Sasivame ukucabanga ukuthi onogwaja izidalwa ezincane ezinhle, abalingiswa ezinganekwaneni zezingane. Izigaxa zoboya ezinezindlebe ezinde, zimnene futhi zinamahloni, kulula futhi kumnandi ukuzibamba ezandleni zakho. Ake ngikumangaze - uhlobo lweflanders lonogwaja lufana ngosayizi wezinsikazi noma inja endala ngosayizi.
Bambiza kanjalo - isidlakela saseBelgium noma isiqhwaga saseFlemish. Futhi kungani ephethe la magama, ukuthi siyini isilwane esimangalisayo, ukuthi sidlani nokuthi ungasinakekela kanjani, sizozama ukukutshela.
Umlando wozalo
Isidlakela saseBelgium sidabuka eFlanders, isifunda esisenyakatho neBelgium, ngenye indlela esibizwa ngeFlemish. Kungabhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu, ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi onogwaja bokuqala besayizi evelele bazalwa ngekhulu le-16 eduze kwedolobha laseGhent.
Kukholakala ukuthi flandre kwehla kubantu abakhulu kunabo bonke begazi elidala le-Old Flemish, ezazalelwa ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi okwamanje azikasinda. Mhlawumbe igazi loPatagonian onogwaja abalethwe bevela e-Argentina lengezwa kozalo lwabo.
Kukhona futhi uhlobo olumangaza kakhulu ukuthi lezi yizinzalo zezidleke zamatshe zasendulo, ezazizinkulu ngosayizi futhi zihlala emihumeni. Yize manje kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi bawela kanjani nezilwane ezifuywayo. Noma ngabe kunjalo, umsebenzi wokuzalanisa wenziwa amakhulu amathathu eminyaka, kwathi ngekhulu le-19, amahemuhemu ngalokhu aqhuma kakhulu avela eBelgium.
Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi irekhodi lokuqala lohlobo lonogwaja waseFlemish laqoshwa kuphela ngo-1860. Umnikazi wemininingwane evelele yangaphandle, uboya obuhle nenani elikhulu lenyama akwazanga ukubonwa. Kodwa-ke, ukunakwa okuncane kwanikezwa kuye ekuqaleni.
Izindinganiso zokuqala zokuzalwa zabhalwa ngo-1893, ngemuva kokuthi isiqhwaga saseFlemish sithunyelwe eNgilandi sabe sesiyiswa eMelika. Wawelwa nezinye izinhlobo futhi wathola izinhlobo ezintsha, amagatsha avela e-flanders aqala. Uqale ukubonakala embukisweni kusukela ngo-1910.
Unogwaja waseFlandre
Ngo-1915, i-National Federation of Flemish Rabbit Breeders yahlelwa, okusathuthukisa lolu hlobo. Yalethwa futhi nasendaweni eyayiyiSoviet Union, kepha ayizange igxile ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi, kepha yayisebenza ukuzala uhlobo lwasekhaya impunga enkulu.
Incazelo kanye nezici zohlobo
Unogwaja flandre - ummeleli onamandla womhlaba wakhe, mhlawumbe angabizwa ngokuthi unogwaja wasekhaya omkhulu kunabo bonke. Imidondoshiya yeFlemish yaziwa ngokulalela nokubekezela kwayo, ngakho-ke bayakujabulela ukukhuliswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi zibizwa nangokuthi "imidondoshiya emnene" kanye "nonogwaja bendawo yonke". Zingasetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene - zombili njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye nokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni eyahlukahlukene, nasekuzalaneni, nanjengesilwane esinoboya nenyama.
Lawa maqhawe ahlukaniswa ngobuningi obukhulu kanye "nokuxakaniseka" okuthile ngesibalo. "Ingane" inesisindo esisuka ku-6 kuye ku-10 kg, ezinye izinhlobo zikhula ziye ku-12 kg. EBrithani, kwirekhodwa isisindo esingu-25 kg. Umzimba uvulekile. Ingemuva iqondile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi i-arched. Intamo ifushane futhi ibukeka "icwile" emzimbeni.
Izindlebe ezinkulu zinjengamaqabunga e-burdock. Ikhanda likhulu, linezihlathi ezinesibindi namakhala ebanzi. Amadevu mancane futhi akabonakali kakhulu. Amehlo amnyama ngombala, ajule kancane. Isifuba sesilwane sisuka ku-35 kuya ku-45 cm ububanzi, okuyisibonakaliso esihle.
