Imvelo ithonywa ngabantu, okufaka isandla ekungcolisweni kwemithombo yemvelo. Njengoba abantu besebenza ezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene zokuphathwa kwemvelo, isimo somoya, amanzi, inhlabathi kanye ne-biosphere kukonke kuyawohloka. Ukungcola kwemithombo yemvelo kungokulandelayo:
- amakhemikhali;
- anobuthi;
- okushisayo;
- ngomshini;
- enemisebe.
Imithombo eyinhloko yokungcola
Ezokuthutha, okuyizimoto, kufanele kukhulunywe ngazo emithonjeni emikhulu yokungcola. Zikhipha amagesi e-exhaust, abese enqwabelana emkhathini futhi aholele kumphumela wokushisa. I-biosphere nayo ingcoliswe yizikhungo zamandla - izitshalo zamandla kagesi kagesi, izitshalo zamandla, iziteshi ezishisayo. Izinga elithile lokungcola libangelwa ezolimo nokulima, okungukuthi, izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane, umanyolo wezimbiwa, olimaza inhlabathi, ongena emifuleni, emachibini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
Esikhathini sezimayini, imithombo yemvelo ingcolile. Kuzo zonke izinto zokusetshenziswa, akukho ngaphezu kuka-5% wezinto ezisetshenziswa ngendlela emsulwa, kanti ama-95% asele yimfucuza ebuyiselwa emvelweni. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwamaminerali namatshe, kukhishwa ukungcola okulandelayo:
- isikhutha;
- uthuli;
- amagesi anobuthi;
- ama-hydrocarbon;
- i-nitrogen dioxide;
- amagesi sulphurous;
- amanzi enkwali.
I-Metallurgy ayiyona indawo yokugcina ekungcolisweni kwemvelo nezinsizakusebenza. Futhi inenqwaba yemfucuza, izinsiza zisetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa, ezingasuswa bese zingcolisa imvelo. Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwemithombo yemvelo, ukukhishwa kwezezimboni kuyenzeka, okusenza sibe sibi kakhulu isimo somkhathi. Ingozi ehlukile ukungcoliswa uthuli lwensimbi esindayo.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi
Umthombo wemvelo njengamanzi ungcoliswe kakhulu. Ikhwalithi yayo yehliswe ngamanzi amdaka asezimbonini nasekhaya, amakhemikhali, udoti nezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ikhwalithi yamanzi, okwenza angasebenziseki. Emizimbeni yamanzi, inani lezitshalo nezilwane liyancipha ngenxa yokungcola kwe-hydrosphere.
Namuhla, zonke izinhlobo zemithombo yemvelo zihlushwa ukungcola. Vele, iziphepho nokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo nama-tsunami kwenza omunye umonakalo, kepha imisebenzi ye-anthropogenic iyona eyingozi kakhulu emithonjeni yemvelo. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umthelela omubi emvelweni nokulawula izinga lokungcola kwemvelo.
