Abasiki bezinkemba bohlobo lwezinhlanzi ezingaphila emanzini amnandi nalawo anezinhlayiya. Kokwahlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo, bathunyelwa ku-oda lezinhlanzi ezinamazinyo, ezifakiwe emndenini wezinhlanzi ze-pecilia. Esimweni sabo semvelo bahlala eMelika Ephakathi, emifuleni efudumele nasemachibini emvelaphi ehlukahlukene. Indawo yokuhlala izinkemba ibanzi, kepha iningi lazo zonke izinhlanzi laziwa njengezakhamizi zasemanzini.
Incazelo nezici
Abasiki bezinkemba ezimweni zemvelo nezama-aquarium bafinyelela osayizi abancane. Ubude besilisa, ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo, buyahlukahluka phakathi kwamasentimitha ama-4 kuya kwayi-10. Izinsikazi zinkulu - zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-12. Izinhlanzi zihamba ngokujwayelekile, amaphiko athuthukile nokuma komzimba okuhlelekile kunomthelela kulokhu.
Abaphethe izinkemba bagoqwe ngokulingana kakhulu. Inhloko ingu-15-20% wobude obuphelele. I-Caudal fin - cishe i-20%, ngaphandle kwenkemba emadodeni. Kwezinye izinhlobo, lo mhlobiso ungafinyelela ku-50% wobude bomzimba. "Isikhali" esinjalo esihlaba umxhwele singaziqhayisa ngohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi "umphathi wenkemba yaseMontezuma"
Abesifazane cishe bazo zonke izinhlobo bakhulu kuno-12-17% kunabesilisa. Amaphiko azo ayindilinga awakwazi ukufanisa izinhlobonhlobo zezimo nobukhulu bezitho zomzimba zabesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsila wesilisa wesilisa ukhule waba yi-gonopodium, isitho sokuzala esinikezela ngamajometri abesilisa emzimbeni wowesifazane.
Umbala wabesifazane awukhanyi, imithunzi incike endaweni yokuhlala, amathoni aluhlaza okombala, onsundu, aluhlaza ayanqoba. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemvelo, abesifazane banamabala ngombala ojwayelekile. Abesilisa bakhokhela ukuthobeka kombala kwabesifazane. Ezinye izinhlobo zigqoke izingubo lapho kugqama umbala owodwa, njengomuntu ophethe izinkemba oluhlaza. Ezinye zinemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, ukungathobeki, okulula ukugcinwa kwe-swordsman, uhlelo olunokwethenjelwa lokukhiqiza selulethe abezinkemba ezindaweni zasemanzini. Kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Abafuyi nabafuyi bababona ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezinhlanzi zohlobo lwenkemba futhi ezihlala ezindaweni zasemanzini eziphakeme liphindwe kaningana kunenani lezinkemba ezihlala emadanyini emvelo.
Izinhlobo
Ngokwemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezingama-28 zezinkemba. Izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu zibangelwe yi-hybridization yemvelo. Lokhu kuhlangana akuvamile futhi kuyingxenye yenqubo yemvelo yokukhonza. Lokho wukuthi, ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha kubantu abanamabanga agqagqene. Kunezinhlobo ezingavamile futhi ezingafundiwe kahle kuhlobo lwama-swordtails. Kunezinhlobo ezaziwa kangcono.
- Okuluhlaza okotshani ophethe inkemba... Enye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu. Ububanzi bayo busezindaweni ezisuka eMexico ziye eHonduras.
- Umthwali wenkemba wasentabeni. Kwesinye isikhathi livela ngaphansi kwegama "chipas". Kutholakala emifuleni esheshayo yaseMexico. Kuvulwe ngo-1960.
- Ophethe inkemba ophuzi. Kudlanga eMfuleni i-Coatzacoalcos River Basin. Lolu hlobo kukholakala ukuthi lusengcupheni yokushabalala. Kukhona ifomu ezifuywa yokufakelwa - a swordsman ophuzi noma ulamula. Okungenisa ukudideka okuncane.
- Ophethe inkemba ye-Alpine. Inegama eliphakathi - i-swordsman malinche. Itholakala emgodini woMfula iPanuco, ogeleza eningizimu yeMexico. Yaqanjwa ngegama lomhumushi nesancinza se-conquistador Cortes: Malinche Malineli Tenepatl.