Izinyawo ziwugqinsi futhi ziqinile, imilenze yangaphambili imifushane, imilenze yangemuva inobude obuphakathi nendawo. Umsila mude, ugobile. Isimo esibalulekile sohlobo umbala wezinzipho. Kufanele babe ngumthunzi ofanayo noboya. Umbala woboya ojwayelekile umhlophe, unesihlabathi, nsundu nsundu, mpunga ngomnyama futhi umnyama.
Ubukhulu bohlobo lweFlanders buhlaba umxhwele
Muva nje, sekuvele izinhlobo zesiliva, i-ashy, isihlabathi esibomvu, ama-blue and even orange. Ijazi liminyene, lithambile futhi liwugqinsi uma ulithinta. Ubude bezinwele bufinyelela ku-3.5 cm. UFlandre esithombeni kubukeka njengoba kunqunywe yizinga elijwayelekile - elihle futhi eliguquguqukayo. "Ubunyongo" bayo bengeza ukubukeka okumnandi "kwasekhaya".
Kokuzijabulisa, ukuthanda ubungane, unogwaja uvame ukuthengwa njengesilwane, esikhundleni senja noma ikati. Uthembele maqondana nomnikazi, uhlakaniphile, uyalalela, uthanda ukudlala nezingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona ingozi ukuba isigebenga sibe sendlini nezinye izilwane. Kukhuthaza inhlonipho ngosayizi wayo.
Izimpawu zekhwalithi yokuzala
IPurebred Flanders kumele ihlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:
- Izindlebe zibanzi, zimile, zishicilelwe, eceleni konqenqema olungaphezulu ngomngcele omnyama, usayizi kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-25 cm;
- Izihlathi zinkulu futhi ziwugqinsi;
- Isifuba sikhulu futhi sinobubanzi obukhulu;
- Umzimba ufinyelela ku-90 cm ubude;
- Isisindo sikanogwaja onezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili sisuka ku-6 kuye ku-7 kg;
Akukho ukwenqatshwa ngombala, noma yimaphi amazinga amukelekile amukelekile.
Ukukhubazeka kubhekwa:
- Isisindo somzimba esincane sonogwaja, abantu abancane babulawa;
- Ukungabi nesisindo somzimba lapho ukhula;
- Ubukhulu bekhanda obungajwayelekile, ukungagcini ukulingana kuthathwa njengomshado;
- Indlebe ingaphansi kuka-17 cm;
- Ukuthambekela kolaka, inkani yesilwane.
Izinhlobo
Njengoba sekushiwo, uhlobo lweFlemish lunikeze umfutho ekwakheni izinhlobo eziningi ezinkulu zonogwaja. Banegama elijwayelekile elihlanganisiwe elithi "imidondoshiya", kepha indawo yokuzalwa yehlukile. Ngaphezu komdondoshiya waseBelgium, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyaziwa:
- Isidlakela esimhlophe... I-albino ejwayelekile enamehlo abomvu. Iphinde yazalelwa eBelgium ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Abafuyi bakhetha izilwane ezinesikhumba esimhlophe kuphela phakathi kwama-flanders futhi balungisa umphumela. Umsebenzi ofanayo wenziwa eJalimane. Bahlukaniswa ngamathambo abo amancane aqinile, umthethosisekelo onomusa nenyama emnandi yethenda.
- I-Vienna giant eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka... Futhi inzalo yesidlakela saseBelgium, inokugcwala okuhlukile kwengubo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Unomzimba oqinile, uzala futhi unempilo enhle. Ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi. Kukhiqizwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 e-Austria.
- Isiqhwaga saseJalimane (uhlobo lweRiesen). Kutholwe eJalimane ngasekupheleni kwe-19 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Inezinhlobo eziningana zombala - mpunga, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama, ophuzi, igolide. Ihlukile kweBelgium ngokwanda kwesisindo, kepha ukuthomba sekwedlule isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, maningi amathuba okuthi babe nezinkinga zempilo.
- Isidlakela esimpunga noma isiqhwaga sasePoltava. Ekhuliswe maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 ngusosayensi wezobuchwepheshe wase-Ukraine A.I. Kaplevsky. Unobukhulu obukhulu, izindlebe ezinde nesimo esihle esizuzwe njengeBelgian. Ihlukile kukhokho wayo ngejazi elikhanyayo, elimpunga ngokuluhlaza okotshani, kuphela ngomhlane oqondile (khumbula ukuthi eFlandre “ingakhothama”), isikhumba esisezingeni eliphansi, owesilisa “wasePoltava” uzuza isisindo ngokushesha futhi unemilenze emifushane.
