Inkabi yeMusk - isilwane esinezinselo ezingavamile. Kuhlalisene eduze kwe-mammoth. Kepha ngokungafani naye, ayipheli ngokuphelele. Ububanzi bayo bemvelo bunciphise izingxenye ezithile zeGreenland neNorth American Arctic. Njengamanje, ngenxa yokuhlala okwenziwe ngabantu, sekuvele ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yeSiberia naseScandinavia.
Igama elithi "musk ox" elamukelwa eRussia ukuhunyushwa okungokoqobo kwegama lesiLatin elijwayelekile u-Ovibos. Isilwane kuvame ukubizwa ngaso njenge-musk ox. Lokhu kungenxa yephunga eliqhamuka emadodeni ngenkathi yesikhunta. Ama-Inuit - amaNdiya, atholakala endaweni yawo izinkabi zemiski, zibabize ngamadoda anentshebe.
Incazelo nezici
Musk ox esithombeni livela ngesimo sesilwane esisheshayo sobukhulu obuphakathi noma obukhulu. Ububanzi lapho usayizi nesisindo sabantu abadala bushintsha khona bubalulekile. Bancike ebulilini nasendaweni yokuhlala yomhlambi othile. Ubuningi besilisa obuvuthiwe bufinyelela kuma-350 kg, ukuphakama ukusuka emhlabathini kuye ekubuneni kungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-150. Izinkomba zabesifazane ziyisigamu sesisindo, futhi ziphansi ngama-30%.
Izinkabi ezinkulu zasendle zemiski zihlala entshonalanga yeGreenland. Enyakatho - encane kunazo zonke. Konke kunqunywa ukutholakala kokuphakelayo. Ekuthunjweni, lapho kudingeka khona umzamo omncane ukuthola ukudla, abesilisa bangazuza ngaphezu kwesisindo esingu-650 kg, kanti abesifazane bangabamba kufika ku-300 kg. Umehluko phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa uvezwa ikakhulu ngosayizi wezilwane.
NjengoTibetan i-yak, musk inkabi embozwe phansi ngengubo yoboya, shaggy fur. Okumenza abonakale eyisilwane esiqinile, esinemisipha. Umuzwa wamandla ungezwa yi-scruff nekhanda elikhulu, eliphansi. Kanye nezimpondo, ikhanda lisebenza njengesikhali esikhulu sokushaya.
Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane banezimpondo. Kwabesilisa, abasebenzeli nje ukuvikelwa ezitheni zangaphandle, kepha futhi njengezikhali ekuqhutshweni kwemiqhudelwano yokukhwelana. Ngalesi sizathu, izimpondo zabesilisa zikhulu ngokubonakalayo. Bafinyelela usayizi wabo omkhulu ngeminyaka engu-6. Mhlawumbe, lesi sikhathi singabhekwa njengosuku lokuzalwa kwenkomo yesilisa.
Izimpondo ze-Musk ox zifana nezimpondo zezinyathi zase-Afrika. Izisekelo zijiyile, zigudlukele ngakunye bese zicindezelwa kugebhezi. Abesifazane abanaso isisekelo esijiyile, engxenyeni engaphambili phakathi kwezimpondo kunesikhala sesikhumba esigcwele uboya obumhlophe.
Izingxenye eziphakathi zezimpondo zilingana nekhanda njengezindlebe ezilenga, bese zikhuphukela phezulu. Izeluleko zezimpondo zibheka phezulu, ezinhlangothini bese ziya phambili kancane. Izinkabi zeMusk eTaimyr Nginezimpondo ezifika ku-80 cm ubude. Ububanzi buphakathi kuka-60 cm. Ububanzi besisekelo bungaba ngu-14 cm.
Ukhakhayi lwenkabi yemiski lukhulu kakhulu. Ibunzi nobuso bamakhala busendizeni efanayo. Ngokubukeka, ugebhezi lufana nebhokisi elingunxande elifinyelela ku-50 cm ubude futhi lifike ku-25 cm ububanzi.Amathambo empumulo alule ngo-15-16 cm.Umugqa wamazinyo ongaphezulu ungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ububanzi.Isimo sekhanda, kufaka phakathi imihlathi namazinyo, siyefana nesenkomo. Umzimba wonke ubukeka kakhulu njengembuzi.
Inkabi ye-musk inemibala ehluke kakhulu. Ijazi ekhanda nasemzimbeni ongezansi linombala omnyama nonsundu. Umzimba osele ungaba nsundu, mnyama, ubheme. I-albino musk ox ayivamile ngokweqile. Inkabi emhlophe yemiski ezifundeni lapho iqhwa lilele khona u-70% wesikhathi kungabonakala kunengqondo impela.
