Kunamacala amaningi emlandweni lapho inja isindise umuntu ezimweni lapho abantu abaningi bengenamandla. Ukuzwa okuhle kwephunga nezinye izimfanelo ezibalulekile kuvumela abasizi abanemilenze emine ukubhekana nemisebenzi enzima kakhulu.
Isivinini sokwenza izinqumo, isenzo esicacile, ukuzinikela kuhambisana nezilwane ezifuywayo ezihamba phambili. Umsindisi wezinja ayikhombisi nje amakhono okusebenza, kepha ikhombisa ukwesaba kwangempela, ukuzinikela kubantu, ukubeka impilo yakhe engcupheni.
Indaba yenja yokusindisa
Ngokwenganekwane, uSomandla ubuke impilo yabantu abaphelelwe yithemba abahlala ezindaweni ezineqhwa esiqhingini saseNewfoundland. Balwa nemimoya ebandayo, enamandla. Futhi nginqume ukubasizela umsizi, ofana nebhere, kepha onamandla futhi onamandla.
Yile ndlela izinja zaseNewfoundland ezavela ngayo esiqhingini, ezijwayele isimo sezulu esibi, azesabi amanzi aneqhwa, ukuqhwaqha kweqhwa, isithwathwa esibi. Abangane abathembekile babadobi baphenduke izingelosi zabo ezingabaqaphi ezivivinyweni zezinto zomhlaba namanzi.
Imininingwane ethembekile ephathelene nezinja ezinkulu, ezaqanjwa yizindela zesikhungo sokukhosela i-Alpine eSt. Bernard, igcinwe kusukela ngekhulu le-19 kuze kube namuhla. Kwabahambeli abahamba endleleni ngesikhathi sesiphepho seqhwa, izilwane bekuyithuba lokugcina lokusindiswa. Ama-hounds abopha imiphongolo ye-rum efudumele entanyeni yawo futhi ayithumela ukuyofuna labo abadinga usizo.
Izilwane zathola abantu, zabafudumeza ngoboya obukhulu obulethwe newayini, base beletha abatakuli abavela esigodlweni sezindela sendawo. Umlando ulondoloze igama lenja uBarry, osindise izimpilo ezingamashumi amane eminyakeni eyi-12 yomsebenzi. Ngelinye ilanga inja yathola ingane eyayigodola yabe isidlula emhlabeni. UBarry wakhotha ingane ukuvusa ingane ngesikhathi ilinde usizo kubantu.
Ngeshwa, owokugcina wasindisa ukwesaba ngoba uBarry wagwaza inja ngommese, wayidida nebhere. Inja yasinda, kepha yayingasakwazi ukukhonza abantu. Ngemuva kokushona kwenja, abahlali ababongayo bachitha inkumbulo yakhe, bamisa itshe lesikhumbuzo emathuneni aseParis. Izinhlobo zezinja zendawo, inzalo yama-mastiffs aseTibetan, yaqanjwa ngokuthi iSt Bernards.
Abantu bebelokhu bewazisa futhi bewazisa amaqhawe anemilenze emine. EPamirs eminyakeni eyinkulungwane nengxenye edlule, izakhamuzi zasendulo zenza umdwebo wedwala, lapho inja idonsa khona umuntu obuthakathaka. Kumamnyuziyamu emhlabeni wonke, kugcinwa imidwebo eneziza ezinikele ezilwaneni ezingenabugovu.
Ukuzinikela, amakhono ayingqayizivele ezinhlobo eziningi akha isisekelo sokuqeqeshwa kwensizakalo ekhethekile yezinja eziqeqeshiwe. Ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamuva, ukufunwa kwabantu ezimweni eziningi eziphuthumayo, imfucumfucu ngemuva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo, kudilika kungcono kakhulu kunephunga le-canine, ukuzwa okuyingqayizivele kwesilwane.
