Umbuso ongaphansi kwamanzi ngumhlaba ohlukile futhi osacutshungulwa kuze kube manje. Izakhamizi zayo ziyamangalisa kangangokuthi ungacabanga ukuthi aziveli kwiplanethi yethu.. Zingaba zombili ngokuthandekayo futhi zibe zimbi ngokwenyanyekayo.
Isidalwa esingajwayelekile, esinjengaleso esibukeka kabi ukwehla kwenhlanzi - izinhlanzi zasolwandle zomndeni wama-psychrolute, ezihlala ekujuleni, ezansi nolwandle. Lesi sidalwa saziwa njengenye yezinto zasolwandle ezingavamile kakhulu eMhlabeni. Futhi njalo ngonyaka kwaqala ukuhlangana nabadobi enetheni.
Kwesinye isikhathi ungezwa amanye amagama ale nhlanzi - i-psychrolute goby noma i-goby yase-Australia. Ngakho-ke ibizwa ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe esifundeni sase-Australia, nangenxa yobudlelwano nezinhlanzi ze-goby.
Akwaziwa ukuthi uhlala isikhathi esingakanani emhlabeni wethu. Baqala ukukhuluma ngaye ngo-1926, lapho abadobi base-Australia badonsa lesi simangaliso olwandle ogwini lwaseTasmania. Kodwa-ke, ngaba nenhlanhla yokumazi ngokuningiliziwe kuphela ngemuva maphakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Incazelo nezici
Ukwehla kwezinhlanzi kuyisici esisodwa esikhulu uqobo. Ibizwa kanjalo ngoba umzimba unesimo sedonsi elikhulu. Iqala ngekhanda elikhulu, bese iba mncane kancane kancane, futhi eduze nomsila kuyanyamalala. Ngaphandle, alusoze lwaphanjaniswa nanoma ngubani.
Okokuqala, unesikhumba esingenalutho. Akamboziwe esikalini, futhi lokhu kuyisimanga sokuqala ekubukekeni kwakhe. Uma uyibuka eceleni, isabukeka njengenhlanzi. Unomsila, yize mncane. Ngalo, ulawula ukuqondiswa kokuhamba. Kukhona amaphiko e-lateral kuphela akhona, futhi ngisho nalawo athuthukisiwe kahle. Amanye amaphiko awabonwa.
Ubungako balezi zinhlanzi, esikwazile ukububheka, bebusuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-70. Isisindo sisuka ku-10 kuye ku-12 kg. Imibala isukela kokuphinki kuye kokumpunga. Akwaziwa ukuthi kwenzekani ngosayizi nombala ekujuleni kolwandle. Kepha izinhlanzi ezazibanjwe kuvidiyo zazinsundu ngokumpunga noma nge-beige.
Ukufihla okuhle, kuhambisana ngqo nengaphansi kwesihlabathi. Kukhona okubonakalayo ukuthi abantu abasha bayakhanya kancane. Emzimbeni kukhona iziqu ezincane ezibukeka njengameva. Futhi njengenhlanzi ejwayelekile, akusekho okunye ongakusho ngakho. Zonke ezinye izimpawu azijwayelekile kakhulu.
Ukumphendulela ebusweni ungathola ukucindezeleka okuncane. Amehlo amancane, ahlukaniswe kabanzi abheke ngqo kuwe, phakathi kwawo kunekhala elide elixegayo, futhi ngaphansi kwalo kukhona umlomo omkhulu onamakhona adicilele phansi ngokudangala. Konke lokhu ndawonye kwenza isithombe sokuthi lo muntu onalesi sifo uhlale ekhophozile futhi engajabule.
