Izidalwa ezilula ezingama-unicellular ezingaphansi kwesigaba samakhemikhali zisatshalaliswa cishe yonke indawo. Kusuka eqhweni elibandayo laseNyakatho kuya emaqhweni aqandayo ngokulinganayo aseNingizimu, kunoma imaphi amanzi amile, lezi zidalwa ezinhle ziyatholakala, ezingesinye sezixhumanisi ezibaluleke kakhulu ochungechungeni lokudla lwe-biocenosis. Ku-ciliate aquarist, ama-slippers abalulekile njengokudla okuhle kwefry esanda kuzalwa. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi uqale lesi sidalwa esiphilayo "ezweni lakho elingaphansi kwamanzi", kufanele ujwayelane nokuzala, ukudla okunempilo kanye nempilo ye-microorganism.
Indawo yemvelo nokuningi
Izidalwa eziphilayo ezincane kunazo zonke zihlala emanzini angajulile ngamanzi amile. Izicathulo ze-infusoria zibizwa kanjalo ngokufana kokuma komzimba omncane, ombozwe ngokuphelele nge-cilia, ngesicathulo sentokazi. I-Cilia isiza izilwane ukuthi zihambe, zondle, futhi zivikele nokuzivikela. Isidalwa esincane sinosayizi ka-0.5 mm, akunakwenzeka ukubona infusoria ngeso lenyama! Indlela ethokozisayo yokuhamba emanzini - kuphela ngesiphetho esiyindilinga esiya phambili, kepha noma ngabe ngohlobo "lokuhamba" olunjalo, izingane zikhula ngesivinini esingu-2.5 mm / 1 wesekhondi.
Izidalwa ezineseli elilodwa zinesakhiwo semicabango emibili: i-nucleus yokuqala "enkulu" ilawula izinqubo zokudla okunempilo nezokuphefumula, iqaphe imetabolism nokunyakaza, kepha i-nucleus "encane" ifakwa kuphela kuzinqubo zokubaluleka kocansi. Igobolondo le-thinnest lokuqina kokuqina livumela i-microorganism ukuba ibe sesimweni sayo semvelo, esichazwe kahle, kanye nokuhamba ngokushesha. Kanjalo, ukunyakaza kwenziwa nge-cilia, edlala indima "yamagwedlo" futhi ihlale icindezela isicathulo phambili. Ngendlela, ukunyakaza kwawo wonke ama-cilia kuvumelana ngokuphelele futhi kuhlelekile.
Umsebenzi obalulekile: ukudla, ukuphefumula, ukukhiqiza kabusha
Njengawo wonke ama-microorganism aphilayo, i-ciliate slipper idla amagciwane amancane nezinhlayiya ze-algae. Imvuthu enjalo inembobo yomlomo - umgodi ojulile osendaweni ethile emzimbeni. Umlomo uvula ipharynx, bese ukudla kuqonda ngqo ku-vacuole ukugaya ukudla, bese ukudla kuqala ukucutshungulwa yimvelo ene-acid ne-alkaline. I-microorganism nayo inembobo lapho kuphuma khona udoti wokudla ongagcwalisiwe ngokuphelele. Itholakala ngemuva komgodi wokudla futhi, idlula ngohlobo olukhethekile lwesakhiwo - impuphu, izinsalela zokudla ziyakhishwa ngaphandle. Ukudla okunomsoco we-microorganism kulungiswe ngokuphelele, isicathulo asikwazi ukudla ngokweqile noma ukuhlala silambile. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenye yendalo ephelele yemvelo.
Isicathulo se-infusoria siphefumula nawo wonke umuntu 
ngezembozo zomzimba wakho omncane. Amandla akhululiwe anele ukuxhasa impilo yazo zonke izinqubo, futhi izinhlanganisela zemfucuza ezingadingekile, ezifana ne-carbon dioxide, nazo ziyasuswa kuyo yonke indawo yomzimba yomuntu. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali wesicathulo siyinkimbinkimbi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-vacuoles anenkontileka, lapho egcwala kakhulu ngamanzi ngezinto ezincibilikisiwe zemvelo, akhuphukela endaweni eyeqisayo kakhulu ye-plasma emzimbeni bese ekhipha konke okungadingekile. Izakhamizi zamanzi ahlanzekile ngale ndlela zisusa amanzi amaningi, ahlala engena evela endaweni ezungezile.
Izilwanyana ezincane zalolu hlobo zingahlangana emakoloni amakhulu ziye ezindaweni lapho kunqwabelana khona amabhaktheriya amaningi, kepha zisabela ngokucijile etafuleni likasawoti - ziyantanta.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokukhiqizwa kabusha kwamagciwane:
- I-Asexual, okuhlukaniswa okuvamile. Le nqubo yenzeka njengokuhlukaniswa kukasikidi owodwa wesicathulo kabili, kanti izinto eziphilayo ezintsha zine-nucleus yazo enkulu nezincane. Kulokhu, ingxenye encane kuphela yama-organelles "amadala" edlulela empilweni entsha, konke okunye kwenziwa ngokushesha okusha.
- Ezocansi. Lolu hlobo lusetshenziswa kuphela ngokubonakala kokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukungabi nokudla nezinye izimo ezingezinhle. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izilwane zingahlukana khona ngokocansi bese ziphenduka umqubuko.
Yindlela yesibili yokuzalanisa ethakazelisa kakhulu:
- Abantu ababili bahlangana okwesikhashana babe munye;
- Endaweni yokuhlangana, kwakhiwa umsele ohlanganisa lezi zibhangqa;
- I-nucleus enkulu inyamalala ngokuphelele (kubo bobabili abantu), kanti encane ihlukana kabili.
Ngakho-ke, isicathulo ngasinye se-ciliate siba ngumnikazi wezinhlobo ezimbili zamantombazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cores amathathu kufanele awe ngokuphelele, kuthi eyokugcina iphinde ihlangane futhi. Kusukela kuma-nuclei amabili asele, abuye ashintshane ngezindawo eceleni kwebhuloho kusuka ku-cytoplasm, kwakhiwa okukhulu nokuncane. Yilapho inqubo iphela khona bese izilwane zihlakazeka. Ukuhlangana kukuvumela ukuthi usabalalise kabusha izinto zofuzo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ubungqabavu nokumelana kwabantu. Futhi manje sebengabuye bahlukane ngokuthula babe izimpilo ezimbili ezintsha.