Inja eyodwa eqeqeshiwe ingathatha isikhundla somsebenzi wabantu abaningi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthola isisulu nosizo ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Ukuhlolwa okwaziwayo okwenziwe ngabatakuli bezintaba. Esiqeshini samakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi, "isisulu se-avalanche" sasifihliwe ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili. Abatakuli babantu abangu-20 bathungatha umuntu amahora ama-4, inja yamthola emizuzwini engu-12. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukonga impilo yomuntu othile kuya ngejubane losizo.
Izinhlobo zokuhlenga izinja
Akuzona zonke izilwane ezikwazi ukuba ngabahlengi. Inja yesevisi kufanele ibe nomlingiswa ozolile, ukubekezela, namandla angaphakathi okunqoba izithiyo. Yize umlando wazi izibonelo zomsebenzi wokuzidela, izenzo zobuqhawe zezilwane ezifuywayo ezinemilenze emine. Izazi zamaCynologists zikhomba izinhlobo ezithile zezinja ezinokuthambekela okungokwemvelo kokunqoba ubunzima. Phakathi kwabo, edume kakhulu yilezi:
ISt. Bernard... Inja enosayizi omangalisayo enamandla amakhulu omzimba. Amakhono ayingqayizivele ezilwane abonakala ngokubona kwamagagasi omsindo anemvamisa efinyelela ku-100 Hz, i.e. ISaint Bernards izwa izikhathi eziphindwe kayi-4-5 kangcono kunabantu. Ubuhle bephunga budlula amandla omuntu izikhathi eziyi-14 ngenxa yokuthuthuka okukhethekile komgodi wamakhala.
Isiphiwo esiyingqayizivele sezilwane ezisezintabeni siyazivumela ukuthi zilindele ukudilika emahoreni ambalwa ngokuhamba komoya, ukuxwayisa abantu. Akumangalisi ukuthi iSt. Bernards ibizwa ngezinja ze-avalanche.
Ngenxa yomzwelo wabo okhethekile namandla omzimba, izinja zithola abantu abangcwatshwe ngaphansi kwenqwaba yeqhwa, bazikhiphe, bazifudumale, bazikhiphele endaweni ephephile noma zilethe abantu. ISt. Bernard iyona ehamba phambili inja esindisa impilo ezintabeni, hhayi ukuhlehla ngaphambi kwezithiyo, ukukhombisa isimo esingenakuphikiswa.
Amakhono obuhlakani, ubuhlakani obusheshayo, ukumelana nengcindezi, ukuzinikela kwehlukanisa abahlengikazi abanemilenze emine abangenakuqhathaniswa ezintabeni. Empilweni ejwayelekile, izinja zingonogada abahamba phambili, bathinta onesi bezingane, abakulungele ukushesha ukuze bazivikele.
I-Newfoundland (diver)... Izinja ezinomuthi omkhulu, obanzi emuva, sengathi zenziwe ngemvelo ngomsebenzi womzimba ezimeni ezinzima. Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele se-anatomical sivumela iNewfoundlands ukuthi ibe semanzini e-ice ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo.
Lokhu kwenziwa ukwakheka okukhethekile kwama-auricles, ulwelwesi oluhlangene, ijwabu leso lesithathu, uboya obungamanzi emanzini. Zitakule izinja emanzini Bahlukaniswa ngokwazi ukubhukuda amashumi amakhilomitha, bagxumele ekujuleni okukhulu, ukumelana namakhaza, kanye nokukwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha kumuntu ominzayo.
Isistimu yezinzwa eqinile, izikhulu zikuvumela ukuthi ukhonze emaphoyiseni, ube yimikhombandlela engenakuqhathaniswa. Kodwa uthando olukhulu lwezinja luyisici samanzi, ngaphandle kwalapho isilwane singakhombisi izimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu namakhono.
Umalusi waseJalimane... Esikhathini esedlule esedlule, okhokho bezinhlobo zanamuhla babeqapha imfuyo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Izinja zesimanje ezinamakhono athuthukile obuhlakani zisemhlabeni wonke ekukhonzeni abantu - zisebenza emaphoyiseni, zisebenza ekusesheni nasezinsizeni zokuphepha, futhi zisiza emisebenzini yokutakula. AmaCynologists akhomba izici eziyinhloko zohlobo:
- izikhulu;
- ukuzimisela;
- ukubekezela;
- umsebenzi.
Izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezinja zembulwa ngemfundo eyiyo yezilwane ezifuywayo. Ubungani abubonisayo emndenini abuzona izici zabo maqondana nabantu abangabazi. Umlingiswa onamandla, ukwesaba, ubuhlakani buvumela ukuxazulula imisebenzi enzima kakhulu ekutholeni abantu ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu, ezindaweni ezinezintaba, ezigamekweni zobugebengu.
Kunecala elaziwayo lokusindisa abantu ekuthunjweni kweqhwa, lapho i-Ajax Shepherd isebenza ngaphandle kokuphumula amahora angama-96 kuze kube yilapho umuntu wokugcina ekhululwa ngaphansi kweqhwa elicindezelwe. Izidladla zenja zazibanda, zigugile kuze kufike ethanjeni.
I-Labrador. Wonke umlando wohlobo uhlotshaniswa nokusebenzela umuntu ngesikhathi sokuzingela nokudoba. Ukukhuthazela, amandla omzimba, umlinganiso olinganiselayo wezilwane kusizile ukusinda esivunguvungwini, isimo sezulu esibi, ukulandela umgwaqo ongekho emgwaqweni. Ngenxa yobuhlakani obuthuthukisiwe, izinja zibamba ngekhanda imiyalo engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili futhi ziqonda abantu kahle.
Ukuzwa okuhle kwephunga, ukwesaba, umthethosisekelo wezemidlalo kwenza izinja zibaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yokucinga emhlabeni, emanzini nasezintabeni. Izinja zensizakalo zibheka izinto ezingavunyelwe, eziyingozi, zisiza ukuphatha izinto ngomlomo ngaphandle kokulimala. Ngakho-ke, ababuyisi beLabrador baletha amakhithi osizo lokuqala anemithi kubantu emfucumfucwini, bekhasa ngemifantu eya kwabalimele engcupheni yezimpilo zabo, ukuze bakwazi ukuzihlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala.
UDoberman. Ngomzimba wabo ohambisanayo, ukukhula okuphezulu, ukuzwakala kwezinja okucacile, babizwa ngezikhulu. Amandla aphezulu okusebenza, amandla, ubuhlakani, ukukhuthazela, ubuhlakani obusheshayo bahlukanisa ama-Dobermans lapho enza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Izinja ziqeqeshelwa ukuhlola, ukuhlola imihume, ukufuna abagibeli ezintabeni, ukusebenza phakathi kwemfucumfucu ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba. Izilwane zinobuciko obuhle kakhulu, ukubonwa okuthuthukisiwe, ukuqapha, ukunaka. Ama-Dobermans anomlingiswa oziqhenyayo aqaphela abantu abanamandla nabalinganiselayo abakhonza ngokwethembeka nangokuzidela.
Rottweiler. Amandla omzimba wenja, izitho zomqondo ezithuthukisiwe, ingqondo ebukhali kudala yaziswa. Kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi eYurophu, amaRottweiler anikezwe indima yonogada lapho bethutha izimpahla, beqhuba izinkomo. Amakhono aphezulu wokuzivumelanisa avumela isilwane ukuthi sisebenze ngesigqi esinikeziwe, ezimweni ezinzima zesimo sezulu.
Inja yaseJalimane enokukhuliswa okulungile ihlala ilungele ukusiza umuntu. Uhlamvu oluqinile lwezinja ludinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kumnikazi, ubuholi obucacile kuzo zonke izindaba, ukuzijabulisa okunekhono. Emazweni aseScandinavia, izinja zaseRottweiler zisebenza emahlathini nasezinsizeni zokuhlenga ezintabeni.
