Isilwane esibizwa ngegama umqambimanga, ayitholakali endle kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuze azalwe, izilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlala emazweni ahlukene kufanele zishade. Ama-liger yizilwane lapho kuxubene khona izakhi zofuzo zikababa wengonyama nomama we-tigress.
Incazelo nezici
I-liger yisihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke esaziwa ngabantu. Ngokubukeka, ama-liger afana nebhubesi, kepha ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu kuphela futhi anemivimbo esezingeni lamahlosi. Ngosayizi, lolu hlobo lwezilwane lukhulu kunamabili amahlosi namabhubesi.
I-liger yesilisa ingafinyelela ngisho ku-400 kg, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Futhi ukukhula kwesilwane esinwetshiwe ngobude obugcwele kungaba ngamamitha ayi-4 Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ububanzi bomlomo walesi silwane bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50.Ucwaningo lwesayensi luchaza ubukhulu be-liger ngamaqoqo ama-chromosomes asithola lapho sizalwa.
Impilo yomndeni we-feline ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ingane ithole izakhi zofuzo kubaba ezibhekele ukukhula, kanti izakhi zofuzo ze-tigress zibangela ukukhubazeka kokukhula, okuvimbela isizukulwane esisha ukuthi sikhule kakhulu.
Ama-chromosomes we-tigress awanamandla njengama-chromosomes ebhubesi, okuholela ekukhuleni okuphawulekayo kosayizi walezi zinhlobo zezilwane - izakhi zofuzo zikamama azikwazi ukuvimbela ukwanda okungadingekile kosayizi wenzalo.
AmaLiger ahlala kuphela endaweni yokufakelwa
Ama-liger wesilisa, njengomthetho, awunawo umhlwenga, kepha ikhanda lawo elilinganayo selivele lihlaba umxhwele. Inhloko ye-liger icishe iphindwe kabili kunosayizi wengwe yaseBengal, kanti ugebhezi lwayo olukhulu lukhulu ngo-40% kunolwengonyama noma ihlosi.
Lesi silwane sikhulu kangangokuba liger esithombeni ibukeka ingamanga, ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kunebhubesi elijwayelekile, cishe kabili. Amabhubesi namahlosi asemndenini owodwa, kepha indawo akuyo nendawo ezihlala kuyo yehlukile, futhi nokuziphatha kwabo emvelweni kwehluke kakhulu.
AbakwaLiger bakuthole njengefa ukuziphatha kwabazali bobabili. Kusuka kubaba wengonyama, amakati amakhulu azuze uthando ngomphakathi. I-liger enkulu kuyakujabulisa ukuba phakathi kwenkampani nabanye abamele umndeni we-feline, akanayo inzondo futhi uyathandana futhi lapho exhumana nomuntu (lokhu kusebenza kuphela kulabo bantu abamnakekelayo kusukela ezalwa). Amantshontsho ayathanda ukudlala futhi athanda okwezinja zasendlini.
Umama we-tigress wanikeza inzalo yakhe uthando lwamanzi. Isici esivelele sezilwane ukuthi ziyakwazi ukubhukuda, futhi zikwenza ngenjabulo enkulu. Ama-ligresses abesifazane ayabhonga futhi abeke indawo yabo njenge-tigresses.
Futhi ingwe nengwe ziyefana ngoba zibekezelela amazinga okushisa omoya aphansi kahle. Amakati amakhulu azuze ukungabi nandaba okumangazayo emakhazeni. Kuvamile ukuthi ama-liger aphumule eqhweni emakhazeni amakhulu.
Izinhlobo
Ngezinye izikhathi kuzalwa amawundlu ebhubesi amhlophe endle. Lamatinyane atfolakala kakhulu emindenini yebhubesi laseNingizimu Afrika. Izinhlobo ezimhlophe zamahlosi nazo kudala zaziwa ngabantu. Kepha amathuba okuthi lezi zilwane ezingahambelani zizale izingane zincane.