Izinhlobo
Esikhathini sethu, kukhona uhlobo olulodwa lwe-musk ox. Ososayensi bakubiza ngokuthi i-Ovibos moschatus. Ingeyehlobo lwe-Ovibos, olunamagama afanayo nezinhlobo ze-musk ox. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo azizange zinqume ngokushesha ukuthi uhlobo lolo luhlobo luni. Ekuqaleni, kuze kube ngekhulu le-19, izinkabi ze-musk zazihlanganiswa nomndeni omncane wezinkomo.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile lokho ngezimpawu ezithile musk inkabi — isilwane, okumele yabelwe umndeni wembuzi. Ngezimpawu zokuziphatha, i-musk ox ifana kakhulu ne-Himalayan animal takin (iBudorcas taxicolor). Le artiodactyl emaphakathi ifana nenyamazane exakile nenkomo ngasikhathi sinye.
Izazi zebhayoloji zithole izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezinezinkabi ze-musk kuma-gorals - izimbuzi ezinkulu ezihlala maphakathi nasempumalanga ye-Asia. Izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezimo zokuba khona kwama-gorals kanye ne-takins kwehluka kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala izinkabi ze-musk. Lokhu mhlawumbe yingakho ngaphandle bobabili bengabukeki njengenkabi ye-musk. Noma kunjalo, umndeni ungalandelwa, ososayensi baphikelela kulokhu.
Phakathi kohlobo olungasekho, iPraeovibos noma i-giant musk ox isondele kakhulu kunkabi ye-musk. Ezinye izazi zithi inkabi yanamuhla yemusk iphuma ePraeovibos. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi izilwane zaphila futhi zavela ngasikhathi sinye. I-musk ox enkulu yaba nebhadi futhi yaphela, kuyilapho i-musk ox evamile yasinda enyakatho engakhululekile.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inkabi yemusk iyaphila ezindaweni ezinobusika obude nemvula encane. Isilwane singathola ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ukumboza okuxegayo kuze kufike esigamu semitha akusona isithiyo kuye. Noma kunjalo, ebusika, ukhetha ukuba semithambekeni, emathafeni, osebeni oluphakeme lwemifula, lapho iqhwa lishaywa ngumoya khona.
Ehlobo, izinkabi ze-musk zithuthelekela osebeni olungenalutho lwemifula namachibi, izindawo ezicebile ngohlaza. Ukondla nokuphumula kuhlala kushintshana. Ngezinsuku ezinomoya, isikhathi esiningi sichithwa ekuphumuleni. Ngezinsuku ezizolile, ngenxa yomsebenzi womiyane, izinkabi ze-musk zihamba kakhulu. Ubusika yisikhathi samaholide. Umhlambi uqoqana eqenjini eliminyene, ngaleyo ndlela uzivikele emakhazeni nasemoyeni.
Ebusika, imihlambi yezinkabi ze-musk ixubekile. Ngaphezu kwamadoda amadala, umhlambi uhlanganisa nezinsikazi ezinamathole, izithole, izilwane ezisencane zobulili bobabili. Iqembu lifaka izilwane ezifika ku-15-20. Ehlobo, inani lezinkabi ze-musk emhlambini liyancipha. Izinsikazi ezinamathole, izilwane ezingakafiki ekuvuthweni zihlala emhlambini.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Imvelo yasenyakatho ivumela izinkabi ze-musk ukuthi zondle cishe izinhlobo ezingama-34 zotshani nezinhlobo eziyi-12 zezihlahla, ngaphezu kwalokho, ubulembu nobulembu buhlanganisiwe ekudleni kwezilwane. Ebusika, iziqu ezibunile namaqabunga ezimbali namakhambi, amagatsha eminyezane emincane, ubulembu kuyadliwa.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izinkabi ze-musk zehlela ezindaweni eziphansi ezicebile ngohlaza. Lapho badla khona iziqu zotshani bekotini, amahlumela esedge, sorrel, oxalis. Amahlamvu namahlumela kukhishwa ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Ngokungafani ne-reindeer, izinkabi ze-musk azinaki kangako ubulembu nobulembu, kepha zidla yonke imifino ihlanzeke kakhulu.
Amathole aqala ukudlisa kusenesikhathi ngokwanele. Ngemuva kwesonto bezelwe, bacosha amaqabunga amakhambi. Lapho benenyanga eyodwa, badla ngokudla ukudla kwezitshalo. Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu, amathole, kaningi, alunyulwa obisini lukamama, ashintshela ngokuphelele kokudla kwabantu abadala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abesifazane bangakwazi ukuletha ithole labo lokuqala beneminyaka emibili ubudala. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngeminyaka emithathu, kepha baba obaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho bekwazi ukuthola amandla anele ukubuyisa ababafazi babo abancane. Abesilisa abaqavile abawamukeli amalungelo abo ngaphandle kokulwa.
