Izinja eziningi zibonisa isimo esihle somngane, abantu abadala nezingane, umbono ongahlukumezi wabantu ongabazi. Ezweni lethu, kunohlu oluvunyiwe ngokusemthethweni lwezinja ezinobungozi, ezinobudlova. Kufaka izinhlobo ezi-12 nemestizo ezisuselwa kulezi zinhlobo.
Alukho uhlu lwezinhlobo ezingenalo ulaka, ezinhle. Imvamisa, izinja ezinomusa zisebenza njengabangane. Lezi zilwane zithanda wonke amalungu omndeni; zivame ukuba yizinduna zezingane. Ngaphezu kokusebenza njengomngane, izinja ezinjalo zinemisebenzi lapho umusa nokubekezela kuza kuqala.
Kusukela ngesikhathi sikaHippocrates kwaziwa ukuthi izinja ezinomusa kusheshiswe ukululama kwabantu abagulayo. Lo mphumela manje ususetshenziswa kabanzi ukwelapha ukugula ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Ngaphezu kwe-canistherapy, kunezindawo zokusetshenziswa kwezinja lapho umusa udlala indima enkulu - laba bangabaqondisi nabatakuli.
Izinja ezinomusa zingabangane abahle kakhulu kubantu
ISt. Bernard
Elinye lamatshe amakhulu kakhulu futhi ubukhulu. Izilwane ezindala ezinokuphakama okungama-70-92 cm ekubuneni zingaba nesisindo esisuka ku-65 kuye ku-120 kg. ISt Bernards yokuqala yavela e-Alps, esigodlweni sezindela esiseGreat St. Bernard Pass. Imfuyo eyabeka isisekelo sohlobo lwaluncane ngokuphawuleka kunalezi ezikhona manje. Izinja zathola imfundo yezindela, ama-novice nezindela zaziqeqesha ukusiza abahambi, ukusesha, ngisho nangaphansi kweqhwa, ukuthola abantu abalahlekile.
Izenzo ezinhle azinakwa. Omunye wabamele lolu hlobo wazikhazimulisa. Waba uphawu lokusiza abantu ezintabeni. Usindise okungenani abantu abangama-40. Igama lenja kwakunguBarry, okusho ukuthwala. Ekhanda elinzima, umzimba onamandla, nokunye ukungahambi kahle, izici ze-bearish ziyabonakala.
UBarry wenza lolu hlobo luthandwe. Waphuma ezindongeni zezindela, waqala ukukhula njengabafuyi. Ukukhethwa bekuqondiswe ekwandisweni kwezilwane. ISaint Bernards ihlangene nama-mastiffs amakhulu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ubukhulu obukhulu bufinyelelwe.
ISt. Bernard ende kunazo zonke yabhalwa ngo-1895. Umzimba wayo kusukela ekugcineni kwempumu kuze kube sekupheleni komsila kwakungu-2.59 m. Ngo-1981, iSt Bernard, eyabizwa ngegama elithi Benedictine V Schwarzwald Hof, yafakwa encwadini yamarekhodi. Isisindo sayo sasingu-143 kg. Mhlawumbe, lezi zilwane azizona ezinkulu kuphela, kodwa futhi izinja ezinomusa.
Isimo sezinja sahlala sinjalo. Izinhlobo zofuzo, lapho igazi lezinja zempi zoMbuso WaseRoma zazulazula emithanjeni yakhe, akuzange kuzenze izinhliziyo ezilukhuni zaseSt. AmaSt. Bernards kwesinye isikhathi anikezwa umsebenzi wokuqapha, kepha akubona onogada abaqeqeshiwe noma abaqaphi. Imisebenzi yokusesha, yokutakula yezilwane ezisindayo zanamuhla nayo ibe kakhulu kubo.
Okuhle kunakho konke, iSt. Bernards ibhekana nendima yabangane. Emafulethini asedolobheni, ngisho amakhulu, iSt. Bernards inyinyekile. Izindlwana, izindlu zasemaphandleni, izigodi zezwe - ezimweni ezinjalo, iSt. Bernards izokuthokozela ukuhamba nabantu abanesizungu noma umndeni omkhulu omkhulu.