Kunjalo iconsi elidabukisayo lenhlanzi ngobuso bomuntu. Ukuthi kungani leli khala lesengezo lisebusweni bakhe alicaci. Kepha nguyena ongesinye sezici zayo ezihlukile. Amehlo, ngasendleleni, abona kahle ezansi kolwandle, ajwayele indlela yokuphila yolwandle olujulile. Kepha ezinhlanzini ezibanjiwe, zincipha ngokushesha ngosayizi. Ngokuqondile "kushaywe umoya" ngomqondo ongokoqobo. Lokhu kubonakala kahle ezithombeni zesidalwa esimangalisayo.
Esinye isibonakaliso esimangazayo ukuthi umzimba wakhe awuminyene, njengazo zonke izinhlanzi, kepha ufana ne-gel. Uxolo ngokuqhathanisa - "inhlanzi ejeliwe" yangempela. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi akanaso isibhuku sokubhukuda. Ngokusobala ngoba ekujuleni okukhulu lesi sitho asikwazi ukusebenza.
Izomane icindezelwe ingcindezi ephezulu yokujula. Ukuze ikwazi ukubhukuda, imvelo bekufanele iguqule ukwakheka kwezicubu zayo. Inyama yeGelatinous incane kakhulu kunamanzi, ngakho-ke ilula. Cishe ngokungazami, ingavela. Ngakho-ke, ayinayo imisipha.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isisindo sejeli esakhiwe ngumzimba wakhe sikhiqizwa yibhamuza lomoya wakhe. Ukwehla kwezinhlanzi esithombeni akubukeki njengenhlanzi nhlobo. Uma ubheka "ubuso" bakhe, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi lesi sidalwa esasemhlabeni.
Esikhundleni salokho, "ubuso nobuso" bufana ne-Alpha (khumbula, umfokazi odumile ochungechungeni lwegama elifanayo?) - ikhala elifanayo elifanayo, izindebe ezilandelwayo, isisho "sobuso" esingajabule nokubukeka kwangaphandle. Futhi kuphrofayili - kulungile, makube nenhlanzi, okungajwayelekile kuphela.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlanzi ze-Psychrolytic zingumndeni wezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe. Lezi kusengabantu abahlala emanzini abangafundiswanga kahle, bahlala endaweni ephakathi nendawo phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinezimpondo nama-sea slugs. Eziningi zazo azinazo izikali, izigaxa noma amapuleti emizimbeni yazo, kunesikhumba nje esingenalutho.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezisondela kakhulu kuma-slugs zinomzimba ovulekile, ofana ne-jelly. Bathola igama elithi "psychrolutes" ngenxa yommeleli oyedwa, owabonakala emanzini asenyakatho oLwandlekazi iPacific ekujuleni kwe-150-500 m.
Wabizwa ngegama elithi "psychrolute emangalisayo." Kule nkulumo, igama elithi "psychrolutes" (Psyhrolutes) elisuselwa esiLatin lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "ukugeza emanzini abandayo." Abaningi babo bakhetha ukuhlala emanzini asenyakatho apholile.
Kunemikhaya emi-2 emndenini, ehlanganisa imikhakha eyi-11. Ama-goottunculi kanye nama-gobies athambile abhekwa njengezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zezinhlanzi zethu, zazo ezidume kakhulu ngama-gobies anomsila omhlophe u-10 cm ubude nama-gobies athambile alinganiselwa kuma-30 cm. Atholakala eNorth Pacific Ocean.
Ubuningi balezi zinhlanzi ezimangalisayo bakhetha amanzi asenyakatho oLwandlekazi iPacific, begeza i-Eurasia, impilo yonke. Ngasogwini lwaseMelika, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezifana nezaseMpumalanga Ekude, kepha izinhlobo ezithile zingabonakala lapho.
Emaphethelweni ase-Atlantic aseNyakatho Melika, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-kottunculi, ezisatshalaliswa ekujuleni okuhlukile:
- i-kottunculus enamehlo amancane yathatha isikhundla kusuka kumamitha ayi-150 kuye kwangama-500,
- I-kottunkul Sadko yacwila phansi kancane yahlala ekujuleni kwe-300 kuya ku-800 m,
- I-cottunculus kaThomson izwa kahle ekujuleni kwe-1000 m.