Intshisekelo ezindabeni zokuzalisa ezinkomeni ze-musk ivela maphakathi nehlobo futhi ingaphela ekwindla kuphela. Izinsuku zokuqala kokuya ocansini kwabesifazane zincike ezimeni zezulu nasekuvuneni kotshani. Izinkunzi, ngokulindela isikhathi sokuzalela esiseduze, zithole futhi zijoyine umhlambi. Uma kukhona abesilisa abancintisanayo kuwo, umzabalazo wamandla uqala kuleli qembu lezilwane.
Ukulwa kwezinkabi ze-musk kusikhumbuza ngeziqubu zezinqama. Ama-duelists ahlangana ngamabunzi awo, noma kunalokho, ngezisekelo ezibanzi zezimpondo. Uma ukushaywa kungabonakali kahle, izimbangi ziyahlakazeka ziphinde zigijime zihlangane. Ekugcineni, enye yezinkunzi iyanikela ishiye iqembu. Kwesinye isikhathi ukushaywa kuholela emiphumeleni emibi, kubandakanya nokufa.
Eyesilisa ingakwazi ukumboza cishe abesifazane abangama-20 ngesikhathi se-rut. Emihlambini emikhulu, lapho inani labesifazane lidlula kakhulu amandla abesilisa, kuvela abesilisa abaphezulu besigaba sesibili. Impilo yomphakathi emhlambini iya ngokuba nzima. Imiqhudelwano ivela ngokuzenzekelayo. Ekugcineni, zonke izindaba zomshado zixazululwa ngaphandle kokuchitheka kwegazi.
Owesifazane ubeletha umbungu cishe izinyanga eziyi-8. Inkonyane livela entwasahlobo. Amawele awavamile ukuzalwa. Ukubeletha kwenzeka emhlambini noma kude. Emizuzwini eyi-10 kuya kwengu-20 izelwe, ithole elikhothwe lizimela ngezinyawo. Ngemuva kwesigamu sehora, insimu yokuzalwa iqala ukuncela ubisi.
Isisindo somzimba samathole asanda kuzalwa singu-7-13 kg. Kwabesifazane abakhulu nabanamandla, amathole asinda. Ngenxa yezakhi zobisi ezinomsoco, izilwane ezincane zifinyelela kuma-40-45 kg ngezinyanga ezimbili. Ezinyangeni ezine ubudala, izilwane ezikhulayo zingadla kuze kufike kuma-75 kg. Lapho unonyaka owodwa ubudala, inkonyane linesisindo esifinyelela kuma-90 kg.
Isisindo kanye musk ox size zikhula ziba neminyaka emi-5 ubudala, kwesinye isikhathi ngonyaka. Izinkabi zeMusk zingaphila iminyaka eyi-15-20. Emvelweni wazo wemvelo, la ma-artiodactyls anempilo emfushane. Cishe eminyakeni eyi-14 ubudala, abesifazane bayayeka ukuzala abantwana. Ekuthunjweni, ngokutholakala kokudla okuhle, isilwane singaphila ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Abantu baseNyakatho bezinyamazane ne-musk ox ukuphela kwezilwane ezigcinwa ezimweni ezingezansi. Imiphumela yokulima nokukhulisa izinkomo ze-musk isesizotha, kepha ayinathemba. Ukugcinwa kwezinkabi ze-musk emapulazini abalimi akuzange kutholakale ukusatshalaliswa okubonakalayo.
Izinkabi zeMusk ziyizilwane ezimile impela, zikulungele impela ukuphila emadlelweni angunaphakade nasezibayeni. Indawo edingekayo ukuze kube khona i-musk ox eyodwa cishe ingama-50 - 70 hectares. Lokhu kubukeka njengesibalo esibalulekile, kepha hhayi ezimweni ezisenyakatho, lapho amashumi, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamahektare alungele izinkomo zemiski engenalutho. Uma, noma kunjalo, ifolishi elingenisiwe nokudla okuhlanganisiwe kufakiwe esilinganisweni sezilwane, indawo yedlelo incishiselwa kumahektha ama-4-8 umuntu ngamunye.
Ngaphezu kwendawo ebiyelwe, kwakhiwa izhede eziningana epulazini ukuze kugcinwe izimpahla zefolishi, izinto zokusebenza nemishini. Kuhlukaniswa (imishini) ukulungisa izilwane ngesikhathi sokukama. Abaphakeli nabaphuzi bazungeza uhlu lwemishini nezakhiwo ezinkulu zasepulazini. Okwezilwane uqobo, izivikelo zingafakwa ukuzivikela emoyeni. Ayikho indawo yokuhlala ekhethekile edingekayo ngisho nasebusika.