- Inkemba yaseMontezuma. Isakhamuzi sasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMexico. Iphethe inkemba yomsila ende kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomphetho omubi wokuqaqamba kwesimo nombala. Izinhlanzi zithakazelisa kakhulu ngesimo sazo sokuqala. Avame ukutholakala emanzini emvelo nasemanzini asekhaya.
- Umphathi wenkemba kaGordon. Ihlala endaweni eyodwa: echibini lentaba-mlilo iSanta Tecla. Ikhombisa izimangaliso zokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Amanzi akulechibi afudunyezwa ngaphezu kwe-30 ° C futhi agcwele i-hydrogen sulfide.
- UPecilia ubonakele. Emibhalweni yolimi lwesiNgisi itholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi "variatus platyfish". Lokhu ophethe inkemba — inhlanzi engajwayelekile, inebala elinamabala amangalisayo, kanti abesilisa abanayo inkemba. Indoda ephethe izinkemba engahlomile itholakala eMelika Ephakathi.
- Umphathi wenkemba waseningizimu. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-moonfish noma i-platyfish ejwayelekile. Abesilisa balolu hlobo futhi abanayo inkemba emsila wabo. Ububanzi bezinhlanzi buhlangana nobubanzi bendoda ephethe izinkemba eluhlaza, ngenxa yalokho, kuvela izinhlobo zemvelo.
- I-Swordsman pygmy noma i-pygmy. Itholakala eMexico, eMelika Ephakathi. Indoda ephethe izinkemba encane kunazo zonke, ayikhuli ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-3-5. Abesifazane balezi zinhlobo bampunga, abesilisa baphuzi. Izinhlanzi zabo bobabili ubulili ziyafana ngesimo.
Abaningi izinhlobo zezinkemba itholakale kuphela ekhulwini elidlule nelamanje. Ukungena kwabo ngamabhande kusihlukanisi sebhayoloji kuhlotshaniswa nenani elincane labantu, elikhona kuphela elingemizimba yamanzi ekude, engahloliwe.
Zintathu kuphela izinhlobo zemvelo ezidume kakhulu ezindaweni zasemanzini nasezentengisweni. Zinezinkemba eziluhlaza, ezinamabala nezaseningizimu. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, bekungezona izinhlobo ezihlanzekile uqobo eziphumelele, kepha amafomu atholakale ngokuxubana.
Umphathi wezinkemba oluhlaza usungule iqembu elikhulu lezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Iningi labo lahlukana nezikali ze-malachite futhi lathola izingubo ezingavamile, ezimibalabala. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemizamo yabalimi. Amanye amafomu amasha athandwa kakhulu ngama-hobbyists kanye nama-aquarists asekhaya ngokufanayo.
- Okubomvu i-swordsman - inhlanzi yase-aquarium... Kutholakala ngokuhlanganisa izakhi zofuzo zamasabula aluhlaza nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemishayo. Umsebenzi we-hybrid wenziwa iminyaka eminingi: kwakungenakwenzeka ukususa ukufakwa okumhlophe kumbala wezinhlanzi. Ngalesi sici, inkinga isixazululiwe, umbala usufana, ugcwele, ujulile. Izinhlanzi zaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-ruby izinkemba.
- Indoda enenkemba emnyama. Ukuthola izinhlanzi ezi-melanistic kungumsebenzi waphakade wabazalisi. Umphumela omnyama, uba ngcono. Abafuyi bafeze inhloso yabo, manje izinhlanzi ezimnyama ezinenkemba emsila wazo zihlala izakhamuzi zasolwandle.
- Izinkemba zelemoni. Kutholwe ngohlobo oluhlaza. Kwaziswa ikakhulukazi ama-aquarists, njengoba umbala wale ndoda ephethe izinkemba uvame ukucindezelwa umbala wokuqala oluhlaza.
- UCalico ophethe izinkemba. Izinhlanzi zathola igama elinjalo lezindwangu ngobuhle nokukhanya kohlelo lombala: izindawo ezibomvu zisakazeke ngemuva kwesizinda esimhlophe. Umbala womzimba okhulelwe abalimi awudluliselwa njalo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
- Umthwali wenkemba omhlophe waseBulgaria. Le yi-albino, elungiswe ngezizukulwane, enazo zonke izimpawu ezidingekayo: amehlo abomvu nomzimba omhlophe. Amaphiko aguqukayo aphazamisa kancane ubumhlophe bomzimba jikelele.
