Amabhungane yi-oda elikhulu kunazo zonke lezinambuzane ngokwezinombolo. Phakathi kwalezi, izinambuzane ezibonakala ziphephile ibhungane lamanzi - engenasihe futhi eyangempela.
Incazelo nezici
Ibhungane lokubhukuda lithole umzimba owehlisiwe ohlangene njengesipho esivela emvelweni, esiwusiza ukuthi uhambe kahle emanzini. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-specimens akhula abe ngu-45-50 mm. Umbala wabantu abaningi uvame ukuba nsundu noma umnyama.
Umzimba webhungane isakhiwo esinqunyiwe sezinto ezintathu: ikhanda, isifuba nesisu. Izingaphambili, ezinamabhangqa amabili, zisiza ibhungane lihlale ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ubamba izitshalo ngezingwegwe, "ezihlonyiswe" ngalemilenze.
Imilenze yangemuva yenzelwe ukubhukuda futhi imbozwe izinwele, futhi ekwakhiweni kwayo kufana nezigwedlo ezincane. Ngisho nesitayela sokubhukuda uqobo sifana nendlela umgwedli wesikebhe ogwedla ngayo, imilenze emibili yangemuva ihamba ngasikhathi sinye.
Lesi sinambuzane sinezimpiko ezakhiwe kahle, esingasisebenzisi kaningi. Ibhungane elintantayo liyandiza kuphela lapho ukudla sekuphelile noma ichibi lakho lamanzi olithandayo liyoma. Amehlo okubhukuda awajwayelekile. Akhiwe yizici eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalolunye, amehlo amancane ajwayelekile.
Lesi sakhiwo samehlo sisiza lesi sinambuzane ukuba sihambe kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi sihlukanise phakathi kwezinto ezimile nezihambayo. Izitho zokubamba ukudla zikhule kahle kakhulu - imihlathi ibukhali futhi inamandla, okwenza sikwazi ukudla isisulu siphila.
Isikhathi esiningi, amabhungane okuntywila achitha ngaphansi kwamanzi, kepha kufanele abhukude aye phezulu ngezikhathi ezithile, ngoba ukuze aphefumule, adinga umoya ohlanzekile. Esiswini sebhungane lokuntywila kunezimbobo zezinhloso ezikhethekile lapho umoya-mpilo ungena khona bese uhamba ngothayela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba.
Ukuze kugcwaliswe izinsiza zomoya-mpilo odingekayo, ibhungane liyabhukuda liye phezulu bese liphusha isisu salo ngaphandle. Inqubo yokwakheka komoya-mpilo kufanele yenziwe okungenani kanye ngemizuzu eyi-15. Amabhungane awasebenzisi umoya kuphela uma ephefumula, isikhwama esikhethekile siyabasiza ukulawula ukwehla nokwenyuka kwabo.
Izinhlobo
Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-600 zamabhungane ahlukahlukene okubhukuda ziyaziwa. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zihlala maphakathi nendawo:
1. Umuntu obhukuda unqamule... Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezidumile, kanye nesifanekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke. Kuhlukaniswa ngokuba khona komngcele onombala we-ocher, ohlobisa wonke umzimba wesinambuzane. Umuntu okhulile ufinyelela ku-30-35 mm. La mabhungane asakazeke emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika, eJapan, eCaucasus naseSakha Republic.
2. Umbhukudi obanzi... Izinhlobo ezinkulu nezinqabile zababhukudi. Abantu abadala bakhula bafike ku-45 mm. Bathanda ukuhlala kumadamu anamanzi ahlanzekile nokuqukethwe umoya-mpilo, yingakho inani labantu lehla. Kubhalwe njengohlu lwezilwane ezisengozini kumaRed Data Books ezifundazweni eziningana.
3. Ukubhukuda noma i-gargle. Itholakala emadanyini anamanzi amile, lapho kunokudla okuningi akuthandayo - onoshobishobi. Usayizi ungaphansi kwebhungane lokuntywila elisemngceleni, omdala ngu-12-16 mm. Ungayihlangana nomaphi lapho kunamanzi amile khona, kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane nonozinti, ezibamba futhi zishwabadele ngejubane elingavamile.
Lapho ibhungane lisesimweni esisongela ukuphila, likhipha uketshezi olunobuthi olunobuthi olumboza umzimba walo. Lolu ketshezi olunuka kabi luyabethusa abangahle babe izitha zabo, bese belahlekelwa yintshisekelo ngalo. Amabhungane ajwayelekile eRussia, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwekazi lase-Afrika, eziqhingini zoLwandle lwaseJapan nasemazweni aseMpumalanga Asia.