ECanada nase-United States, sekuqongelelwe iminyaka engama-50 yolwazi ezinkomeni zemiski yokulima. Ezweni lethu, abashisekeli abangabodwana bayazibandakanya kuleli bhizinisi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ipulazi elincane lezilwane ezingama-20 lizobiza ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-20. Lokhu kufaka ukuthengwa kwezilwane, umsebenzi wokwakha, kanye namaholo ezisebenzi.
Ngonyaka, ipulazi lizokhokha ngokuphelele futhi lilethe inzuzo eyizigidi ezingama-30. I-Down (giviot) etholakala ezilwaneni ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo oyinhloko wepulazi. Eminyakeni ezayo, inzuzo kumele inyuswe ngenyama, izikhumba kanye nokuthengiswa kwezilwane eziphilayo.
Intengo
Naphezu kokutholakala kwazo, kunqamula okwehlukile, izilwane zithengiswa ngandlela thile. Ungathola okunikezwayo ngokuthengiswa kwezilwane ezisencane. Intengo yenkomo yeMusk kuvamise ukusethwa ngokuya ngenombolo yabantu abatholiwe, lapho abavela khona. Amapulazi nama-zoo angenza njengabathengisi.
Ngokusobala, izindleko zesilwane esisodwa zizoba sebangeni lama-50 - 000 ayizinkulungwane.Ngaphezu kwamathole nezilwane ezindala, kuvela uboya be-musk ox othengiswayo. Lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile. Ochwepheshe bathi i-giviot (noma i-giviut) - ingubo yangaphansi lapho kusontwa khona imicu yoboya - ifudumele ngokuphindwe kasishiyagalombili futhi ibiza kahlanu kunoboya bezimvu.
Ukutholakala kohlobo lwe-musk ox wool akuyona inkinga kuphela yokuyithola. Isipiliyoni esithile siyadingeka ukuze sikwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi ngoboya benkabi yemiski enikezwayo. Lapho uthenga i-giviot nge-Intanethi, okuwukuphela kwethemba lokugwema inkohliso ukubuyekeza nokwethembeka komthengisi.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Izinkabi zeMusk zikhombisile amazinga okusinda okuyindida. Afakwe ohlwini lwezilwane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-mammoth fauna. Okubekwa kuwo ama-mammoth ngokwawo, izidalwa ezinamazinyo ezinama-saber nezinye izilwane. Izinkabi zeMusk zazisatshalaliswa kabi. Lokhu kufakazelwa yizinsalela ezitholakele zezilwane. Kodwa amamammoth amaningi futhi anamandla afa, futhi izinkabi zemiski ezingandile futhi eziyindida zasinda.
Ukuvela kwezinkabi ze-musk eNyakatho yaseRussia, ikakhulukazi eTaimyr, kuhlobene ngqo nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle. Ngama-70s wekhulu elidlule, kuchazwe ubudlelwano phakathi kweSoviet Union namazwe ongxiwankulu. UNdunankulu waseCanada ngaleso sikhathi uTrudeau wavakashela eNorilsk, lapho afunda khona ngohlelo lokwethulwa kwezinkabi ze-musk enyakatho ye-USSR.
Kwakukhona uhlelo, kwakungekho izilwane ezanele. Ebonisa izinhloso ezinhle, uTrudeau wayala futhi iCanada ngo-1974 yanikela ngamadoda ama-5 nabesifazane abahlanu ngokuzalaniswa kwezinkabi zemiski eTundra yaseSoviet. AbaseMelika bebengafuni ukusala emuva futhi baletha izilwane ezingama-40 e-USSR. Izilwane zaseCanada nezaseMelika sezimpande. Amakhulu ezinzalo zabo namuhla azulazula emathafeni aseRussia.
Izinkabi zeMusk eRussia okhiqizwe ngempumelelo, kufaka phakathi i-Wrangel Island. Kule ndawo, baqala ukuhlala eduze inyamazane - efanayo nabo, ababephila ngesikhathi mammoths. Ukuncintisana kokudla kwaqala phakathi kwalezi zilwane, ngokuyisimangaliso akuzange ziphele.
Emzabalazweni wokudla, abekho abahluliwe. Izilwane zihlala ndawonye futhi zizalane ngempumelelo kuze kube yilolu suku. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi ukuqothulwa komhlaba bekungekhona okungenakugwemeka ngisho naseNyakatho Ekude, ngokusweleka okusobala. Njengoba ukudla okubandayo nokungampofu kungazibulali izilwane zasendulo, khona-ke abantu bakudala bakwenza. Lokho wukuthi, i-hypothesis yesimo sezulu yokuqothulwa ithathelwa indawo yi-anthropogenic.