ENewfoundland
I-Newfoundlands izinja ezinhle zokusebenza. Ukukhula kwamaduna athuthukile phezulu ngemuva kunge cishe amasentimitha angama-70. Isisindo sawo singama-70 kg. Ama-Bitches 3-5 cm aphansi no-15 kg alula. Izwe lakubo izinja libonakala egameni labo - lesi yisiqhingi saseNewfoundland. Izinja zazisebenza ngokubambisana nabadobi besiqhingi, izikebhe ezidonswayo, zikhipha amanetha, zibuka izingane ogwini lolwandle, zikwazi ukukhipha umuntu ominzayo.
Umsebenzi onzima, imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene, isidingo sokwenza ngokuzimela, ubukhona obukhona njalo bamanzi buqinisa umzimba nemisipha, kwakha i-psyche ezinzile, yathuthukisa ubuhlakani bezinja. Kungezwe kulokhu imvelaphi eyinkimbinkimbi yeNewfoundlands.
Umphakathi wase-Yurophu wajwayelana nalolu hlobo ngekhulu le-18. Abazalisi baseBrithani bakhulise uhlobo, baqinisa izimfanelo zalo ezinhle kakhulu. Ngo-1878, iNewfoundland yokuqala yafakwa eKennel Club yaseGreat Britain.
INewfoundland kwakuyinja eyintandokazi yembongi uByron. Akumangalisi. Izinja zinomusa okhethekile, onqamula ekupheni. INewfoundlands inesibindi, ivikela ababuthakathaka nezingane, ayikaze ikhombise ububi. Kulapho, hlobo luni lwenja olunomusa akungabazeki ukuthi yiNewfoundland.
ESoviet Union, i-Newfoundland yokuqala emsulwa yavela eringini lokubonisa kuphela ngo-1970. Kwakuyinja okuthiwa uGin von d. IHudson Bay. Yize, kusetshenziswa izakhi zofuzo zaseNewfoundlands, kwakhiwa inja yabatshuzi eMoscow e-Union. Umsebenzi wokuzala wenziwa kusukela ngo-1940. I-diver diver ayizange idlule isitifiketi futhi ayizange ibe uhlobo. Manje lezi zinja sezikhohliwe cishe.
ILabrador Retriever
I-Labradors yizinja eziphakathi nendawo ezinokwakhiwa okuqinile. Isisindo nobukhulu besilisa nabesifazane buhluka kancane. Izilwane ezindala zinesisindo esingu-27-40 kg. Ukuphakama ukusuka emhlabathini kuya ekubuneni akukwedluli ngamasentimitha angama-57. Ama-Labradors avela ezinjeni ezilethwe eNgilandi ezivela esiqhingini saseNewfoundland. Okhokho babo yibo okuthiwa "yiNewfoundland encane".
Izicukuthwane zaseBrithani, phakathi kwabanye, zazithanda ukuzingela nokuzalanisa izinja. Izibalo eziningana nombusi oyedwa babandakanyeka eLobrador. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwatholakala izinja ezinekhono lokuzingela izibhamu. Laba kwakungababuyisi beLabrador, abahlale bengashintshi kule minyaka eyi-100 + edlule.
Ikhanda leLabrador likhulu, linoguquko oluhlukile kusuka ebunzini kuya ekhaleni. Azikho izindebe ezinamanzi, ezilengayo. Imihlathi inamandla, inobude obuphakathi nendawo, ngokulunywa kwesikele, ngokugqagqana okuphelele kwamazinyo aphezulu asezansi. Amehlo asezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Izindlebe ziyaxega. Intamo enemisipha, enesilinganiso esiphakathi ibeka ikhanda kuthumbu.
