I-AxolotlIs amphibian entekenteke ehlala emifuleni yaseMexico. Uvukile ebusuku, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele iba yi-ambistoma, ezingela emahlathini aminyene.I-Axolotl esithombeni kubukeka kumangalisa. Isilwane siheha iso ngokumamatheka okungaqondakali.
Incazelo ye-axolotl nezici zayo
Ubukhulu obukhulu bomzimba womuntu ovuthiwe ngu-45 cm, kepha iningi lalezi zidalwa zinosayizi ka-32 cm.I-amphibian axolotl ayinesisindo esingeqile ku-285 g. Umhlali wamanzi ahlanzekile we-axolotl ubizwa ngokuthi udrako wasolwandle, unemilenze emincane emi-4, umsila ovulekile ongahambisani ncamashi.
Ngenxa yakhe, umhlali wamanzi ahlanzekile uhamba kahle emanzini. Ikhanda lalesi sidalwa libanzi, amehlo anombala onsundu noma obomvu, umlomo mkhulu. Okugqamile kudrako wamanzi ukumamatheka kwakhe ebusweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlobo ezimnyama zama-axolotls zivamile. Futhi izakhamuzi zamachibi amancane okufakelwa ikakhulukazi anombala wegolide, wepentshisi-obomvana noma okhanyayo.
Ama-axolotl ama-Albino anamehlo abomvu. Akunandaba zinhlobo, udrako wasemanzini uhluke kakhulu kwezinye izidalwa zamanzi angenasawoti. Akakwazi ukuhlala emanzini kuphela, kodwa nasemhlabeni. I-Axolotl incamela ukudla:
- izinambuzane;
- gazinga;
- amaqanda.
Namuhla udrako wasemanzini uthandwa kakhulu ngama-aquarists. Uyathandwa ngokubukeka kwakhe okuhle, okuthakazelisayo nokujabula. Izazi zebhayoloji zithi i-axolotl inamakhono amangalisayo wokuzivuselela.
Uma i-amphibian ishiywe ngaphandle kwezidladla, ngemuva kwesikhashana ikhula entsha. Izitho zangaphakathi ze-axolotl nazo zingazivuselela zodwa. Ososayensi basacwaninga ngezici zebhayoloji yasemanzini. I-Axolotl, esele ebusheni, iyakwazi ukudala gazinga.
Okunye ukugqama kwe-amphibian yi-neoteny. Udrako wamanzi uthola ikhono lokuzala inzalo, esele isibungu. Angaba yi-grub ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kepha uma umuntu ohlala emanzini angenasawoti ezithola esesimweni esingesihle kuye, uqala ukukhula kahle.
Lapho ugcina i-axolotl ekhaya, idamu elincane akufanele livunyelwe ukuba lome. Ezimweni ezibucayi, udrako wamanzi uba yi-ambistoma. Ukuphindukuzalwa kuthatha amasonto ama-3 - 4. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibungu silahlekelwa yizifo ezisengxenyeni engaphandle yomzimba, sishintsha umbala nokuma.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, ososayensi baseFrance bathola ukuthi i-axolotl ingakhula. Bese kuthi ezinye izibungu zigcinwe ezingadini ezikhethekile. Ukuguqula udrako wamanzi ube yinkungu, izinga lamanzi echibini elincane lokufakelwa lehliswa futhi inhlabathi encane iyangezwa.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, i-axolotl iyaphuma, ivumelane kancane kancane nezimo zokuphila ezenziwe. Abanye abasemanzini bondla isidalwa sasemanzini ngokudla okuqukethe izithasiselo zehomoni. Uma ungenawo amakhono afanele, kungcono ukuthi ungenzi izivivinyo zokuphindukuzalwa, isibungu singafa!
I-Ambistoma ivame ukuqhathaniswa nentulo. Umzimba wesirhubuluzi sikhulu, kunalokho mkhulu. Umsila unosayizi ophakathi nendawo, isikhumba sibushelelezi ikakhulukazi, imilenze mincane. Ikhanda lesilwane alilincane.
Ngokwemvelo kukhona ama-ambistomas anezindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemivimbo emikhulu ebanzi. Lezi zilwane zinama-vertebrae aphindwe kabili, amazinyo ahlelwe ngokulandelana. Endle, i-ambistoma iphila iminyaka eyi-8 - 10.
Izinhlobo
Ngokwemvelo, kukhona uhlobo olulodwa lwe-axolotl - iMexico. Isibungu esihle ngokungajwayelekile, esijwayele izimo ezahlukahlukene isibungu sinika inzalo, isencane kakhulu. Udrako wamanzi waseMexico uyashesha, unobuqili, uyadlala. Yisibungu se-Ambystoma mexicanum, esitholakala eMexico.
I-axolotl emnyama iyi-subspecies. Njengomzala wayo, izala njengesibungu. I-Axolotl yale subspecies igcinwa emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa. Ohlala emanzini angenasawoti akasebenzi kangako, uzolile ngokwengeziwe.
