Isilwane esivela emndenini we-feline esinezinto eziyingozi kumzingeli sasikhethelwa izazi zezilwane njengezilwane ezihlukile. Kuthiwa nge-cheetah ku- "The Lay of Igor's Campaign" - umlando wasemndenini wasendulo. I-Physiology, imikhuba, izimfanelo ezingavamile zesilwane esincelisayo zihlukile. Ijubane leNgulule ukugijima kufika ku-112 km ngehora - kuyisilwane esisheshayo phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo emhlabeni.
Incazelo nezici
Ungahlukanisa izingulule kwezinye izinhlobo zama-fining ngombala oyingqayizivele wesikhumba, umzimba omncane, imisipha ethuthukile, imilenze emide nomsila. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane esidla cishe i-1.5 m, isisindo singama-40-65 kg, ukuphakama kungama-60-100 cm.Ikhanda elincane elinesifinyeto esifushane.
Izindlebe zifushane, zimile, ziyindilinga. Amehlo aphakanyisiwe. Imilenze iqinile, izidladla ezinezinzipho ezihleliwe, ezihlukanisa izingulule kuwo wonke amakati asendle. Izingane kuphela ezifika ezinyangeni ezine ubudala ezikwazi ukuhoxisa izinzipho zazo, bese zilahlekelwa yileli khono.
Ijazi lesilwane lifushane kakhulu, kuphela ingxenye engenhla yentamo ehlotshiswe ngoqweqwe oluncane lwezinwele ezimnyama. Ngamawundlu, umane wesiliva ugijima yonke indlela uye emuva. Umbala woboya u-sandy-yellow; izindawo ezimnyama zihlakazekile esikhunjeni sonke, ngaphandle kwesisu. Ubukhulu nokuma kwama-specks kuyahlukahluka. Isici samaphethelo ngamamaki amnyama e-lacrimal - imivimbo egijima isuka emehlweni iye emlonyeni.
Ungahlukanisa ingulule kusuka kwezinye izingulube ezinamabala ngemivimbo emibili emnyama ebusweni.
Ukuma kwesilo kukhombisa izimpawu zomgijimi. Ngesikhathi sokugijima, umzimba we-aerodynamic we-cheetah usebenza ukuthuthukisa isivinini serekhodi. Umsila omude yi-balancer enhle kakhulu. Amaphaphu esilwane anomthamo omkhulu, okhuthaza ukuphefumula okukhulu ngesikhathi sokugijima ngejubane elikhulu.
Ngoba Ingulule yisilwane esisheshayo, ezinsukwini zakudala izikhulu zasempumalanga zazisebenzisa izilwane ezizingelayo ezizingelayo ukuzingela inyamazane. Amakhosi ama-feudal amakhosi, ama-khans ase-Asia Ephakathi, ama-rajahs amaNdiya nawo agcina amaphakethe aphelele ama-cheetah.
Babeholwa ngemuva kwesisulu ngama-caps phambi kwamehlo abo ukuze bangajahi ukujaha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngesikhathi zizingela, izingulule azange zizame ukubulala lezi zilwane ezazithunjiwe kuze kufike amakhosana. Izinzipho ezicijile zezilwane zigcina isisulu sazo ngemuva kokushaywa okumangazayo ngezidladla zazo.
Njengomvuzo, izilwane zathola ingaphakathi lezidumbu. Ukuzingela ingulule kwakuyisipho esibiza kakhulu. Isilwane asizaleli ekuthunjweni, ngakho-ke abantu abahloniphekile kuphela abakwazi ukubamba, badambisa futhi baqeqeshe umhlaseli.
Ukungajwayelekile kwesilwane sasendle kubonakala ngokuthi kulula ukusithambisa noma sesikhulile, kuzinikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuhle. Bakhombisa ukwethembeka kumnikazi wenja, ukujwayela i-leash nokhololo. Kuma-zoo, bajwayela abasebenzi ngokushesha, kepha bakhombisa ukuqapha okukhulu kubantu abangabazi.