Icala lokuqala lokuzalwa kwamantshontsho avela kubhangqa lebhubesi elimhlophe kanye ne-tigress emhlophe laqoshwa eSouth Carolina epaki lokuhamba laseMyrtle Beach. Babenabantwana abane. Ama-ligates amhlophe (kwavela abafana kuphela) abathola ifa lombala omhlophe.
Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi amathuba okuzalwa kwama-liger amnyama esikhathini esizayo esiseduze cishe ngeke abe khona, ngoba amabhubesi amnyama nje awekho emhlabeni, futhi amahlosi amnyama yizilwane ezijwayelekile ezinemigqa ebanzi yomthunzi omnyama.
Ama-Liliger angamazinyane we-ligress nebhubesi. Ngokubukeka, bafana kakhulu nobaba wengonyama. Azikho amacala amaningi aziwayo lapho ama-ligresses ebeletha amawundlu ezingonyameni, futhi, ngokumangazayo, wonke ama-liger azelwe aphenduka amantombazane. Inzalo yama-liligresses namahlosi (ama-taligras) azalwa kabili kuphela (ngo-2008 nango-2013) e-Oklahoma. Ngeshwa, izingane aziphilanga isikhathi eside.
Ngeke kulunge ngokuphelele ukungazinaki izihlobo eziseduze zalezi zilwane. Ama-Tigers, igama lesibili lalezi zilwane - ama-tigon, awuhlobo lomphumela wokuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo zengwe yesilisa nebhubesi lesifazane.
Ngokuya ngezici zabo zangaphandle, ama-liger kanye nama-tigon ayafana kakhulu, njengoba edla ifa lezinto ezihlukile zohlobo kubazali babo. Kodwa-ke, amaTigon azalwa amancane kakhulu kunalabo ababazalayo. Isisindo somuntu omdala cishe singama-150 kg.
Ubuncane bezilwane buchazwa yisethi yezakhi zofuzo ezizuzwe yileli kati. Izakhi zofuzo ezivimbela ukukhula ezitholwe kumama wengonyamakazi zisebenza njengento eyehlisa ijubane kwizakhi zofuzo ezibuthakathaka ezizuzwe kowesilisa.
AmaTigon ayivelakancane, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesilisa abakuqondi kahle ukuziphatha kwamabhubesikazi, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokukhwelana, ngakho-ke abafuni ukuhlangana nabo. Kuze kube manje, zimbalwa kuphela izinhlobo eziphilayo ezingashiwo ngokuzethemba.
Ngenxa yokuwela ibhubesi nengwe, i-liger kuvele ukuthi ibinkulu ngosayizi kunabo bobabili abazali
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukuvela kwama-liger endaweni yamahlosi namabhubesi akunakwenzeka. Amabhubesi yizilwane zasendaweni eyi-savanna yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ngasikhathi sinye, amahlosi, ikakhulukazi, ahlala engxenyeni yomhlaba yase-Asia, okuyi-India, i-Far East kanye nasezifundazweni ze-Southeast Asia.
Akukho nelilodwa iqiniso elibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni lokuzalwa kwama-liger ezimweni zemvelo. Bonke abantu abaziwayo, futhi cishe baba ngamashumi amabili nanhlanu wabo emhlabeni, bazalwa ngenxa yezimo zokuwela, ezenziwe ngamabomu ngumuntu.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi amawundlu ebhubesi nengahlosi agcinwa egumbini elilodwa kusukela ebuntwaneni (ngokwesibonelo, ehokweni le-zoo), inzalo eyingqayizivele ingavela, bese kumacala angaba ngu-1-2 kwabayikhulu. Lapho ikati elincane Uchitha impilo yakhe yonke ngokungabi bikho kwenkululeko ngaphansi kokulawulwa ngabantu (emakheji ezilwane, amakheji avulekile emoyeni emapaki kazwelonke).
Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho izimo zokuphila zamabhubesi nezingwe zazifana, lezi zilwane zazingeyona into eyingqayizivele. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuwumbono nje, ngoba namuhla awekho amaqiniso akholisayo aqinisekisa ukuzalwa nokuphila kwama-liger endle.
Abaphenyi abavumelani ngokuthi amakati amakhulu angaphila yini endle. Ngokwethiyori, umhlaseli onobukhulu obukhulu kangaka, okwazi ukufika ngejubane eliphezulu cishe elingama-90 km / h ekuphishekeleni inyamazane, kufanele akwazi ukuzondla.
Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu obukhulu bungadala ikati elinesisindo esinjalo somzimba ukuthi lingakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla, ngoba liyakhathala ngokushesha, libambe futhi lilandelele inyamazane. Ngokuya ngokuziphatha kwabo, ama-liger afana nabazali bobabili. Amahlosi awajabuli kakhulu futhi athanda ukuba yedwa. AmaLiger ajwayele ukuhlangana kakhulu.
Abesilisa ngokusobala bathanda ukunakekelwa okukhudlwana kumuntu wabo, okwenza babukeke njengamabhubesi futhi, ezimweni eziningi, banokuthula (mhlawumbe ngenxa yesilinganiso esanele se-testosterone emzimbeni wabo). I-ligress yowesifazane ivame ukuwela ekucindezelekeni uma eyedwa, mhlawumbe ekhumbula ukuziqhenya, lapho okhokho bakhe bengazange babhoreke nakancane.
AmaLiger, empeleni, awazona izilwane ezifuywayo, bona, njengabazali babo, bahlala bengabahlaseli ngezindlela nemikhuba edluliselwa kubo ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izilwane ezingavamile zivumela ukuqeqeshwa, futhi zivame ukubonakala emidlalweni yesekisi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
ILiger yisilwaneongahlali ezimweni zemvelo, ngakho-ke akazi ukuthi angazingela kanjani futhi aphile endle yedwa. Vele, ama-liger ngeke ahambisane nemihlambi yama-artiodactyls izinsuku ukuthola ukudla kwawo, kepha njengabazali bawo bezakhi zofuzo, la makati amakhulu akhetha inyama entsha. Imenyu enikezwa abasebenzi bezilwane ezifuywayo iqukethe inyama yenkomo, yenkukhu neyamahhashi.
Ama-liger amakhulu angadla kuze kufike ku-50 kg yenyama ngosuku. Abasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezilwane ngokwemvelo bakhawulela ekudleni kokudla ukuze bavikele izilwane ekutholeni isisindo esiningi ngokweqile noma ekubeni zikhuluphele. Imenyu yama-liger imvamisa ihlanganisa u-10-12 kg wenyama eluhlaza, inhlanzi entsha, izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene ezinamavithamini namaminerali ukugcina impilo yezinsana nabantu abadala, kanye neminye imifino.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izilwane ezinamandla, ngeshwa, azikwazi ukuzala, futhi azikwazi ukuzala izinhlobo zazo. Into ukuthi abesilisa balaba bameleli bezilwane abayinyumba. Ukuphela kwecala lokuzalwa kwezingane kuma-liger labonwa ngoMeyi 1982, ngenkathi zingaphili izinyanga ezintathu.
Ama-liger esifazane angazala izingane, kodwa kuphela ezingonyameni zesilisa. Kulokhu, babizwa ngokuthi ama-liger. Kodwa-ke, lapho unqamula i-ligress namabhubesi amsulwa ngemuva kwezizukulwane ezimbili noma ezintathu, ngeke kube khona imikhondo ekhombisa i-liger, ngoba izakhi zofuzo zikayise zizonqoba kakhulu ngesizukulwane ngasinye.