- Isidlakela sesiliva... Umzimba mkhulu, kodwa uhlangene. Ekhuliswe e-USSR yangaphambili ngaseTula nasendaweni yasePoltava. Manje isiyakhiqizwa kabusha eTatarstan. Ikhwalithi yekhava ingeyesibili kuphela kohlobo oludumile lwe-chinchilla no-brown-brown.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo ze "ram-rabbit", eqanjwe ngokuma kogebhezi. Kubandakanya ama-subspecies amaningi - isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiNgisi, iMeissen. Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo zinesisindo esingu-5-8 kg, zinesimo esifanayo sokuthamba, izindlebe ezinde noboya obukhulu. Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile sezindlebe siholele ekutheni zizwe zimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke azesabi kangako.
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo
Izici ezinhle zohlobo zifaka:
- Ukuzithoba ekudleni.
- Ukuzala okuhle.
- Ukondliwa okuningi konogwaja abasanda kuzalwa - abesifazane banobisi oluningi, olubhekwa njengekhwalithi enhle kakhulu.
- Isilinganiso esihle sokusinda konogwaja.
- Ukukhula okusheshayo kwezinsana.
- Uhlamvu oluthobelayo.
- Ukumelana nezifo kanye nezinguquko zezulu.
Isisindo sohlobo lweFlanders sifinyelela ku-10kg
Izimfanelo ezingezinhle:
- Kwanele ukuthomba sekwedlule isikhathi.
- Isivuno senyama singama-55-60%. Yize kubhekwa usayizi kanogwaja uyaphambanisa, inani likhulu impela. Umuntu osayizi ophakathi nendawo unezinkukhu ezi-4 kg ezihlanzekile. Umkhulu unogwaja, umkhiqizo owusizo ngokwengeziwe.
- Ukugoba kokuzalwa kwemilenze. Kwenzeka ukuthi unogwaja abe nezinsana ezinezidladla ezingathuthuki neze nezigwegwile.
- Ikhwalithi emaphakathi yezikhumba. I-fluff eningi enezinwele eziphakeme zokuqapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhava ingahle ingalingani.
- Ukuminza nokulamba njalo.
- Intengo ephezulu ye- "thoroughbreds".
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Okokuqala udinga ukunquma ngendawo onogwaja abahlala kuyo. Ngokuthola indawo yezinyoni, indawo efudumele neyomile ikhethiwe, ngaphandle kokuhlelwa. Ihholo kufanele libe likhulu ukufanisa izilwane ezifuywayo. Ubukhulu obungaphansi kuka-170x80x60 cm. Uma kukhona unogwaja onezingane esibayeni, khona-ke nangaphezulu - 170x110x60 cm.
Usayizi owandisiwe wekheji uyadingeka ukuvikela inzalo ekunyatelweni okusindayo ngumama. Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka amakheji kubaphuzi nabaphakeli. Umuntu ophuzayo kufanele ahlale egcwele, ikakhulukazi unogwaja ongumhlengikazi. Kwakunezimo lapho, ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi, owesifazane wayedla izingane.
Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza indawo njalo, onogwaja yizilwane ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Onogwaja abadala bondliwa kabili noma kathathu ngosuku endaweni ebiyelwe evikelwe emoyeni naselangeni eliqondile. Izinto zemvelo zisetshenziswa njengokubeka phansi - izinkuni, okombhede obomile obomile. Azikho izinto zokufakelwa noma amanetha. Lokhu kungaholela ekuguleni nasekulimaleni kwesilwane.
Uhlobo aluhloniphi ukulunakekela, lubekezelela cishe zonke izimo zezulu, ngaphandle kwamakhaza amakhulu. Ithiphu encane - ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanyisa nokushisa emakhejini, ngezinsuku ezifushane zasebusika abanakho ukukhanya nokushisa.
Cishe eneminyaka engaba ngu-45 ubudala, onogwaja bagonyelwa i-myxomatosis (isifo esithathelwanayo esinokushisa okuphezulu, ukwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva wesimila, i-edema ekhanda nokuvuvukala okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamehlo). Ngasikhathi sinye, kwenziwa umuthi wokugomela isifo esopha kakhulu.
Kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa ukugoma okuyinkimbinkimbi - imijovo emi-2 ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15. Kepha zonke izinqubo ziqondiswa futhi ziqondiswa udokotela wezilwane. Uma ubona ukuphelelwa ngamandla, ukunganaki, noma yikuphi ukukhula, ukulunywa noma izindawo ezingalindelekile zezimpandla emzimbeni wesilwane, iya emtholampilo ngokushesha.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isici esiyinhloko sokudla kwama-flanders ukunganeliseki kwabo. Bakhetha ngokudla, kepha badinga ukudla okuningi. Ekuseni banikezwa okuphakelayo okunamanzi futhi abanye bagxila (50-60 g), ngesikhathi sokudla kwasemini - utshani obusha noma utshani obomile, kusihlwa ungabanikeza i-silage futhi futhi u-50-60 g wama-concentrate. Badinga ukondliwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Amakhambi amasha asanda kubuna elangeni. Ukudla okusha kufakwa ekudleni kancane kancane. Akuvunyelwe ukunikeza izimpande ezingcolile esilwaneni esihlobisa. Okokuqala udinga ukugeza kahle umkhiqizo bese uwugaya. Ibhali nekhekhe nakho kuyachotshozwa, bese imidumba imanziswe amahora angu-3-4.
Hlola ukudla okusha, ungalokothi usebenzise ukudla okhuntile noma okubolile. Futhi ungazondli iziqongo zama-nightshades (utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, amazambane), kanye namagatsha anezihlahla zezithelo zamatshe, ama-elderberries namakhambi anobuthi. Ungakusebenzisi ukudla okufriziwe. Nansi enye yezindlela zokupheka zemash yemifino ye-flandra:
- Ithanga noma i-zucchini - isabelo esingu-1;
- Amazambane abilisiwe - 1 isigxobo;
- Isithombo sebhitrudi - amasheya ama-5;
- Izaqathe - isabelo esingu-1.
Ungangeza futhi okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe lapho. Umshini wokusanhlamvu wenziwa ngebhali noma ngokolweni, ama-oats - izingxenye ezimbili ngakunye, nommbila nekhekhe - ingxenye eyodwa ngakunye. Futhi siyakukhumbuza ngamanzi. Ukuze isilwane esikhulu, kubalulekile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuqala onogwaja abazalanayo bohlobo lweFlanders, udinga ukwazi i-nuance ebalulekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, izidlakela zaseBelgium zivuthwa sekwephuzile, kungakabi zinyanga eziyi-8 ubudala. Kepha lesi yisici esingeziwe sokuzalwa nokuzala inzalo enempilo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25-28 futhi akunzima.
Ukubeletha nakho kulula, kukhona okungenani onogwaja abayi-8 kudoti. Ngasinye sinesisindo esingaba ngama-80-100 g. Phakathi namasonto okuqala umama unakekela amaphuphu. Ubondla ngobisi olunomsoco. Shintsha amanzi kaningi, okungenani kathathu ngosuku. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, abantwana bakhasa baphume esidlekeni bese bezama ukondla onogwaja abadala.
Umnikazi udinga ukususa utshwala obungumama bese abulala amagciwane igumbi lonke. Amawundlu akhulayo adinga ukuhlolwa nsuku zonke. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinkinga, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ngokwesilinganiso, onogwaja baphila iminyaka emi-5-6, kepha ngokunakekelwa okuhle, isikhathi singakhuphuka sibe yiminyaka eyi-8.
Intengo nokubuyekezwa
Intengo kanogwaja waseFlandre kubhekwa njengokukhulu. Ngonogwaja onezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, ungakhokha kusuka kuma-ruble angu-800 kuye kwayi-1200. Kungcono ukuthenga izilwane kubalimi abathembekile emapulazini onogwaja afakazelwe. Lapho-ke uzoqiniseka ngezilwane ezifuywayo ezingenacala kanye nempilo enhle.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga, buza abanikazi abanolwazi mayelana nezici ezizalisayo zokuzalisa bese ubona ukubuyekezwa ku-Intanethi. Isibonelo, kuwebhusayithi ye-otzovik ungafunda ama-arias alandelayo:
- Isakhamuzi saseLipetsk, u-Olga: “Ngaqala ukufuya lolu hlobo eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule, ngaphambi kwalokho lwalungajwayelekile kimi. Ngathenga onogwaja futhi angizange ngizisole ngakho. Uhlobo olukhulu olungathobekile. Ukutshalwa kwemali okuncane kwesikhathi. Abesifazane bangomama abalungile. Bonke onogwaja bayaphila ... ".
- URostov-on-Don, u-Emil: “Ngaba ngumnikazi ojabulayo kanogwaja omnyama ompunga uFlandre. Bengingalindele nokuthi umuntu olunge kanjena emvundla. Ihlakaniphile, iyalalela futhi inkulu, iphupho nje ... ".
- USnezhnoe, e-Ukraine, e-Igor: “Kade ngizama ukufuya onogwaja be-flanders cishe iminyaka emithathu. Baningi onogwaja, kodwa bavuthwa isikhathi eside. Okukhulu, kwalungisa ikheji izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Badla kakhulu. Kodwa okunye wuhlobo oluhle futhi oluzolile ... ”.