Umlando wezingulule uqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi seqhwa, abasinda ngokuyisimangaliso, kepha bathwala "isiphambano" sokuwohloka kofuzo ekungeneni kwezihlobo ngenkani - ngaphezu kwengxenye yamawundlu, aze afike kuma-70%, afe ngaphambi konyaka. Ukugcina izilwane zithunjiwe kunzima impela.
Zizwela kakhulu kokungakapheli, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukutheleleka ngegciwane - ngokuvamile, azivumelani neze nemvelo entsha. Isidingo semvelo sezilwane silele ezindaweni ezinkulu, okunomsoco othize.
Ingulule ibhekwa njengesilwane esisheshayo emhlabeni.
Ngeshwa, inani lezilwane lihlala lincipha ngenxa yokuncipha kwezindawo zokuhlala, nokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Ingulube ezincelisayo eNcwadini Ebomvu iqokwe njengenhlobo esengozini yokuqothulwa.
Izinhlobo
Emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa adlule, abantu bezilwane ezihlala ezindaweni eziningi bahlala e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwango-2007, abantu abangaphansi kuka-4 500 bahlala e-Afrika, kanti i-Asia incane kakhulu.
Inani lezilwane liyancipha, yize zivikelwe izinsizakalo zokongiwa kwemvelo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanje kufaka phakathi ama-subspecies amahlanu asele we-cheetah, ngaphandle kokubala okumbalwa okuphelile. Esinye sitholakala nase-Asia, izinhlobo ezine ezingaphansi komhlaba zihlala e-Afrika.
Ingulule yase-Asia. Inani le-subspecies lisondela emkhawulweni obucayi, yingakho kunentshisekelo enkulu kulo. Ezindaweni ezinabantu abambalwa e-Iran, azihlali ngaphezu kwezilwane ezingama-60 zezilwane ezingavamile. Bonke abanye abantu bagcinwa ngezinamba ezincane ema-zoo emazweni ahlukene.
Izici ze-subspecies zase-Asia yimilenze ephansi, intamo enamandla, nesikhumba esijiyile. Izindawo ezinkulu zomzingeli wejubane ziya ngokuya zincipha. Umuntu ucindezela isilwane ezindaweni zaso zokuqala - ama-savanna, ama-semi-desert. Inani lama-ungulates asendle akha isisekelo sokudla kwesilwane esinciphile liyancipha.
Ingulule yasebukhosini. Imithende emnyama emhlane yenza kube lula ukukhomba izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-Afrika ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-Rex mutation. Amabala amnyama amakhulu ahlangana ndawonye ezinhlangothini zesilwane, okwenza iphethini ibukeke ngokungavamile.
Umbala ongajwayelekile udale impikiswano phakathi kososayensi ngendawo yengulule yasebukhosini ekuhlukanisweni kwezilwane. Ukuvela kwamawundlu anengubo efanayo kuhlotshaniswa nofuzo olukhulu lwabazali bobabili, okunikeza ukuguquka kombala.
Ingulule e-Afrika etholakala kwezinye izinhlobo zokuguqula ezingathandeki kangako:
- ama-albino amhlophe noma ama-melanists amnyama - umugqa wamabala awubonakali;
- izingulule ezibomvu - amabala ombala obomvu ojulile kusizinda segolide soboya;
- umbala ophuzi okhanyayo onamabala abomvu ngokubomvu.
Imibala ewuthuthu yoboya iyavela, mhlawumbe, phakathi kwabahlali bezindawo eziwugwadule zokufihla - isici sokuzivumelanisa nokuvikelwa elangeni elishisayo sisebenza.
Ingulule yaseYurophu - uhlobo lwesilwane olungasekho. Izinsalela zitholakale kakhulu eFrance. Ukuba khona kwalezi zinhlobo kuqinisekiswa yimidwebo yamatshe etholakala emhumeni weShuve.