Isigaxa singena kunxande. Isifuba sinamandla, sijulile, esifubeni esivulekile, izitho zangaphakathi aziminyene. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu nokubekezelela okujwayelekile kwenja. Ukhalo luqinile. Umsila ucishe ulingane nokuphakama kwenja lapho ibuna. Ubukhulu esisekelweni, uthinta kancane kancane.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi iLabrador ingeyeqembu lababuyiselayo; iyisithwali esihle kakhulu somdlalo. AmaLabradors anomlomo okuthiwa uthambile. Uhambisa inyoni edubulayo kumzingeli. Isebenza kahle kumdlalo wexhaphozi nowasenyakatho. ILabrador iyakwazi ukuphakamisa le nyoni, icashe kahle kangangokuba ezinye izinhlobo zezinja zingayitholi.
Njengoba ukuqhubekela phambili emadolobheni kuqhubeka, iLabradors, esikhundleni sabazingeli, baya ngokuya baba ngabangane noma bahlanganise bobabili. Lokhu kwenziwa ubumnene, ukuzinikela, ubuhlakani, ukuqina kwesimilo senja. AmaLabradors aqeqeshelwe ukuba yimikhombandlela engcono yabantu abangaboni. Imvamisa zitholakala ngezikhathi ze-canistherapy, lapho zisebenza njengabelaphi abanesineke kakhulu.
Ukubuyisa okusagolide
IGolden noma iGolden Retriever iyinja yokuzingela esesilinganisweni. Abesilisa bathola isisindo kusuka ku-27 kuye ku-41 kg, abesifazane balula - kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-37 kg. Indoda ingakhula ize ifike ku-61 cm, i-bitch engekho ngaphezulu kuka-56 cm.Lokhu ukuphakama okuphezulu kwezilwane ekubuneni okuvunyelwe yindinganiso yokuzala.
IGolden Retriever ifuyelwa eScotland. Kunemibhalo egciniwe yezinja ezahlala kusuka ku-1835 kuya ku-1890 emndenini weNkosi Lord Tweedmouth. Ngenxa yomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngaphansi kwesibhamu, ikhono lokuletha umdlalo uphelele, kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 labazingeli baseScotland naseNgilandi baqala ukukhombisa intshisekelo ezilwaneni. Inja ifunda kahle, ifunda izindlela zokuzingela kalula, ithanda amanzi, ibhukuda kahle.
Amathalente eGolden Retriever awakhawulelwanga emakhonweni okuzingela. Inja iyajabula futhi iyadlala kusuka ebuntombini kuye ekugugeni. Ngokuzinikela kumnikazi namalungu omndeni. Uyakwamukela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane ezincane ngaphandle kokucasuka.
Ngokuhlakanipha, ubabona ngokucophelela abantu ongabazi. Okusho ukuthi, lapho inja ingayi ekuzingeleni, yenza ngenjabulo imisebenzi yomngane wayo. Ukubuyisa ngokujwayelekile negolide ikakhulukazi - Inja enomusa enomusa... Ngenxa yokukhuthazela kwayo kwemvelo kanye nomusa wayo, iGolden Retriever ifana neLabrador ngokuba ngumhlahlandlela noma umelaphi.
Udinga ukuhamba kakhulu nenja yakho, uma kungenjalo i-Golden Retrievers ingalahlekelwa ukwakheka kwayo bese iqala ukukhuluphala. Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukugcina hhayi kuphela uhlelo lokuhamba, kepha nokuqukethwe kwekhalori lokudla. IGolden Retrievers ihlale inesifiso esihle sokudla, mhlawumbe ngenxa yesimo sayo sokuthokoza.
UCollie
UCollie uyinja yokwalusa esikhathini esedlule. Esikhathini sethu, kusukela emadlelweni aseNgilandi naseScotland, i-collie ithuthele ezindlini ezizimele nasemafulethini asedolobheni. Inja ayikhawulelwanga endimeni yomngane. I-collie isalusa izimvu eNyakatho Melika nase-Australia. Umhlobo lo usetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza iinlwana ezisebenzako ezenziwa ngendawo ngokuhlangana neenja zomdabu.
