Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni zihlala eMhlabeni wethu, izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni zihlala eRussia. Ososayensi batshale umsebenzi omningi encazelweni yalaba bameleli bezilwane, kanye nasocwaningweni ngempilo yabo. Omunye wama-ornithologists avelele eRussia angabizwa ngoSergei Alexandrovich Buturlin (1872-1938), ngenxa yokuthi sajwayelana nezibonelo eziningi ezithakazelisayo.
Isibonelo, ngenye yezinyoni, wabhala emibhalweni yakhe: “Wake wayizwa inyoni yasendle ishaya ikhwelo igama layo, ungalokothi uyifunde? Ama-lentile ikwenza kahle. " Yiziphi izinto ezithokozisayo ezingasiculela le nyoni, yini eyenza ikhetheke, nokuthi ungayibona kanjani, sizozama ukukuthola.
Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi ibinzana lomculo elithi "che-che-wi-tsa", abantu abaningi abalizwayo engomeni yakhe, laqamba le nyoni enhle kangaka. Yize lapha ungaphikisana kancane. Abanye bathambekele ekuzweni engomeni yakhe ethi: "Usuke wambona uVitya?" Ngalesi sikhathi, ingoma enezimpiko icula into enjengale: "Ti-tu-it-vityu ...". Futhi imvamisa ngephimbo lokuphenywa ngemibuzo.
Lalela ama-lentile ecula
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni yelentili esithombeni ibukeka njengondlunkulu onezimpaphe ezipendiwe. Empeleni, igama lesibili lalo undlunkulu obomvu. Ngempela, ngosayizi isondelene kakhulu nale nyoni, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingeka-oda wabantu abadlulayo. Kodwa umbala uhluke kakhulu. Uhlobo lwakudala: abamele ubulili obuqine ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu babukeka benemikhosi emikhulu, yasebukhosini.
Umbala wezimpaphe u-pink ocebile ngombala obomvu, ukhololo we-frill esifubeni ugqame ngokugqamile. Isifuba nesisu kuphinki okukhanyayo, izindawo zezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ziyabonakala ngaphansi kwezingalo nangaphansi komsila. Ngezansi kwe-occiput, umbala kancane kancane uba mnyama, udlulele emuva nasemaphikweni asevele esesimweni somthunzi woshokoledi onomngcele wobisi ozungeze imiphetho. Owesilisa osekhulile, umbala ogqamile "wengubo yakhe" ukhanya ngokwengeziwe: umthunzi we-rose oqhakazayo ugcwaliswa kancane kancane nge "juice" ye-cherry noma okusajingijolo.
Lezi zinyoni zihlukanisa ngokucacile phakathi kobulili obuqinile nobuthakathaka. Intilili yesifazane ayinakho ukukhanya okunjalo ezingutsheni. Ukubukeka kwakhe kunesizotha kakhulu. Ingubo inombala we-grey-chestnut ngombala nge-nondescript marsh tint, esiswini kukhona izimpaphe ezinombala we-ocher.
Kukhona ukukhanya okulula emaphikweni. AmaJueniles asondele kwabesifazane ngombala, umbala kuphela ofiphele kakhudlwana futhi umnyama. Bathola ingubo enhle ngokushintsha izimpaphe kabili, ngamanye amazwi, ngemuva kwesigaxa sesibili. Umzimba wenyoni umude, ikhanda lihle. Uqhwaku luncane, kodwa lujiyile futhi luqinile, luyindilinga kancane ngesimo.
Imibala yelitshe lowesilisa nowesifazane ihlukile komunye nomunye.
Umsila ufinyelela ku-7 cm ubude nge-bifurcation engajulile, izimpiko nazo zifushane, zifinyelela ku-8-9 cm.Le nyoni inesisindo esingama-75-83 g. Eziduna zinkulu kunezinsikazi. Ukucula udali i-sonorous, iyavumelana futhi iyajabulisa endlebeni yomculo, lapho le nsiba ihlonishwa ngokufanele yibo bonke abathandi bezinyoni zezingoma.