Spaniel. Ukuhambisa izinja ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi kwahlukaniswa nobugagu bazo nephunga elihle kakhulu. Ukudlala ngokwemvelo, ukuphendula, ukuzijabulisa kubenza babe izintandokazi zawo wonke umuntu. Umzimba onqenqemeni wenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izilwane ekubuyiseleni abantu kumanxiwa ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo. I-spaniel ngokungangabazeki inquma ukuthi ngabe umuntu uyaphila yini. Inika izimpawu ngokukhonkotha noma ngokuhhewula. Ngenxa yokuphikelela kwenja emsebenzini wabo, izingane eziningi zasindiswa.
I-Alaska malamute. Izinja zidume ngokukhuthazela ngokomzimba, yingakho zikhangwe yimikhankaso yokunqoba izigxobo. Umthethosisekelo onamandla wezilwane, isicubu esithuthukiswe kahle sivumela ukuthuthwa kwesihlibhi ngomthwalo ofinyelela kuma-400 kg. Izinja ziyaziswa ngekhono lazo lokuhamba ezindaweni ezingazijwayele, zinqobe imithwalo yeqhwa, futhi zimba imigodi ejulile.
Isilwane sizokuthola ngokungangabazeki bese simba umuntu ongcwatshwe ngaphansi koqweqwe lweqhwa, ngaphandle kokumlimaza, ahambise abalimele kubantu, futhi ngeke amshiye enkingeni. Abantu baseNyakatho abakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwama-malamute emisebenzini yokucinga nokutakula.
Abaphathi bezinja bakholelwa ukuthi baningi izinhlobo izinja abatakuli kuvela ngokuthuthuka kwezimfanelo ezithile ezilwaneni, ukuqeqeshwa okufanele, ngoba imvelo isivele ibeke phansi amandla amakhulu ama-tetrapods - ukubona okubukhali, ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu, iphunga elizwelayo, ukukhuthazela, ubuhlakani.
Yiziphi izimfanelo nezici ezitholakala enjeni kumhlengi
Izinsizakalo zokusesha nezokutakula zikhetha izinja zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinezici ezithile zokuqeqeshwa. Uma isilwane silungiswa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu, khona-ke izidingo zedatha yangaphandle:
- usayizi omncane - inja idinga ukungena emigodini emincane;
- uboya bobude obumaphakathi - emfucumfucwini kunengozi enkulu yokulimala esikhunjeni.
Izinja zokusindisa ezihamba phambili zihlukaniswa ngu:
- imisipha yomzimba - amandla omzimba ayadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi onzima;
- ukukhuthazela - ikhambi lokusindisa imisebenzi liyaphuthuma;
- ukumelana nengcindezi - imithwalo esindayo ayinakugwenywa emisebenzini yokutakula;
- ukuthambekela okuqinile - kubalulekile ukuthi inja ifinyelele inhloso yayo;
- ukwesaba - umsebenzi uhlotshaniswa nengozi engapheli yokulimala;
- i-psyche ezinzile - ekufezeni inhloso, izinja akufanele ziphazanyiswe izinto ezingaphandle (iphunga, ukumemeza), zisebenze ngamadivayisi ahleliwe emzimbeni;
- ubuhlakani - izilwane ezihlakaniphile azenzi nje imiyalo, kepha zenza izinqumo ngokwazo ezimweni ezinzima;
- imvelo enhle - ukuthanda umuntu kuyisisekelo somsebenzi wokuhlenga;
- ukuxhumana nomphakathi okuphezulu - ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kuncike ekhonweni lokuxhumana nabantu abaningi, ezinye izilwane.
Izinja zokutakula zoMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo ngokuya ngezici zemvelo, amakhono asebenzayo, umsebenzi ugxile kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- uphenyo lokusesha nokutakula;
- ukusesha kwe-avalanche yezintaba;
- umsebenzi wami wokusesha;
- sesha izidumbu;
- ukuhlenga abantu emanzini;
- funa umuntu ngomzila wephunga.
Amakhono emvelo namakhono alungisiwe enqubeni yokuqeqesha ahlolwa ngokuhlolwa okukhethekile, okuqala ukwenziwa nemidlwane kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu.
Ukutakula ukuqeqeshwa kwezinja
Izimfanelo zemvelo zesilwane zembulwa ngokugcwele kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo semfundo efanele, uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa njalo. Akunakwenzeka ukulungisa amaphutha omqeqeshi ngesikhathi semidlwane yesilwane esifuywayo kamuva.