- Uthingo lwenkemba. Imivimbo kanye nokufakwa okunamachashazi kwayo yonke imibala yothingo kutholakala ngemuva kokuluhlaza okotshani. Ukubukeka okuhle kuthuthukiswa amaphiko e-orange.
- Ingwe ephethe izinkemba. Le nhlanzi inamabala anjengezinki zikayinki ezisakazeke ngemuva obomvu. I-Caudal fin icishe ibe mnyama ngokuphelele.
- Indoda enenkemba emnyama. Umzimba obomvu, ofakwe amaphiko amnyama, wenza le nhlanzi ibe nzima futhi ibe yinhle ngasikhathi sinye.
- Swordsman esithombeni imvamisa imelelwa ukwehluka kwayo kwe-lyrebird. Kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wezinhlanzi ezinomsila ungahluka kakhulu. Amaphiko akhula njengeveyili elincanyana avamise ukukhiwa omakhelwane be-aquarium.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Abasiki bezinkemba bagcinwa ezindaweni ezinamanzi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Isikhala esiphansi sokuhlala singabalwa ngokulandelayo: Amalitha angama-30 yivolumu yokuqala yamaphekula amabili okuqala, kanye namalitha ama-5 ngenhlanzi ngayinye elandelayo.
Imishini ye-aquarium ijwayelekile. Izimila nezinhlanzi zithanda ukukhanya. Ngakho-ke, isibani esengeziwe ngeke sibe sendleleni. Uma ifulethi linezinkinga ngokushisa, udinga ukunakekela i-heater, evame ukubhangqwa ne-thermometer. Ukushisa okuphakathi kuka-25-26 ° C akusona isisombululo esihle sezinkemba.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka-22 ° C, umuntu angabona ukuthi izinhlanzi zikhama amaphiko azo, "ziklwebha" phansi. Lokhu kubonisa isifo se-swordtails ne-ichthyophthyroidism, ebangelwa i-infusoria ye-parasitic. Ukuvela kwe-ichthyophthyriosis kungenzeka, kepha akudingekile. Abasiki bezinkemba bangahlala ngokuthula ngisho naku-20 ° C.
Lezi zinhlanzi ezibekezelayo zinomkhawulo, kuza lapho amanzi ebanda ngaphezu kuka-15 ° C. Ukufa okubangelwa yi-hypothermia kulele lo mkhawulo. Ukuqina kanye ne-asidi akubangeli ukukhathazeka okuningi. Lezi zimingcele zivame kakhulu. I-asidi icishe ibe yi-pH 7, ubulukhuni ebangeni le-dH 10-20.
Inkomba kasawoti ingahluka. Abasiki bezinkemba bavame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi angenasawoti. Kodwa usawoti omncane emanzini ngeke ulimaze izinhlanzi. Kulezi zinsuku, abaningi bagcina ama-aquariums asemifuleni. Umphathi wezinkemba, ukuze enze ushintsho, angabonakala ku-aquamir yasolwandle. Ukwenza lokhu, izinhlanzi zilungiswa: esitsheni lapho ihlala khona, usawoti uyakhuphuka kancane kancane ufike emikhawulweni edingekayo (32-35 ‰).
Izitshalo ze-Aquarium, lapho kukhona ukukhanya, zikhiqiza umoya-mpilo, kepha lokhu akwenele. Ngakho-ke, i-aeration ephoqelelwe iyadingeka kuwo wonke ama-aquariums amancane namakhulu. Okuqukethwe oksijini okujwayelekile kuqala kusuka ku-5 mg ilitha ngalinye. Ungahlola le parameter usebenzisa isivivinyo esithengiswa esitolo sezilwane. Imichilo yokuhlola izosiza ekunqumeni i-oxygen kuphela, kepha futhi ne-asidi nobulukhuni bamanzi.