Izinhlobo
Lezi zinyoni ziyingxenye yomndeni we-finch, umndeni omncane we-goldfinches. Ukucula kweMelodic kuyisici sabo esiyinhloko, kutholakala cishe kubo bonke abamele. Izinhlobo zelentile (futhi kukhona ezingama-22 zazo) zinokuhlukahluka kombala nosayizi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingahlukaniswa ngendawo yokuhlala:
Uhlala eYurophu:
- Ama-lentile avamile - ipendwe njengokujwayelekile, ikhophi yakudala kakhulu;
Izinhlobo ezintathu zihlala eNyakatho Melika:
- Ama-lentile aseMexico - lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-10. Kubo bonke, umsila uqonde ekugcineni (ngaphandle kokunqunyulwa onqenqemeni) futhi uqhwaku luthi ukuqina ezansi ngendlela yesigaxa. Ipendwe ngombala we-burgundy onemibala ebomvu, izimpiko ziyahlukahluka, iterracotta enephethini emhlophe;
- I-lentil ebomvu - ngemuva kwekhanda kukhona i-crimson "yarmulke", ngaphandle kwalokho iseduze namalenti ajwayelekile;
- Ama-lentile ansomi - umzimba ubomvana obuphaphathekile, amaphiko aqoshwe obomvu ngemigqa emhlophe, imiphetho enemibala kashokoleti emaphethelweni, uqhwaku lunezindawo ezinophaphe olulula;
Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezakhamizi zase-Asia:
- Amalenti abomvana - hhayi inyoni efudukayo. Uhlala e-Asia Ephakathi (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan) kanye neTien Shan.
- I-lentile yomjunipha noma i-pink encane (ebithathwa njengama-subspecies ayo ngaphambili), yabelana insimu nesihlobo sangaphambilini. Ingubo yesilisa enombala we-strawberry ihlotshiswe ngemibala yesiliva ezihlathini nasebunzini. Amajita nabesifazane banezimpaphe ezinombala wekhofi ezinemiphetho ethambile enokhilimu. Le nhlobo inkulu kunosayizi "bondlunkulu" futhi inomsila omude.
- Ama-lentile ePhale (eSinayi) - izimpaphe zowesilisa zibomvu klebhu futhi zibomvana, abesifazane nabasakhulayo banezimpaphe ezikhanyayo eziphuzi, okuthe ukuba mnyama mnyama ngemuva. Kubhekwa njengesinye sezimpawu zeJordani.
- Amalenti amakhulu - impela, inkulu kunezinye izinhlobo, umzimba ungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20, izimpiko zisuka kumasentimitha ayi-10. Isondele ngosayizi hhayi kondlunkulu, kepha kwi-thrush noma inkanyezi. Izimpaphe ziyathambile, izimpaphe zinde. Isizinda esijwayelekile sezimpaphe sibomvu ngombala obomvana, okunezikhala ezibucayi zamaparele-mpunga. Kukhona i-crest encane ekhanda. Kubandakanya ama-subspecies amathathu - iCaucasian, iMongolia kanye ne-Asia Ephakathi. Kusuka kumagama ungaqonda ukuthi bahlala kuphi.
Lalela izwi lentili enkulu
- I-lentil elibomvu elibomvu - uhlala e-Himalaya, abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngezimpaphe zombala obomvu we-cherry-red.
- Isondo elibomvu (idali lentil) - uhlala phezulu kakhulu, kuze kufike ku-3000 m, ezintabeni ze-Asia Ephakathi. Eyesilisa inezimpaphe ezibomvu ngaphezulu komsila nezimpaphe ezibomvu ekhanda nasentanyeni. Umsindo oyinhloko u-silvery grey. Abesifazane, njengenjwayelo, abahle kangako - izimpaphe zabo zinombala ompunga, nesheen eluhlaza endaweni yomsila.
- Ama-lentile aseSiberia - kuyacaca ukuthi ihlala eSiberia, ezingxenyeni zayo ezisempumalanga naphakathi. Kulezi zinhlobo, abesifazane bapendwe ngombala obomvana obuphaphathekile, kanti abesilisa, empeleni, bakhanya ngokwengeziwe, izimpaphe zombala wombala we-fuchsia obomvu (pink ojulile onombala we-lilac). Zinephethini ye-motley ezimpikweni ezimnyama nasemhlane, ekhanda nakukhasi, izimpaphe zesibhakabhaka sasekuseni (pink pink);
- Ama-lentile amabhande amathathu - izinze emahlathini aphayini aphansi entshonalanga yeChina. Umbala ucebe futhi ucace kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
- I-lentil emhlophe, isici esihlukile - imivimbo elula ngesimo "samashiya" ngenhla kwamehlo. Uhlala eHimalaya, emngceleni we-Afghanistan nePakistan, entshonalanga yeChina. Uthanda izindawo zezintaba, kusuka ku-2400 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Zonke izinhlobo zezimpaphe ze-lentil zezinyoni ziyefana kakhulu.