Ezilwandle zase-Arctic, kukhona nenani elincane lalezi zinhlanzi, zimbili kuphela izidalwa zasolwandle - i-hook-horn enolaka kanye ne-Chukchi sculpin. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezihlilingi ezisondele kubo, lezi zinhlanzi zinendawo ehlukile. Bangakwazi futhi ukuhlala olwandle oluseningizimu.
Kukhona igama elinjalo - abantu abavamile, okungukuthi, lezo eziyizici kuphela zale ndawo futhi ezinokuthize okwenziwe kule ndawo. Le mfanelo inemvelo kakhulu kuma-psychrolute. Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala endaweni eyodwa kuphela eMhlabeni.
Isibonelo, icottunculus enameva ihlala ngasogwini oluseningizimu ye-Atlantic e-Afrika. Isincane ngosayizi, cishe ngama-20 cm, abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. IPatagonia yaba nenhlanhla yokuthatha idemoni osebeni lwayo - isidalwa esifana ne-goby esifana kakhulu neqhawekazi lethu. Unomzimba ofana nojeli, ikhanda elikhulu, usayizi womzimba kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-40 cm.
Eningizimu ye-Afrika, esiqongweni esiseningizimu impela, amaKottunculoides ahlala, afana nokwehla kwenhlanzi ekubukekeni, izidalwa. Zitholakala nasenyakatho yezwe.
INew Zealand igabisa ngobukhona be-neofrinicht, noma i-toad goby, ngasogwini lwayo. Ngokuvamile, ama-gobies olwandle oluseningizimu atholakala ajule kakhulu kunasenyakatho. Ukwahlulela ngezimpawu, zonke zehla kwabamele enyakatho, eningizimu zaya ezinzulwini ngoba kupholile lapho.
Lezi zinhlanzi, zona ngokwazo ezingezona ezentengiselwano, zabelana ngokudla nalabo. Kwesinye isikhathi baze basuse ezinye zezinhlanzi ezibalulekile zentengiso, ngokwesibonelo, i-flounder. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangadla nge-caviar kanye nefry yezinhlanzi ezentengiselwano. Kodwa-ke, zona uqobo zingukudla okubalulekile kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwabo ezilwaneni kuyasiza futhi kuyadingeka.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
I-drop fish ihlala ezilwandle ezintathu zoMhlaba - iPacific, i-Atlantic kanye neNdiya. Kuyingxenye ethile yezilwane zasogwini lwase-Australia. Ngokuya ngemininingwane etholakele kuze kube manje, ihlala ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-600-1500. Yatholwa ngasogwini lwaseNew Zealand, eTasmania nase-Australia.
Kunzima ukusho okwamanje ukuthi ngabe le yinhlanzi eyodwa noma izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi ezilahlwayo. Ngokuya ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle nezinye izimfanelo ezihlukile, singasho nje ukuthi laba bangabamele ama-psychrolyte, afana nenhlanzi eyehliswayo.
Ngeshwa, ngenxa yezimo ezithile zokuhlala, akuqondakali kahle. Ukudubula kungenziwa ngokujula, kepha okwamanje akukwazi ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokuphila yesidalwa esimangalisayo. Kepha akunakwenzeka ukuyizala emadamini okufakelwa, kunzima ukudala izimo ezifanele, ikakhulukazi ingcindezi ejulile.
Okuncane kuphela okwaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Imvamisa bahlala bodwa. Ukukhula okuncane, ukukhula, kushiya abazali babo. Uphonsa i-caviar ngqo esihlabathini. Inqubo yokuvuthwa kwe-caviar nokubamba iqhaza kule nhlanzi emangalisayo ihlukile. Kepha ngaphezulu kwalokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ibhukuda kancane, njengoba ingenayo imisipha kanye nesethi ephelele yamaphiko.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ihlala olwandle oluseningizimu, isaphila ekujuleni okukhulu. Ukusuka lapho singaphetha ngokuthi le yinhlanzi ethanda amakhaza. Ososayensi muva nje bakwazile ukusungula okungokwabo bezinhlanzi zamathambo zomndeni we-ray-fin.