Imikhuba yokudla yabantu abaphethe izinkemba iqondana nemikhuba yomakhelwane babo abaningi. Ukudla okubukhoma kuza kuqala. Imisundu yegazi yendabuko, i-tubifex, nesibungu kuhlala kuyizinto zokudla ezihamba phambili. Abaphethe izinkemba nabo abenqabi okuphakelayo okomile kwezimboni. Izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukwehlukanisa imenyu ngokuzimela ngokukha izitshalo zasemanzini. Kepha azilimazi kakhulu futhi azibukeli phansi izimpande lapho zifuna ukudla.
Uma kungekho ukudla okuphilayo, ukudla kwenhlanzi eyomile kungathuthukiswa ngokudla kwamaprotheni emvelo: isikhuphasha seqanda lenkukhu oqoshiwe noma inyama yenkomo eqoshiwe - inhliziyo noma isibindi. Konke okungadliwa yizinhlanzi kumele kususwe phansi kusetshenziswe isiphon.
Njengezinhlanzi eziningi ze-pecilia, izinkemba zingadla komunye umuntu kanye nenzalo yakhe. Amajaji athola indawo yokukhosela emahlathini aluhlaza. Izenzo zasemanzini zokubeka gazinga ngesikhathi esifanele e-aquarium yentsha eyehlukile kuyindlela eqinisekile yokusindisa izingane ezisanda kuzalwa.
Ukushintsha amanzi ku-aquarium kungenye yamaphuzu ayisisekelo ukunakekela izinkemba kanye nezinye izimpilo zasemanzini. Amanzi we-aquarium uhlelo lonke lwezinto eziphilayo, ibhalansi okulula ukufeza esitsheni esikhulu. Esigabeni sokuqala, amanzi awathintwa nhlobo izinyanga ezintathu.
Ngemuva kwalokho, cishe kanye njalo emavikini ama-2, kuphela ama-20% evolumu yamanzi eseyashintshwa. I-aquarium ezinzile futhi emile isikhathi eside idinga ukushintshwa kwamanzi kanye ngesonto, ngevolumu engaba ngama-25%. Abaphethe izinkemba bayithatha kahle le nqubo, ngoba bathanda amanzi ahlanzekile.
Emanzini amasha, ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi kwe-aquarist, kungahle kube ne-chlorine, ama-nitrate, ama-nitrites amaningi okwezinye izinto. Yini ebangela ukuthi ubuthi bezinhlanzi bube nezimpawu zesici: kuvela amafinyila kuma-gill slits, izingxabano zezinkemba, ukuphuma emanzini noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kube yingozi. Icala lingalungiswa ngokufakwa ngokuphelele kwamanzi.
Ukuhambisana kwe-Aquarium
Abaphethe izinkemba bayizinhlanzi eziphilayo. Zihlangana kahle nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-pecilia. Imvamisa abasebenza ngezinkemba kanye nemipupi bangabantu abaningi be-aquarium, ikakhulukazi kumfuyi wezinhlanzi ezisanda kutholwa. Ngaphezu kwama-platyliid, zonke izidalwa ezingenalo ulaka, ezilinganayo zingabhukuda eduze kwabaphethe izinkemba.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukuzola komhlambi kuyaphazamiseka owesilisa ophethe izinkembaonqume ukuhola kuleli qembu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kungekho abesifazane abanele. Ukuhlala eceleni, abesilisa abacindezelekile bazofuna isiphephelo phakathi kwezitshalo zasemanzini. Inala yabo ifiseleka kakhulu endaweni ehlala izinhlanzi. Abasiki bezinkemba bangabangane abahle ikakhulukazi nge-kamomba, i-elodea nezinye izakhamizi ezinamacembe amancane e-aquarium. Ngalo luhlaza ukuhambisana kwe-swordsman iphelele.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abasiki bezinkemba banesici esithokozisayo - bathambekele ekuphindisweni kabusha kobulili. Lesi sehlakalo esingajwayelekile - ukuguqulwa kowesifazane sibe ngowesilisa - kubizwa ngokuthi yi-protogyny. Ngokuvamile, izizathu zokuwohloka zingokwemvelo impela - ukuntuleka kwezinhlanzi ezisebenzayo zesilisa. Kwesinye isikhathi azikho izinto ezisobala ezichaza ukuguqulwa komzimba.