Inja yokuphakama okulingene nokwakha okulula, enesici somlomo "impungushe". Isisindo sayo singeqi ku-32 kg. Izilwane zinemibala ngezindlela ezingafani. Uboya obude buvame ukutholakala bubomvu nge-tan emnyama futhi elula. Umhlobiso obonakalayo ukhololo omhlophe. Ukuhlangana okumnyama noma okwesibhakabhaka akuvamile.
Kunzima ukubiza izici eziqondile zenja. Njengoba i-collie ayiyona eyodwa, kodwa izinhlobo eziningana ezaziwayo nezingaziwa. Ngaphezu kofuzo, bahlanganiswe iqiniso lokuthi kunjalo izinhlobo ezihlakaniphile nezinomusa... Lapho kukhulunywa ngama-collies, bavame ukuthi:
- Inja yaseScotland Shepherd - ikhona ngezinhlobo ezimbili: izinwele ezimfishane nezinwele ezinde.
- USheltie yikhophi elincane le-collie.
- IBorder Collie - Lolu hlobo lwe-collie lusalusa izimvu. Kukalwe kuqala ezingeni lezinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu.
- IBearded Collie iyinja enkulu ngezinye izikhathi esetshenziswa eklabeni kwezimvu.
- I-Australian Shepherd iyinja ekhuthele futhi ehlakaniphile ekhuliswe e-USA.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zama-collies.
Imvelaphi yamaRustic nokusebenza kanzima akuzange kwenze lo mhlobo ube nezinhliziyo ezilukhuni. UCollie uyinja enokuthambekela okunomusa, i-psyche ezinzile nobuhlakani obuphezulu be-canine. Ziphakathi kwezinja eziyishumi eziqeqeshwe kalula.
Impilo kaMelusi ifundise izinja ukuthi zibe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, ngenkathi isebenza njengomlingani, inja idinga ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukugxuma, ukudlala, nezinye izivivinyo ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, i-collie ayifanele kakhulu ukuhlala eduze kwabantu asebekhulile noma abahlezi. Kepha emindenini enezingane ezikhulayo i-collie iyasiza kakhulu.
Poodle
I-poodle yenzelwe ukuzingela nokwanelisa ize yabantu. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezine zezilwane:
- enkulu, ejwayelekile noma yasebukhosini,
- okuphakathi noma okuncane,
- i-poodle encane,
- ithoyizi poodle.
I-poodle enkulu ikhula ize ifike ku-60 cm ekubuneni, i-toy-poodle ivame ukuba ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-28. Zonke ezinye ziphakathi kwazo. I-FCI ichaza izinhlobo ezi-poodle ngezinga elilodwa. Izindinganiso zokuzala zihlinzeka ngemibala emihlanu yengubo:
- mhlophe,
- abamnyama,
- nsundu,
- mpunga,
- i-fawn (umbala ophuzi okhanyayo).
Uhlobo lwezinwele zezinja lungaba yizinhlobo ezimbili: ezisontekile nohlobo lwezintambo (ama-dreadlocks) .Inja efana ne-poodle enkulu ivela emidwebeni yabadwebi bekhulu le-16. Ngekhulu le-18, lolu hlobo lwakhiwe cishe. Ama-Poodle ayehlala njalo ezindlini zezicukuthwane. Lokhu kubonakala ezindlekweni zikaFrancisco Goya. Ama-toy poodles abekhona njalo eceleni kukaLouis XVI.
Ngaphezu kokuhlala emafulethini abantu abacebile, ama-poodle enza imisebenzi yomsebenzi: babamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni umdlalo, ikakhulukazi amanzi; kwesinye isikhathi zazidla izimvu. Kuze kube manje, kwezinye izindawo, i-poodle isetshenziswa ngempumelelo njengenja yesibhamu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-poodle kwakufanele ube khona njengomngane.
