Omunye wemithombo yokungcola kwemvelo yizinsimbi ezisindayo (HM), izinto ezingaphezu kuka-40 zohlelo lweMendeleev. Babamba iqhaza ezinkambisweni eziningi zebhayoloji. Phakathi kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezivame ukungcolisa i-biosphere yilezi ezilandelayo:
- i-nickel;
- titanium;
- zinc;
- hola;
- i-vanadium;
- i-mercury;
- ikadiyamu;
- ithini;
- i-chromium;
- ithusi;
- i-manganese;
- i-molybdenum;
- imfezi.
Imithombo yokungcola kwemvelo
Ngomqondo obanzi, imithombo yokungcola kwemvelo enezinsimbi ezisindayo ingahlukaniswa ibe yemvelo neyenziwe ngabantu. Esimweni sokuqala, izakhi zamakhemikhali zingena kwi-biosphere ngenxa yokuguguleka kwamanzi nomoya, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, kanye nesimo sezulu samaminerali. Esimweni sesibili, ama-HM angena emkhathini, i-lithosphere, i-hydrosphere ngenxa yomsebenzi osebenzayo we-anthropogenic: lapho kushiswa uphethiloli wamandla, ngenkathi kusebenza izimboni zensimbi namakhemikhali, kwezolimo, ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwamaminerali, njll.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezikhungo zezimboni, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngezinsimbi ezisindayo kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:
- emoyeni ngesimo sama-aerosol, esakazeka ezindaweni ezinkulu;
- ngokuhlangana nokungcola okuvela ezimbonini, izinsimbi zingena emizimbeni yamanzi, zishintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emifula, izilwandle, izilwandle, futhi zingena nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba;
- Ngokuhlala kungqimba lomhlabathi, izinsimbi zishintsha ukwakheka kwazo, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwayo.
Ingozi yokungcola okusansimbi esindayo
Ingozi enkulu ye-HM ukuthi bangcolisa zonke izingqimba ze-biosphere. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhishwa kwentuthu nothuli kungena emkhathini, bese kwehla isimo semvula ene-asidi. Bese abantu nezilwane baphefumula umoya ongcolile, lezi zinto zingena emzimbeni wezinto eziphilayo, zibangele zonke izinhlobo zezifo nezifo.
Izinsimbi zingcolisa zonke izindawo zamanzi nemithombo yamanzi. Lokhu kudala inkinga yokushoda kwamanzi okuphuza emhlabeni. Kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba, abantu bafa hhayi kuphela ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile, ngenxa yalokho bayagula, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuphela kwamanzi.
Ukuqongelela emhlabathini, ama-HMs afaka ubuthi ezitshalweni ezikhula kuwo. Uma sezisemhlabathini, izinsimbi zifakwa ohlelweni lwempande, bese zifaka iziqu namaqabunga, izimpande nembewu. Ukweqa kwabo ngokweqile kuholela ekonakaleni kokukhula kwezimbali, ubuthi, ukuphuzi, ukubuna nokufa kwezitshalo.
Ngakho-ke, izinsimbi ezisindayo zinomthelela omubi emvelweni. Bafaka i-biosphere ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, futhi-ke, ngezinga elikhulu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. Ukwehlisa inqubo yokungcoliswa kwe-HM, kuyadingeka ukulawula zonke izindawo zemboni, ukusebenzisa izihlungi zokuhlanza nokunciphisa inani lemfucuza engaqukatha izinsimbi.