- Amalenti abomvu wewayini (amagilebhisi rose). Ihlala emahlathini aphansi nasendaweni eshisayo eNepal naseChina. Umbala ungachazwa ngempela ngokuthi "umbala ojiyile wamaCahors". Emaphikweni kukhona i-hue "yewayini elinesinamoni", kanye namacwecwe amhlophe, njengamakhekhe kakhukhunathi.
- Ama-alpine lentils - wakhetha iTibet namaHimalaya ukuhlala. Kukhulu kunezihlobo zabo zasethafeni. Izimpaphe zisondele kokujwayelekile.
- I-lentil elibomvu elibomvu - izimpaphe ezibomvu njengegazi zabesilisa, zihlala ezintabeni ze-Himalaya.
- Intshisi enamabala - Amalenti amaningi anamachashaza amachashaza ompunga, abomvana nabomvu, kule nhlobo abonakala kakhulu. Uhlala endaweni ye-Indo-Malay (insimu yeNingizimu neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia)
- I-lentil ekhokhisiwe emincane - uqhwaku luncane kunolommeleli ojwayelekile, isifuba simnyama. Uhlala enyakatho yeNdiya nase China.
- UBlanford Lentils - umbala wezimpaphe useduze ne-classic, uhlala eNdiya, eChina, eMyanmar, eNepal naseBhutan.
- Amalenti kaRoborovsky - Umdanso wompompi waseTibet, indawo yokuhlala - India, China, Nepal, izindawo ezinezintaba;
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izindawo zokwakha izidleke ngokuyinhloko zimaphakathi ne-Asia Ephakathi, kufaka phakathi iSiberia kanye ne-Urals, kanye neMpumalanga Yurophu kanye nezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Ungababona kaningi esifundeni se-Anadyr, eSakhalin Island naseKamchatka. Ebunyeni bezwe elaliyiSoviet Union, le nyoni itholakala cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kweMoldova neTranscarpathia. Wazinza ezifundeni eziningi zaseNdiya, eChina, e-Afghanistan, e-Iran naseCaucasus.
Lezi zinyoni zindiza ziye eningizimu ye-Asia ebusika. Kepha phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezingandizi noma kuphi ebusika futhi zihlala endaweni. Abantu abanjalo imvamisa bahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele. Ziyakwazi ukundiza amabanga amade, naphezu kobungako bazo. Ungababona ngokungalindelekile eMalta, noma eSweden, nasenyakatho yeHolland.
Zivamise ukufuduka njengemihlambi emincani. Babuthanela ubusika kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, babuye sekwephuzile, ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Okokuzalela izidleke, zikhetha izihlahlana eziminyene edlelweni noma ezindaweni ezikhule kakhulu zehlathi. Ungayithola inyoni enjalo emaphethelweni, emlonyeni womfula, emathuneni ashiywe noma ezingadini ezindala. Ezinye zihlala ngaphezulu ezintabeni.
Ama-lentile ahlala lapho kukhona amahlamvu aminyene namanzi. Bahlala kunalokho kuvaliwe. Kungalesi sikhathi sokuzalela kuphela lapho bacula khona, bakhulume, futhi sonke isikhathi bayimfihlo kakhulu. Ukuhamba kobusika kwenzeka ngokungabonakali ngokuphelele, ngoba imihlambi yabo ayiningi.
Indiza iyashesha futhi iyashelela. Zihamba ngokugxuma okuncane phansi. Zihamba ngobunyoninco futhi ngokushesha emahlathini aminyene, zibambelele emagatsheni ngozipho, ziweqe futhi zigxume. Kulabo abazozithathela lezi zinyoni, sincoma ukuthi simbozwe igumbi labo (ikheji noma i-aviary) ngendwangu enombala okhanyayo ekuqaleni, banamahloni kakhulu.