Ama-Poodle, zonke izinhlobo ezi-4, izinja zihlakaniphile, kulula ukuziqeqesha futhi azinalo ulaka. Uboya obujiyile, kubo bobubili obusontekile nobunentambo, bunikeza umphathi wezinja inja ithuba lokukhombisa amakhono abo. Imvelo ethobekile, ubuhlakani nokubukeka okuvelele, okwenziwe ngcono ngabalingisi bezinhlamvu, kwaletha izinja ezinkundleni zemidlalo esekisini nakumaqoqo amafilimu. Ama-Poodle angenye yezinhlobo ezivame ukuqoshwa.
I-Basset Hound
Le nja enemilenze emifushane, enamaqhuqhuva, ngokungajwayelekile, ngeyama-hounds. Kakade ngekhulu le-16, izinja ezifanayo zazitholakala eFrance. Ukubamba iqhaza ekulandeleni nasekujaheni ama-hares kwakuwumsebenzi ophambili we-Basset. Ekuhumusheni okunembile, igama lenja lizwakala njenge hound emfushane, engaphansi.
I-Bassetts inamakhanda amakhulu, imilenze emifushane, izinja ezinde ezinemisila ye-saber. Izilwane zinomgogodla osindayo. Kunesikhumba esisobala ngokweqile ebusweni. Ukudonsa phansi, isikhumba senza inja ibonakale idabukile. Kepha izindlebe nezihlathi ezilengayo zinenjongo yokusebenza. Kukholakala ukuthi isikhumba sigoqa ukwenza iphunga elivela emikhondweni, liqondise emakhaleni enja.
Ngaphandle kokungakhululeki kwabo okusobala, ama-Bassets anesimo esiphilayo nothando lokuhamba. Bazwana kahle efulethini ledolobha, kepha ama-bassets afuna ukuxhumana njalo nemvelo. Bayakujabulela ukudlala indawo yabangane. Ukubekezelela izingane nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo.
Igazi
Inja enkulu ye-hound. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziselwa ukuzingela izinyamazane kanye nezingulube zasendle. Kulandelelwe izilwane hhayi kuphela, kodwa nabantu. Kukholakala ukuthi phansi kohlobo lwazo kukhona ama-hounds ayehlala endaweni yase-Belgian yase-Saint-Hubert ngekhulu le-XIII. EYurophu ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iSaint-Tuber hound.
Abesilisa bakhula bafike kuma-68 cm, abesifazane - kufika ku-62. Izinja ziyasinda. Abesilisa banesisindo esifinyelela ku-54 kg, abesifazane - kufika ku-48 kg. Umuzwa obukhali wephunga unamathiselwe ekukhuleni okukhulu kanye nenqwaba enesizotha. Ngenxa yalokhu, wonke umlando wenja uyinsizakalo kubantu. Ama-bloodhound azingelwa, aseshwa, ahambisana nabantu.
Impilo yamakhulu eminyaka eseduze komuntu yenze i-psyche yenja yazinza ngokwedlulele. Ama-bloodhound asebenza kanzima futhi agcwele ithemba, yize kunenkulumo edabukisayo emehlweni, edalwe yisikhumba esixegayo embotsheni. I-Bloodhound yabelane ngezindlebe zakhe ezixegayo nesikhumba esingeqile neBasset Hound. Ubuso babo bufana kakhulu.
UBichon Frize
Izinja ezinomusa zezinhlobo ezincane - lezi, okokuqala, yi-Bichons. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iBichon Frize. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiFulentshi, igama labo lizwakala njenge-curdog egobile, egobile. Ukukhula kwamaduna namabhantshi akweqi ngamasentimitha angama-29. Zombili zinesisindo esingaba ngu-5 kg.
Izinja ezincane zalolu hlobo zazihlala emachwebeni aseMedithera, futhi zazivame ukusebenzela ukubamba amagundane emikhunjini. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka izici zokuzala ngenkathi kuhanjwa futhi kuzaliswa nezinye izinja ezincane. Ohambweni lwasolwandle, iBichon Frize yahlangana nezicukuthwane zase-Italiya, inja eyasheshe yaba nemfashini nayo.