Isevisi yokusesha nokutakula ngokubamba iqhaza kwabasizi abanemilenze emine, indlela yasekhaya yokuqeqesha izinja zensizakalo ingenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuzijwayeza izinja ukunqoba izithiyo, ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwamanxiwa, ukusebenza ebumnyameni ngokuphelele, ezimeni ezinzima zezulu. Ukuqeqeshwa kwenziwa ezimeni ezenziwe ngokuqhuma, izikhukhula, ukuvuza kwamafutha, ukuzamazama komhlaba.
Izinja zifunda ukuphatha izinsimbi, ukukhasa, ukubhukuda, ukuba nomuntu esikebheni, endizeni, endizeni enophephela emhlane. Ukuqina kwezilwane kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ukuhlala ubusuku bonke endaweni evulekile. Ukutakula ukuqeqeshwa kwezinja ibeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono wokujwayela phansi, ukunqoba izithiyo, ukusesha indawo.
Kumakilasi, izindawo ezahlukahlukene ezinokukhululeka okuhlukahlukene zikhethiwe, umthwalo ubalwa ukuze izinja zingasebenzi ngokweqile, imisebenzi yokuthola izinto ngephunga elithile kancane kancane iba nzima.
Abaphathi bezinja bayazi ukuthi usesho oluphumelelayo lwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyi-1-2 lusebenza kangcono kunokutholwa okulula okuyi-10-12. Izinja ziklonyeliswa ngezinqumo ezinhle ngokuphathwa okukhethekile ukugcina inja inentshisekelo futhi iphikelela.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Mayelana nezinja zokutakula kuvame ukushiwo ukuthi banjengezingelosi ezibagadayo zabantu ngezikhathi zezinhlekelele zemvelo, njengoba zivela lapho umuntu ewela esimweni sokuphelelwa yithemba. Kuthatha isilinganiso sonyaka nesigamu ukuqeqesha umsindisi onemilenze emine.
Ochwepheshe abazenqabeli izinja ngesisekelo sohlobo lokuzala. "I-mongrel" enekhono inamandla kakhulu kunomdlwane ophelele onozalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indlela yokuthola umuntu ngephunga ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukufaka inja esikhundleni sedivayisi.
Inja eyodwa yokutakula ingena esikhundleni sezinjini zokusesha ezingama-20-30. Umsebenzi ophumelela kakhulu wenziwa kunamafu nasebusuku - isilwane sithatha iphunga kangcono. Ngosuku olulodwa lokusebenza, inja iyakwazi ukuhlola indawo eyi-1 sq. Km.
Izinja zensizakalo, ngenxa yengcindezi, ukunakwa kokuqina, "ukuthatha umhlalaphansi" phambilini, kuba yizintandokazi zabaninizo, uma zihlala ziphila ezinkingeni ezibuhlungu. Impilo yamaqhawe anemilenze emine imfishane kunaleyo yamanxusa asekhaya.
Ayikho injabulo enkulu ngenja yokusesha kunokulondoloza umuntu ophilayo. Ngo-2001, ngemuva kokuwa kweTwin Towers, izinja zomsebenzi zadlula ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kanye nabantu - azitholakalanga zisaphila. Ngeshwa, izilwane azinalungelo lokuthola imiklomelo, kepha inhlonipho etakuliwe ihlonipha zonke izinja ezivelele.
Isibonelo, izakhamizi zaseBeslan zikhumbula uLabrador Bernie nomhlengi u-Alexei Bochkarev, izakhamizi zaseKazan ngemuva komlilo osendaweni yezitolo i-Admiral - umalusi waseBelgium uFartou, owathola ukusha kodwa enza umsebenzi. Izinja zokutakula esithombeni khumbuza wonke umuntu ngokuxhaphaza ngenxa yempilo yomuntu. Mhlawumbe, lezi ukuphela kwezidalwa ezithanda abantu ngaphezu kwazo.