Izinhlobo zaseYurophu zazinkulu kakhulu futhi zinamandla kakhulu kunezingulule zesimanje zase-Afrika. Isisindo somzimba esikhulu, izicubu ezithuthukisiwe zivunyelwe ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokugijima esiphakeme kakhulu kunaleso sezingulule ezisasindile kuze kube namuhla.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ngaphambilini, ama-steppes ase-Asia nama-semi-desert ase-Afrika ayehlalwa ngamanani amakhulu izingulule. Izidlanzana zase-Afrika ezisuka eMorocco ziya eCape of Good Hope zazihlala kuleli zwekazi. Ama-subspecies ase-Asia asatshalaliswa eNdiya, Pakistan, Israel, Iran. Ensimini yamaphabhuliki ayengaphansi kweSoviet, i-cheetah nayo yayingeyona isilwane esingandile. Namuhla umhlaseli usengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Ukuqothulwa okukhulu kwaholela ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobo, ikakhulukazi e-Algeria, Zambia, Kenya, Angola, Somalia. E-Asia, kusasele inani elincane kakhulu labantu. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, inani lama-cheetah lehlile lisuka kwabayi-100 laya kwabayizinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Izilwane ezibalekayo zigwema amahlathi, zikhetha izindawo ezivulekile. Ingulule yezilwane akusiyo eyezilwane ezincelisayo ezinobungane, uhola indlela yokuphila yedwa. Ngisho nombhangqwana oshadile wakhelwa isikhathi esifushane, ngemuva kwalokho uyahlukana.
Abesilisa bahlala bodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bahlangana babe uhlobo lobumbano lwabantu abangu-2-3, lapho kwakhiwa khona nobudlelwano. Abesifazane bahlala bodwa, uma bengahlanganyeli ekukhuliseni inzalo. Ama-cheetah awanazo izingxabano zangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwamaqembu.
Abantu abadala babekezelela kalula ukusondela kwamanye ama-cheetah, ngisho ne-purr futhi bakhothe imilomo yomunye nomunye. Mayelana nengulule singasho ukuthi lesi yisilwane esithanda ukuthula phakathi kwezihlobo zaso.
Ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, ingulule izingela kuphela emini, okuchazwa yindlela ekuthola ngayo ukudla. Uyofuna ukudla, uyaphuma ngesikhathi esipholile ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kodwa ngaphambi kokuhwalala. Kubalulekile ukuthi ingulule ibone isisulu sayo, futhi ingazizwa njengezinye izilwane. Ebusuku, umhlaseli akavamile ukuzingela.
Ingulule ngeke ihlale iqamekele amahora amaningi ibheke isisulu. Ngokubona isisulu, isilwane siyasondela ngokushesha. Ukuhamba kwemvelo nokushesha bekuyizilwane isikhathi eside, lapho bekungabaphathi bezindawo ezivulekile.
Indawo yabo yokuhlala ithuthukise izimfanelo ze-sprint. Ijubane eligijimayo, ukweqa okude kwesilo, ikhono lokushintsha umzila wokuhamba ngejubane lombani ukukhohlisa isisulu - baleka ingulule akusizi ngalutho. Angaphumelela, ngoba amandla omzingeli akwanele ukujaha isikhathi eside.
Insimu yabesilisa iyindawo evulekile, ayimaka ngomchamo noma ngendle. Ngenxa yokushoda kozipho, i-cheetah ayifuni uhlaza olungeke lukhuphuke. Isilwane singathola isiphephelo kuphela ngaphansi kwesihlahla esinameva, umqhele omuhle wesihlahla. Ubukhulu besiza sowesilisa buxhomeke enanini lokudla, kanti isakhiwo sowesifazane sincike ebukhoneni benzalo.