Izinsikazi zezinkemba zihlala zifinyelela eminyakeni yokuzala ngaphandle kokushintsha ukubukeka kwazo. Ziba nesisindo esanele futhi zikhule ziye ngosayizi wazo wokuphakama. Ziba ngabesifazane abagcwele. Bangaletha inzalo ngaphezu kwesisodwa. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezimo, baqala ukushintsha, baphenduke abesilisa.
Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kuguquka okumangalisayo kwenzeka lapho kunabesilisa abenele. Mhlawumbe imvelo yethula uhlelo olwakhiwe ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwalo muntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwenziwe kabusha, okungukuthi, owesifazane wangaphambili, kuhlala kukhulu kunanoma yimuphi omunye umuntu wesilisa oshaya izinkemba. Ngakho-ke kunezinzuzo ezingaphezu kwezimbangi empilweni nasemagameni okuzala.
Noma ngabe ama-metamorphoses wabesifazane ayenzeka emhlambini othile noma cha, ukuzalanisa isabula isebenza kahle impela. Abesilisa bahlala bezungeza abesifazane ngokunakwa futhi bakulungele ngokoqobo ukuzala njalo ngenyanga. Le nqubo ivame kakhulu ezinhlanzini ze-viviparous. Ukukhomba insikazi ekulungele ukuzala kulula ngokubukeka.
Uma i-aquarist ifuna ukugcina inzalo iphelele, ifaka lo wesifazane ekubelethweni e-aquarium ezala. Ngemuva kokuvela kwefry, izinkemba zesifazane babanjwa babuyela lapho kuhlala khona abantu bonke. Amafry, wona, adluliselwa ethangini lezingane. Ngemuva kwenyanga, kungenzeka ukuthi kunqunywe ubulili babantu abaphethe izinkemba. Lapho unezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, isizukulwane esisha sesikulungele ukuzala.
Abaphethe izinkemba babhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezi-viviparous. Kepha akunjalo. Imibungu yenhlanzi iqala ukuba khona eqandeni. Kepha izinkemba zabesifazane azenzi inqubo yokuzala. I-caviar ihlala ngaphakathi kubo. Lokhu kunikeza ukuvikelwa okungcono ngokungenakuphikwa kwenzalo yesikhathi esizayo kunokuzala okuvamile.
Abaphethe izinkemba abadingi ukukhiqiza amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaqanda. Zilinganiselwe kubantu abayikhulu kuphela besikhathi esizayo se-aquarium. Ngamunye wabo, njengoba esesibelethweni, uzondla ngokuqukethwe yigobolondo abakhula kulo. Ukuvuthwa kwemibungu kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-20. Ngemuva kwalokho, gazinga elizimele ngokuphelele lishiya umzimba womzali wabo futhi babe nethuba lokuphila iminyaka emi-3-5.
Ngakho-ke, kunembile ukubiza abantu bezinkemba ngokuthi ovoviviparous, hhayi izinhlanzi ezi-viviparous. Lo mqondo ohlakaniphile wemvelo uqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane endaweni engokwemvelo egcwele izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi cishe kusinde ku-100% ukusinda kwama-kingtails ezindaweni zasemanzini, inqobo nje uma izingane ziphinde zaphindiselwa emathangini esikhathi sobusha.
Intengo
Abasiki bezinkemba ezinemibala ehlukahlukene nezimo zokuphela kungathengwa ezitolo zezilwane. Okudume kakhulu kuhlala ngumuntu ophethe izinkemba obomvu. Lokhu kuyinto yakudala yohlobo lwe-aquarium. Ngenhlanzi enjalo, abathengisi bezitolo zezilwane ezinophawu bacela kusuka kuma-ruble angama-50 kuye kwayi-100. it inani lenkemba usevele ukhulile.
Emabhizinisini okuhweba alula noma kubantu abazimele, intengo yabasiki bezinkemba iqala kuma-ruble ayi-10. Inketho yokwamukela abaphethe inkemba njengesipho kungenzeka. Lezi zinhlanzi zizala ngokushesha futhi zigcwalise izikhala ze-aquarium. Umnikazi okhathalelayo ubhekana ngezikhathi ezithile nomsebenzi wokudlulisela ezandleni zabanye abantu izinkemba ezifuyiwe.