Kufanele okungenani babe namahora ayishumi emini, ngakho ikheji kufanele linqunywe eduze kwewindi. Futhi ebusika udinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Imvamisa ziqukethe inyoni eyodwa noma ezimbili zazo. Kepha kufanele zigcinwe ngokuhlukile kwezinye izinyoni, zingalwa futhi ziphikisane nezinye izinhlobo. Ngemuva kokujwayela indawo entsha, bangazalela ekuthunjweni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Imenyu esekwe ezitshalweni iyisisekelo sokudla kwabo. Bacosha imbewu encane yemidumba kanye nezimbumba, kanye nama-buttercups nama-sedges. Abazali bondla amaphuphu ngezinhlamvu zokhula lwe-cloveed starweed. Izinyoni zisebenzisa izinambuzane ezincane njengeprotheyini. Ngokuvamile lawa amabhungane amancane, amacimbi kanye nama-aphid.
Bawathanda kakhulu amajikijolo, ikakhulukazi ama-bird cherry avuthiwe, umjunipha, i-blackberry ne-hawthorn. Kanye ne-buckthorn, i-honeysuckle ne-viburnum. Ukwakheka kokudla kuchazwa indawo yokuhlala kanye nenkathi. Ngentwasahlobo, lawa amahlumela ezihlahla, ama-willow catkins, bese kufika isikhathi sembewu nezinambuzane.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, ukudla kuba cishe imifino ngokuphelele, kusetshenziswa imbewu engavuthiwe yomhlanga nemhlanga. Ngendlela, inyoni ibadla ebusika. Uma amasimu e-oat aseduze nendawo yokwakha izidleke, izinyoni ziyazigcoba, zigobise ama-oats phansi.
Ekuthunjweni, badinga ukondliwa ngemixube emincane yokusanhlamvu, imbewu yamakhambi nezitshalo abazijwayele, kanye namajikijolo abawathandayo. Unganikeza imifino eqoshiwe nezithelo, amakhambi. Kufanele kube khona njalo amanzi okuphuza.
Ubunzima bokugcina ukuthi ngenxa yokudla okukhethwe ngokungafanele, balahlekelwa izimpaphe, kuze kube yimpandla, futhi izimpaphe ezintsha kungenzeka zingaveli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathambekele ekukhuluphaleni ngokweqile, awukwazi ukubanqoba ngokweqile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngemuva kobusika, babuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Futhi ngokushesha baqala ukwakha isidleke. Inyoni yeLentil oyedwa, imibhangqwana idalwa isikhathi eside. Bathembekile komunye nomunye, owesifazane uhlala esondelene nesoka lakhe. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuphikisana kwayo, owesilisa kufanele avikele indawo yakhe nohhafu wakhe njalo.
Ngesibindi nangokuzidela ulwa nalowo okhethiwe kanye nensimu kwabanye abantu. Okwamanje, umngani wakhe isidleke. Indoda isempini, unkosikazi uyaqinisa iziko lomndeni. Isidleke sakhiwa kusuka esiqeshini semitha kuya kumamitha amabili ngaphezulu komhlaba. Imvamisa kukhethwa isiza esingejwayelekile kwezinye izinyoni.
Isibonelo, bangahlela ukwakha izidleke ngamaqoqo ama-alder amancane ("imishanelo yabathakathi"), noma phakathi kwezinhlanga ezijiyile ze-hop. Yakhiwe ngamacembe, utshani, utshani, amahlumela aphikisayo, izimpande nokunye okusizayo. Isakhiwo esinobubanzi obufinyelela ku-16 cm sibukeka singahlelekile, sivulekile, imikhawulo yeziqu ezinkulu inamathela ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene.
Kufakwe umhlobiso wesitshalo noma ubulembu. Azikho izimpaphe esidlekeni, ezenza ukuthi zehluke ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni. Isikhathi sokuzalela sibonakala "ngamakhonsathi" amaningi owesilisa, ngalesi sikhathi bakhuluma futhi bacule kakhulu, bendiza begatsha negatsha.