Izitha zemvelo zengulule ngamabhubesi, izimpisi, izingwe, ezingagcini ngokuthatha inyamazane yazo, kepha eziphazamisa inzalo yazo. Ingulule abasengozini. Ukulimala okutholwe kuzisulu ezibanjiwe kuvame ukubabhubhisa abazingeli ngokwabo, ngoba angathola kuphela ukudla okunomzimba omuhle kakhulu. Isilo esihlakaniphile.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngokuvamile, izinhlwathi, izinsephe, amadube, izinsephe, izimpala, izimvu ezisezintabeni ziba isisulu somzingeli. Ingulule ayinqabi kusuka kuma-hares, izinyoni. Ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo, inganqoba intshe, inyamazane encane, kanye newundlu lengulube.
Izilwane ezidonsayo zihudulela inyamazane yazo endaweni ecashile ukuze izimbangi ezinamandla ezinjengezimpisi namabhubesi zingasuki. Izilo ezinamandla zinenzuzo enkulu kunengulule ebuthaka ngemuva kokujaha. Ukuze alulame, udinga okungenani isigamu sehora. Ngakho-ke, izilwane ezinkulu nezinobuqili, ngaphandle kokuphikiswa okuphikisayo, zihudula isidlo sasemini samahhala.
Ingulube yeCarrion ayidli neze. Ngemuva kokudla kwabo, uma kungeyona yonke inyama esedliwe, izilwane aziphindanga zabuya, bakhetha ukuzingela okusha. Azenzi izimpahla. Ama-Cheetah amangaza izisulu ngemivimbo enamandla, bese ebaklinya. Njengomthetho, ukujaha kugcina ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-200-300. Uma isisulu sisakwazi ukubaleka, umhlaseli ulahlekelwa yintshisekelo kuso, siyeke ukulandela.
Ingulule i-sprinter yebanga elifushane. Ngaphandle kwamaphaphu amakhulu, imisipha ethuthukile, isilwane sikhathele kakhulu lapho sisebenzisa amandla amakhulu ngesikhathi sokujaha. Akalokothi abandakanyeke empini, ngoba noma yisiphi isilonda ngeke sivumele ukuzingelwa kamuva. Ingxenye kuphela yokuhlaselwa kokuzingela iyaphumelela.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, abesilisa bahlangana ngamaqembu abantu abayi-3-4 ukunqoba izindawo ezintsha nabesifazane. Imvamisa abesilisa abavela emhlanganweni ofanayo kadoti. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuhlala kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-95, ama-kittens angu-2-4 azalwa. Izingane zibonakala zingenakuzisiza ngokuphelele. Amehlo avuleka kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
Uboya bamawundlu bumpunga ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bude. Ukubala amabala kuvela kamuva. Umhlobiso wengane yiminyama emnyama, intshakaza enqeni yomsila. Ngezinyanga ezi-4 lezi zimpawu ziyanyamalala. Lesi yisikhathi esiyingozi empilweni yamazinyane ezinyane, ngoba ziyizisulu ezilula zanoma yisiphi isilwane esidla inyama, ngisho naphakathi kwezinyoni. Ngesikhathi umama engekho, izingane ziziphatha ngokuthula kakhulu, zicasha emgodini.
Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-8, kamuva owesifazane uletha izilwane ezilimele ukuvusa imizwelo yokuzingela. Kuze kube unyaka, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu, amawundlu adinga ukunakekelwa ngabantu abangabondli. Indoda ayibambi iqhaza ekunakekeleni inzalo.
Ngokwemvelo impilo yengulule iyiminyaka eyi-15-25. Kuma-zoo, amapaki kazwelonke - isikhathi sokuphila siyanda, kepha akukho ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezilwane. Ukudla okunomsoco nokunakekelwa ngokwelashwa akwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezilwane.
Kubalulekile ukumodela izici zemvelo, ukubonakaliswa kwesimo esikhethekile kubo engxenyeni yabantu.Ingulule esithombeni - isilwane esihle, kepha kuyathakazelisa ukumbuka hhayi ezithombeni kuphela, kodwa nakwimvelo.