Kepha vele manje sekuseduze nokuqothulwa ngenxa yokudoba izinkalankala, ama-lobster namanye ama-crustaceans abalulekile. Izinhlanzi ezimangazayo zibanjwa ngokwengeziwe emanethini nazo. Yize lokhu kungamangazi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-trawl ejulile lapho kudotshwa ama-lobster.
Abahlali basolwandle abangaphansi bangazibheka kuphela bephephile lapho le ndlela yokudoba ivinjelwe ukuze kulondolozwe amakoloni ama-coral. Futhi ngangifuna ukumnakekela, izilwane ezinjalo ezingavamile emhlabeni kufanele zivikelwe. Inani lezidalwa ezimangalisayo liyalulama kancane kakhulu.
Izibalo sezivele zenziwe, ngokusho okusobala: kuthatha iminyaka emi-4 kuye kwengu-14 ukuphinda kabili inombolo. Ngakho-ke, unezizathu zonke zokubukeka engajabule esithombeni. Kepha uma sikwazi ukumisa ukunyamalala kwenhlanzi eyehlayo, ngemuva kwesikhashana kuzokwazi ukuyifunda kabanzi. Inqubekela phambili ayimi ndawonye.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinhlanzi ziwela emanzini iziphatha ngokungcebeleka, ize ingenzi lutho. Ubhukuda kancane noma ulenga endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside. Imvamisa isebenzisa i-current ukunyakaza. Ngikwazi nokuhlala phansi ngaphandle kokuhamba. Kodwa-ke, umatasa kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Umlomo wakhe uvuleke kakhulu ukulindela inyamazane, ezobhukuda. Futhi kungcono uma ebhukuda angene ngqo emlonyeni wakhe. Lesi isitayela sokuzingela somzingeli wethu we-phlegmatic.
Idla ama-invertebrate amancane, ikakhulukazi ama-molluscs nama-crustaceans. Uwathatha ngobuningi, njenge-phytoplankton. Yize engancela noma yini emngena endleleni yakhe. Ukumcabanga ngesikhathi sokudla, kwanele ukukhumbula "isimangaliso-yudo-fish-whale" esivela enganekwaneni ka-Ershov ethi "Ihhashi Elincane Elinamaqhuqhuva".
Uyakhumbula, wavula imihlathi yakhe, futhi konke okwakusondela kuye kwabhukuda ngaphakathi kwakhe? Lokhu kunjalo ngenhlanzi eyehlayo, konke kuphela okulinganiselwe okuncane, kepha ingqikithi iyafana. Ngokweziphetho zokuqala, kuvela ukuthi le nhlanzi ingumzingeli ovilaphayo kakhulu. Ima endaweni ivule umlomo, futhi isisulu sicishe sidonswe lapho sodwa.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Konke kubonakala ngaphandle izici zamaconsi ezinhlanzi ukuphaphatheka ngaphambi kwenye impahla emangalisayo yezinhlanzi. Ukwethembeka kwabazali noma ukukhathalela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo yikhwalithi yabo eqine kakhulu. Njengoba ibekele amaqanda ngqo ezansi esihlabathini, “iyawafukamela” isikhathi eside njengesikhukhukazi, kuze kube yilapho inzalo isuka kuwo.
Kepha noma ngemuva kwalokho, ukunakekelwa kwamafry kuyaqhubeka. Umzali ubahlanganisa neqembu, njenge "nkulisa", ebahlela endaweni eyimfihlo futhi bahlale begada. Ezinhlanzini zasolwandle olujulile, lokhu ngokuvamile akujwayelekile, bamane bazalise amaqanda, wona uqobo lwawo akhuphukele ebusweni bolwandle bese lapho abambelela eplankton.