4. Ukutshuza emanzini... La mabhungane acwebe kahle ngosayizi, akhula afike ku-0.5 cm, futhi lobu ubude bawo obukhulu. Phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwesinambuzane, ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:
- ukuntywila kuyisicaba - umuntu oqinile futhi ondlekile, embozwe izinwele ezinde neziminyene. Izinhlangothi nengaphambili langemuva kunendawo engalingani, enobudlabha;
- ukudilika kwexhaphozi - kungaphansi ngosayizi ngisho nokutshuza okuyisicaba. Usayizi omkhulu ufinyelela ku-3.5 mm. Kunganqunywa ukutholakala kwamabala abomvu ngokubomvu asendaweni yamehlo. Ngaphandle kwaleli gama, umuntu onjalo angatholakala emachibini asehlathini nasemifuleni egeleza kancane. Ihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu kusuka e-Atlantic Ocean kuya eSakhalin.
5. Umnenke wechibi... Kuhlala amachibi asendle, anezitshalo. Umbala ungumbala onsundu ongcolile, amaphiko ambozwe ngephethini ngendlela yamanothi ahambayo.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Emvelweni, kuyaqabukela kunezidalwa eziphilayo ezikwazi ukundiza zihlale ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Impilo yebhungane lokuntywila ibhungane kuphela ezindaweni lapho kunamanzi ahlanzekile futhi akukho mandla aqinile. La mabhungane aqinisekisa ngokuphelele amagama awo ngendlela yawo yokuphila. Isikhathi esingu-90% sesilwane esidla amanzi singaphansi kwamanzi, silandelela inyamazane noma ukuphumula. Ukuphumula kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokugcwaliswa kabusha komoya-mpilo.
Uyabona ukuthi ibhungane lilele kanjani ebusweni phezulu nesisu salo, ngakho-ke, ligcwalisa izitho ngomoya ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhashana bese ubuyela ekuzingeleni.
Ibhungane lamanzi ibhungane lamanzi ubhukuda kahle, futhi awuvami ukumbona kunoma yiliphi ichibi. Amathanga asogwini lwamachibi amahlathi namachibi amancane emadlelweni agcwele izikhukhula ngokuvamile aqoqa inani elikhulu lezinambuzane. Isikhathi esisheshayo ngokusobala sakha izithiyo ezibonakalayo lapho kuzingelwa izidalwa ezincane, futhi futhi zinezinkinga lapho kudingeka ukudonsa umoya, yingakho indawo yokuhlala ingamanzi amile.
Yize izimpiko zesinambuzane zenzelwe ukundiza, ukuze zisuke, zidinga ukuphuma ziye ezweni. Emhlabathini ibhungane lihamba kancane ngokungahambi kahle, liya kokuzamazelayo, lizulazule kusuka onyaweni kuye onyaweni. Ababhukudi bashiya ichibi abalithandayo kuphela uma kwenzeka kuba nesomiso nezinye izizathu zemvelo zokujula kwesikhala samanzi.
Isici esithandekayo: ababhukudi bayasebenza nasebusuku. Baqhubeka nokuzingela noma kumnyama, ngalesi sikhathi sosuku kunezindiza ezisuka echibini elilodwa ziye kwelinye. Amabhungane awaboni kahle ebusuku, yingakho ajwayele ukubambeka, enze amaphutha anezinto ezikhanyayo ebusweni bamanzi. Ukuntywila ezintweni ezimanzi nezicwebezelayo, amabhungane okuntywila avamise ukuphuka.
Ubukhulu obuncane nokubukeka okugqamile kufanele ngabe kwenza ibhungane lokuntywila laba isisulu esingabiza ezinye izilwane, kepha linesikhali sokuzivikela ku-arsenal yalo. Lapho kuvela ingozi, izindlala zebhungane zikhipha uketshezi olumhlophe olunamafu olunephunga elinyanyekayo elinukayo nokunambitheka okunephunga okungajabulisi. Lokhu kusabisa izidlakela ezinkulu futhi kuyisiqinisekiso sokuphepha.
Ubudlelwano phakathi komphakathi buyinkimbinkimbi, uma kungenabo ubudlova. Lapho abantu ababili behlangana, balwela indawo, balume futhi bashaye oyedwa. Ababhukudi babhekana namakhaza asebusika emigodini ethokomele, abazifanela nendlela yeqhwa. Balala ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ibhungane lokuntywila esithombeni kubukeka njengesinambuzane esingenabungozi. Kepha lokhu kukude kakhulu neqiniso, ngoba lesi sinambuzane siyisidlakudla esidlayo. Usongo olukhulu kubo bonke abahlali echibini alikho ngisho nomuntu omdala, kodwa Isibungu sebhungane... Lesi ngesinye sezinhlobo ezinonya kakhulu zezidalwa ezihlala echibini.
Imihlathi emikhulu emise okonwabu ayisetshenziswa abasha ukuhlafuna inyamazane, kepha ngosizo lwabo isibungu sibamba indebe yaso njengemikhaza. Ngazo kufika into enobuthi kakhulu evela emphinjeni wesilwane esidlayo, ebangela ukukhubazeka esilwaneni.
