoto ezahlukahlukene zinomthelela emvelweni.
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo
Uhlobo ngalunye lwezokuthutha lungcolisa imvelo, kepha inzuzo enkulu - i-85% yokungcola kwenziwa ukuthuthwa komgwaqo, okukhipha amagesi okukhipha. Izimoto, amabhasi nezinye izimoto zalolu hlobo kuholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene:
- ukungcoliswa komoya;
- Umphumela wokushisa;
- ukungcola komsindo;
- ukungcoliswa kwamandla kagesi;
- ukuwohloka kwempilo yabantu neyezilwane.
Ukuthuthwa kolwandle
Ezokuthutha zasolwandle zingcolisa i-hydrosphere ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngoba amanzi namanzi angcolile asetshenziselwa ukugeza imikhumbi yokubhukuda angena emadamini. Izitshalo zamandla zemikhumbi zingcolisa umoya ngamagesi ahlukahlukene. Uma amathangi ethwala imikhiqizo kawoyela, kunengozi yokungcola kukawoyela kwamanzi.
Ukuthuthwa komoya
Ukuthuthwa komoya ngokuyinhloko kungcolisa umkhathi. Zitholwa kumagesi enjini yezindiza. Ukuthuthwa komoya kudedela i-carbon dioxide ne-nitrogen oxides, umhwamuko wamanzi nama-oxide e-sulfur, ama-carbon oxides kanye ne-particulate matter emoyeni.
Ukuhamba ngogesi
Ukuthuthwa kukagesi kufaka isandla ekungcolisweni kwemvelo ngokusebenzisa imisebe kagesi, umsindo nokudlidliza. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwayo, izinto ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi zingena kwi-biosphere.
Ngakho-ke, lapho kusebenza izinhlobonhlobo zezimoto, kwenzeka ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Izinto ezinobungozi zingcolisa amanzi, inhlabathi, kodwa iningi lazo zonke izinto ezingcolisayo zingena emkhathini. Lawa yi-carbon monoxide, ama-oxide, izinhlanganisela ezisindayo nezinto ezinomphunga. Ngenxa yalokhu, akuveli nje kuphela umphumela wokushisa kwendlu, kepha nemvula ene-asidi iyawa, inani lezifo liyanda futhi isimo sempilo yabantu siba sibi.