Alikho icala elaziwayo le-ligress elizala inzalo ehlosi. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi ihlosi lincane kakhulu ukuthi lingabhekana ne-ligress. Elinye lamaphoyinti aphikisanayo adala ukungezwani phakathi kwabasekeli bezinja ezizalisayo nabaphikisi babo liphathelene neqiniso lokuthi ukuzala, kanye nokubonakala kwama-liger, kuncike ngokuphelele esifisweni nasemandleni omuntu.
Abagxeki bathi abagcini bezilwane baphoqa izinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane ukuba zihlangane. Abavikeli balezi zilwane ezimangalisayo bayaqiniseka ukuthi lesi simo sezinto sandisa ingozi yokuba nezingane ezigulayo ezizoba nokuphazamiseka kwamahomoni. Eqinisweni, ama-liger asebenza kangcono kunabazali bawo, ngoba izakhi zofuzo ziyasebenza kuma-nzalo, okuthi kubantu abamsulwa basesimweni sokucindezelwa.
Iphuzu lesibili elidala ukungabaza ngokuzalaniswa kwezilwane izinkinga ezingokomzwelo ezivame ukuvela phakathi komama begazi nama-ligature. Omama kungenzeka bangakuqondi ukuziphatha kwezingane ezithathe izinhlamvu zabazali bobabili. Kunezimo lapho i-ligress ishiye khona ingane yayo, futhi abasebenzi be-zoo bathatha izintambo ukuyikhulisa.
Abamelene nokukhethwa ngamabomu futhi bayalibona iqiniso lokuthi izilwane ezingena ebusheni zinemvelaphi engazinzile ngokweqile ngokomzwelo. Kunezimo lapho ama-ligresses abe nokudangala isikhathi eside. Impilo yama-liger iyimfihlakalo kososayensi.
Endle, lolu hlobo lwezilwane aluhlali, futhi ekuthunjweni, impilo yamakati amakhulu kaningi ayisihle neze. Amanye amawundlu afa esemncane. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ama-liger angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25, futhi lesi yisikhathi lapho kokubili amabhubesi namahlosi zihlala ekuthunjweni. Ubudala obukhulu lapho i-liger ibiphila khona yiminyaka engama-24.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Imibiko yokuqala yezilwane ezingajwayelekile isukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Isithombe sesilo esinamandla savela emsebenzini wesayensi wososayensi waseFrance u-Etienne Jeffroy Saint-Hilaire. Izilwane zathola igama lazo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi kuvela ezinhlamvini zokuqala zamagama amabili avela kwamanye amazwe - ingonyama nengwe.
AmaLiger yizona ezidla inyama yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni; izimvu zamanzi izindlovu zibhekwa njengezikhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwezilwane ezidla umhlaba, amakati amakhulu yiwona amakhulu kakhulu. Amawundlu e-Liger azalwa enesisindo esingangekhilogremu, nangezinyanga ezi-2. amawundlu afinyelela ku-7 kg, kanti i-tiger cub isisindo esingu-4 kg kuphela ngalesi sikhathi.
EBloemfontein Park (South Africa) kwakuhlala ugogo osindayo. Wayenesisindo esingaba ngu-800 kg. Isisindo se-Liger, manje ehlala eMiami, futhi ehlukaniswa ngobukhulu obukhulu kunazo zonke ezikhona, - 410 kg. Ubukhulu bezinzipho zomuntu omdala buyamangaza, ubude obungaphezu kuka-5 cm.
Liger uhlala namuhla kuphela eceleni komuntu. Imininingwane etholakele ngala makati amakhulu ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izimo okufanele baphile ngaphansi kwazo, ukhethe ukudla okunomsoco, futhi wandise isikhathi sempilo yabo. Vele, izilwane ezithandekayo zijabulisa futhi zimangaze wonke umuntu ozibone okungenani esithombeni.
Liger, ubukhulu okumane kumangaze, futhi, kunomlingiswa othambile, kepha ubukhulu baso namandla okwenza lesi silo sibe yingozi kakhulu kumuntu oseduze.