Njengoba isibe intandokazi yabacebile, iBichon Frize ayisilahlanga isibindi sayo semvelo, isimo sayo sokujabula nokuhamba. Inja iqeqeshwe kahle, ingaphenduka isidalwa esonakele, kepha ingabi nolaka. IBichon Frize, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ingena kahle efulethini ledolobha. Baqeqeshwe ngempumelelo udoti. Isimo sokujabula nokushesha kudinga ukuhamba okuvamile.
Isi-Maltese
Izinja zalolu hlobo ziyingxenye yeqembu leBichon. Lezi izinja ezinomusa esithombeni imvamisa ukuma eceleni kosaziwayo. Igama labo lesibili yi-maltese. Kwenzeka, njengoba igama lisho, eMedithera. Inja, ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, inamagama amaningi: inja yamakhosikazi aseRoma, iMaltese Terrier, iMelita (igama elidala laseMalta).
Izinja zikhula zifike ku-20-25 cm futhi zikala ngaphansi kuka-4 kg. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahluka ngokungabaluleki kumapharamitha wesisindo. I-Spitz, iTibetan Terriers ithathwa njengemithombo eyinhloko yalolu hlobo, kepha imvelaphi yezinja ayaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Uhlaka lwenja olufana ne-lapdog yamanje yaseMalta lutholwe ku-amphora yamaGrikhi ehlehlela emuva ku-500 BC.
Kukholakala ukuthi inja yokuqala yayingumdobi wegundane. Kusukela ngekhulu le-18, inja yenze imisebenzi yokuhlobisa kuphela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokunciphisa ubukhulu benja nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yejazi. Izinwele zoboya bama-lapdogs aseMalta zinde, ziqondile. Akufanele kube khona ingubo yangaphansi. Kuvunyelwe abamhlophe kuphela.
Kuze kube sekugugeni, ama-lapdogs aseMalta agcina isimo sokujabula nokudlala. Badlala ngokuzithandela indima yabangane. Zihlala ziseduze nomnikazi.Kepha inja engazalwanga kahle ingaqondi izingane. Izinja zingaba "zikhulume" impela. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokwesibonelo, e-Australia, bakleliswa kuqala phakathi kwezinja ezilahliwe.
Isi-Pomeranian
Le nja, izwe lakubo elibhekwa njengePomerania, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-miniature spitz, dwarf spitz. Emithonjeni yolimi lwesiNgisi, babizwa ngokuthi iDwarf-Spitz noma iToy Spitz. Le yinja encane, ibuna okungama-20 cm kuphela. Isisindo sayo akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kuka-3 kg. Izinhlobo zezinja ezinomusa zezingane, mhlawumbe uholwa yile nja.
Lezi Spitz ezincane kakhulu zavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Abazalisi baseBrithani babelangazelela ukuthola inja encane kakhulu, futhi bayithola. Kuqhamuke inja enesigaxa esithi "impungushe" esinde, amehlo amise okwe-alimondi, umzimba ogoqwe ngobunono nomsila obushubile, izinja ezibambe umhlane wazo.
Uboya beSpitz bude, buphaphathekile. Izinga lokuzala livumela imibala yoboya eyi-11, kepha ayikwamukeli ukuzilungisa izinja. Ukuhlela kuphela, ukugunda izinwele ezinde ngokweqile kubhekwa njengokuvumelekile. IPomeranian ifana nethoyizi loboya. Umlingiswa wenja akuyona into yokudlala.
IPomeranian iyinja ephilayo, enesibindi, kodwa hhayi enolaka. Iboleka kahle ekuqeqesheni. Bathanda ukunyakaza, ukuhamba. Uyakujabulela ukudlala nezingane. Inja kusukela ebuntombini, izungezwe ukunakwa, kepha ayonakalanga, izokhula ibe ngumngane omuhle kakhulu.