Yize izazi zasolwandle zingayazi yona kanye inqubo yokuqomisana nokukhwelana kwalezi zidalwa, kepha sekutholakele ukuthi zingabazali abakhathalelayo kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlanzi eziphansi kolwandle. Ukukhathazeka okunjalo kufakazela nokuthi unamaqanda ambalwa kakhulu. Okwamanje, kucatshangwa ukuthi umjikelezo wokuphila kwale nhlanzi emangalisayo uthatha iminyaka eyi-9 kuya kwengu-14. Impela, uma ingabanjwa ngabantu futhi idliwe yizilwane zasolwandle.
Ukudonswa kwezinhlanzi kuyadliwa noma cha
Abaningi banesithakazelo embuzweni - lahla inhlanzi noma cha? EYurophu uzozwa - cha, kepha eJapan - yebo, kunjalo. Kunemininingwane yokuthi izakhamuzi zamazwe asogwini lwase-Asia zikubheka njengesibiliboco, zilungiselela izitsha ezimbalwa kuwo. Kepha abaseYurophu bayaxwaya ngokungajwayelekile okunje. Ufana kakhulu nobuso bomuntu, futhi udabukile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhekwa njengokungenakudliwa, naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezinto eziwusizo nokunambitheka okuhle. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungakhangi, ibizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi yamazwane. Futhi kusaqondakala kahle. Konke lokhu akudonseli kuye abapheki bendabuko kanye nama-gourmets kuye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akucaci ukuthi amaJapane namaShayina afunde kanjani ukupheka okuthile kuwo, uma ithonsi lezinhlanzi eduze ne-Australia? Futhi ngokuvamile, yini engalungiswa entweni enjalo evulekile? Esikhundleni salokho, ingashayelwa izikhumbuzo ngenxa yokwanda kwayo eminyakeni yamuva.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Ukubukeka okuvelele kwenhlanzi kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwama-parody amaningi, amahlaya kanye nama-meme. Ungabonakala kumahlaya, opopayi, ku-Intanethi. Ubuye futhi "wadlala izinkanyezi" kwamanye amafilimu. Isibonelo, kwi-blockbuster Men in Black 3, inikezwa endaweni yokudlela njengenhlanzi engavunyelwe yangaphandle. Unesikhathi sokusho okuthile lapho kumuntu futhi, yebo, yizwi elidabukisayo. Ubuye wakhanyisa kwesinye seziqephu ze-X-Files.
- I-blob fish ihamba phambili ezikhungweni zokuvota ezenziwa kwi-Intanethi njengesidalwa esimangalisa nesinyanyeka kunazo zonke. Ngendlela, udumo olunjalo lwamzuzisa, lwasebenza ukukhulisa inani lamavoti okulondolozwa kwakhe.
- Ngo-2018, i-meme eyayithandwa kakhulu kwi-Intanethi kwakuyi- "Blohay" shark, kodwa kunesizathu sokucabanga ukuthi ngonyaka olandelayo, u-2020, izinhlanzi zingahamba phambili. Kakade manje usungathola amathoyizi kaningi ngesimo sale nhlanzi edabukisayo, kwethulwa izikhumbuzo eziningi zezinto ezahlukahlukene. I- "Kaplemania" ithola umfutho, ikakhulukazi njengoba abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi mancane kakhulu amathuba okubona le nhlanzi iphila, futhi minyaka yonke iba ncane kakhulu.
- Ngaphandle kokuthi le nhlanzi ayithathwa njengeyodliwayo futhi akuyona into yokudoba, kwi-Intanethi ungathola ukunikezwa kokuthenga ithonsi lezinhlanzi ngentengo yama-ruble ayi-950 ngekhilogremu.