Futhi, ehlose ukuqhuma emthini, umculi ulungisa - uphusha izimpaphe, aphakamise umuthi, ahlale phezulu esihlahleni, aphume esifubeni - bese kuthululwa ingoma ekhalayo. Izwi Lentil ngalo mzuzu uyagigitheka futhi ucwebezela ngama-trill, kusobala ukuthi umzali ujabulile ukubuya ebusika, ukwakhiwa kwesidleke esisha kanye nenzalo elindelekile.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ziyi-phlegmatic futhi zikhetha ukuthula. Ehlobo, kwakhiwa i-clutch eyodwa kuphela, lapho kungekho amaqanda angaphezu kwayi-6 ombala othakazelisa kakhulu: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okuluhlaza okotshani okunombala onsundu omnyama, onsomi noma wentaba yamalahle. Ekupheleni okungaqondile, la ma-specks aluka iphethini efana ne-corolla.
Ubukhulu bamaqanda busuka ku-19 * 13 kuye ku-22 * 16 mm, kuya ngohlobo lwezinyoni. Eyesifazane eyodwa iyawafukamela, kuthi emva kwengxenye yenyanga amachwane achamusele. Bobabili abazali bondla izingane. Uma uziqondisa ngesikhathi, ekuqaleni kukaJuni ungathola imvuthu egcwele, ngasekupheleni kukaJuni amaphuphu avela ezidlekeni, futhi phakathi naphakathi noJulayi aqala ukundiza aphume ekhaya labazali.
Ngendlela, kulula ukuthola isidleke, izinyoni ezindala azinqandeki futhi zinamahloni, zindiza endaweni yazo zisengozini enkulu, ziqala ukundiza zingaphezi phezu kwayo. Kepha ukufika kuyo akulula kangako. Kuzofanele silwe namahlathi nezimbabazane, sibhajwe exhaphozini, futhi siqiniseke nokuthi amagatsha awakulimazi ubuso bakho.
I-lentil bird nest nge-clutch
Ngemuva kokuphuma kwamachwane, amadlozi aqala ukuphila impilo engaconsi phansi nenesizotha. Izingoma azizwakali, bazama ukuzigcina emathunzini. Kukhona umuzwa wokuthi wonke umgubho wempilo ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo.
Abazali "baphilela ngaphandle" izinyanga zasehlobo, vele bahlangana kancane ebusika (abantu abafudukayo). Ngalesi sikhathi, izidleke kunzima ukuzithola, kwesinye isikhathi kuphela lapho ungezwa khona ukukhala kwabantu abasha. Imvamisa, udali uphila iminyaka eyi-7-8, futhi ekuthunjweni, futhi ngokulondolozwa okuhle, kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Naphezu kweqiniso eliqinisekisiwe nelifakazelwe lokuthi udali munye, ososayensi bakwazile ukulungisa into eyingqayizivele kulezi zinyoni - izidleke zezidleke eziningana. Eyesilisa oyedwa wazikhandla ekusebenziseni abesifazane abangaphezu kwabathathu futhi wabondla ngokushintshana phakathi nokufukamela. Ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzekile akucaci. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokufa kwamadoda okuqala, lona wathatha umthwalo wemindeni emisha. Noma mhlawumbe kunabantu abanomoya onjalo phakathi kwezinyoni ezizodwa.
- Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwenzalo, ubaba uyathula, amise ama-roulade akhukhulayo. Kunjalo nje, izinkathazo ezintsha ziyanqwabelana, impilo ebucayi isiqalile, umndeni udinga ukondliwa, hhayi izingoma.
- Kukholakala ukuthi owesilisa oyedwa ucula izingoma ngazimbili zelentile, noma kunjalo, insikazi esidlekeni ivame ukuzinika njengekhala elithambile nelincane "Chuiii ... pyuyi ...".
- Amalenti afudukayo achitha izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine kuphela endaweni yokwakha izidleke, ezinye izinyanga ezingekho. Ingxenye ebalulekile yalesi sikhathi ichithwa emgwaqeni, ngoba bahlala bendiza eSiberia, bobabili ebusika nasebusika. Izinyoni zenza ukuchezuka okukhulu, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi nomzamo wokuphambuka kakhulu emzileni oqondile. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungama-echoes esikhathi esidlule ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo, ngoba kunenguqulo yokuthi iSiberia yethu iyikhaya lokuqala lalezi zinyoni.