Ingxenye elandelayo yalolu ketshezi, ekhishwa emqaleni, ibola izicubu zesisulu ziye esimweni esifana nejeli, bese isibungu siqala ukumunca le nto. Unesifiso esingenakulinganiswa futhi aqhubeke nokuzingela lapho nje edla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukudla kwesibungu kuphela okuhambayo; isibungu asihlaseli izinto ezihleliwe.
Amabhungane avuthiwe nawo awasuthi njengezibungu zawo. Izinhlanzi ezincane, onoshobishobi, gazinga nezinye izinambuzane akulona uhlu oluphelele lwe- okudliwa ibhungane... Ibhungane elilambile lingahlela ukuhlaselwa kwamaxoxo nenhlanzi, ubukhulu bayo obucishe bube ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Yiqiniso, ibhungane lilodwa alikwazi ukubhekana nalo.
Kodwa inhlanzi elimele iheha abanye ababhukudi ngephunga legazi layo, bese kuthi ukuhlasela kwenzeke njengeqembu. Amabhungane awazibulali izindebe zawo, kodwa zama ukuwudla uphila, udla izicucu ngcezu.
Inani elikhulu lamabhungane lingadala umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bezinhlanzi emizimbeni yamanzi. Phila amabhungane okuntywila kanye gazinga endaweni eyodwa yasemanzini, kwesinye isikhathi eholela ekunyamalaleni ngokuphelele kwezinhlanzi, njengoba gazinga lidliwa yizilwane ezingasuthiseki.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-diving beetle - isinambuzane oviparous, njengama-coleoptera amaningi. Ngezinsuku zokuqala ezifudumele, lapho amanzi asezinqolobaneni efudumala, amabhungane ashiya indawo ebusika aqale ukufuna izidumbu zamanzi lapho kungahlangana khona. Njengoba yonke inqubo yenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi, imvamisa iphela kabuhlungu kowesifazane.
Njengoba ikhethe insikazi efanelekayo, iduna lihlala emuva, lizilungise endaweni eshelelayo. Izinkomishi ezimbili zokudonsa ezisemilenzeni yangaphambili ziyamsiza kulokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi isebenzisa yonke inqubo yokukhwelana ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi umlingani wayo, ongaphezulu, uyakwazi ukuphefumula. Iphuzu lesisu eliphume ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi liyamsiza kulokhu.
Ukumelana okwandulele ukuwela kanye nenqubo uqobo kuyaqhubeka isikhathi eside kunalesi sinambuzane esijwayele ukukwenza ngaphandle kokuphefumula. Ngalesi sizathu, kuvela izimo lapho umlingani kungenzeka angabi nomoya owanele, futhi uzofa. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu uma insikazi kufanele ikhwisane nabesilisa abaningana ngokulandelana.
Uma inqubo idlule ngaphandle kokudlulela okungathandeki, owesifazane unamathela ku-clutch ezihlokweni zezitshalo, azishaye ngalokhu nge-ovipositor, bese enye ibeka amaqanda lapho. I-clutch eyodwa enjalo ingafaka amaqanda afinyelela kwikhulu, ubukhulu bawo obufinyelela ku-5 mm. Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhungane lamanzi - inqubo ayishebi. Izibungu zizovela kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-5, kuya ngezimo zezulu nokushisa kwamanzi.
Ibhungane lokuntywila lingaba sesigabeni sebungu kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili, bese liphuma emanzini bese liqala ukudabula izwe lizimbe umgodi wokufundela. Ibhungane elidala lizoqhamuka ku-pupa ezinsukwini ezingama-20-35. Uzohlala isikhathi esingangesonto emgodini wakhe, elinde kuze kube lukhuni izembozo zakhe, bese eyofuna amanzi.
Izinambuzane zihlala ngokwesilinganiso unyaka owodwa endle. Labo abathanda ukubeka ibhungane e-aquarium yasekhaya bangathembela kuyo ukuthi bazohlala kuyo iminyaka engu-2-3.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Kukholakala ukuthi umbhukudi ukhetha izakhamizi ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo echibini njengesisulu sokuhlaselwa, okungukuthi, empeleni, kuhlelekile. Ibhungane imvamisa alibonisi ubutha kumuntu ozithola esechibini elifanayo lamanzi. Kodwa ukuluma kubuhlungu kakhulu ngisho nasemuntwini.
Ubuhlungu obukhali obuhambisana nokulunywa bungadlula ngemuva kwesikhashana, kepha ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kusayithi elilunyiwe, elinyamalala ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14-20. Indawo elimele kumele igezwe, ilashwe ngama-disinfectants, ibhandishwe futhi yenze icompress ebandayo.
Imvamisa, amabhungane anolaka kulabo abazama ukuwabamba nokuwathatha. Ekhaya, ochwepheshe abatusi ukuthi kugcinwe ibhungane lokubhukuda nezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa e-aquarium efanayo, ngoba umhlaseli uzobahlasela futhi angabalimaza kakhulu.