Udrako wamanzi omnyama unokuthula, kepha ungaluma umuntu emalungeni, ngakho-ke umfuyi kufanele aqaphele ngokweqile! Uma kungekho ukungcola okungenile enxebeni, ukuvuselelwa kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha. Umbala womzimba uncike ezicini zofuzo zesibungu. Lapho izakhi zofuzo zishintsha, i-axolotl iguqulwa ibe umbala wombala wayo womzimba.
Izinhlobo zasendle zale amphibiya ziluhlaza okomnyama, zinamachashazi egolide noma amnyama ebusweni bomzimba. Izibungu ezinemibala ekhanyayo azivamile. Ama-axolotl anjalo athuthukise kakhulu imisebenzi yokuvikela. Abantu abanemibala ekhanyayo yibona abasengozini enkulu.
Ekhaya, zivame ukuqukethe ama-amphibian akhanyayo apinki, anamehlo amnyama. Ama-axolotl ama-Albino abomvana futhi anamehlo abomvu. Amadragoni asemanzini anombala ofanayo nowemizimba yawo. Ama-axolotl amnyama nawo athandwa kakhulu. Abantu abanemibala ekhanyayo bavame ukubonwa.
I-tiger ambistoma yisilwane esivele ngenxa yoshintsho. Ubukhulu bomzimba wayo bufinyelela ku-27 cm (kufaka phakathi umsila). I-tiger ambistoma inomzimba womnqumo onamabala noma imivimbo ephawulekayo.
Lesi silwane sikhetha ukuhlala siphapheme ebusuku. Emini iyacasha, kusihlwa iqala ukuzingela ama-mollusk. Ama-ambistomas ama-tiger ama-Albino atholakala ngendlela engeyona eyemvelo. Imifantu yezilwane ezinjalo ibomvu tebhu.
Imabulai-ambistoma axolotl- indalo eyingqayizivele ngempela. Umzimba wayo omnyama umbozwe imivimbo efana nemabula. Lolu hlobo lwe-ambistoma lincane kakhulu, usayizi wesilinganiso womuntu ungama-11 cm kuphela.
Isilwane sihola indlela yokuphila engayodwa, sicasha emahlathini amakhulu futhi aqinile, kaningi sihlala emigodini. I-ambistoma yemabula iyathanda ukuzitika ngezikelemu, iminenke, ama-centipedes.
I-ambistoma axolotoma axolotl ihlukaniswa ngamabala aphuzi akhanyayo ebusweni bomzimba. Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zalesi silwane azinazo izindawo ezivelele. Isilwane sithanda ukucasha emigodini, kepha kaningi sikhasa siphume lapho lina.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ngokwemvelo, i-axolotl itholakala emifuleni yaseMexico. Ihlala futhi eLake Xochimilco. Amachibi okuhlala kuwo udrako wamanzi anyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Axolotl igxila emachibini nasemifuleni yenkambo ephakathi.
Izwakala kamnandi emanzini ngamazinga okushisa asuka ku- + 14 kuye ku- + 19 degrees Celsius. Kepha uma yehlela ku- + 7 degrees isikhashana, i-axolotl iyasinda. Isibungu asihlukaniswa nomsebenzi owandisiwe, sihlala ezansi echibini bese silinda inyamazane esizobhukuda ngayo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Uma i-axolotl ingudrako futhi iziphatha ngokuzimisela, ebusuku kuphela. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isibungu sidla izinambuzane futhi sithose. Umlomo obanzi usiza ukubamba ngokushesha nokugwinya inyamazane. Lapho izibungu zizingela, zilawula ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ama-Axolotls agwinya inyamazane yawo ephelele. Badla izibungu futhi bathosa kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili. Uma kungekho nhlobo ukudla, i-axolotl izokuzila izinsuku eziyi-15. Abanye abantu bondla abafo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isibungu, esinezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, sivuthwe ngokocansi. Ubude bomzimba wayo abweqi kumasentimitha angama-25. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sikadrako wamanzi siqala ngoMashi noma ngoSepthemba. Ukuze isibungu sikhiqize kahle, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kufanele libe phakathi kwama-degree angama-20.
Indoda eyodwa, njengomthetho, ivundisa abesifazane aba-3 - 4. Ngemuva kwalokho, abesifazane bazalela amaqanda afana nefry. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-8 zifinyelela usayizi ka-1.5 cm.Izibungu ezinenyanga eyodwa ubudala zikhula ngo-8 cm.I-Axolotl, enezinyanga eziyi-10 ubudala, ithola izici zocansi. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesifazane.
I-Axolotl gazinga ineziphethu ezincane kakhulu. Izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-8 emva kokuzalwa, amawundlu akhula ngemilenze ngemuva, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, kuphume lawo angaphambili. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, gazinga kufanele londliwe kahle, kepha ukudla okuningi kakhulu akufanele kunikezwe, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphazamiseka komzimba kungaphazamiseka. Okokuqala, kungcono ukuwondla ngama-ciliates, bese ufaka kancane kancane ama-cyclops ekudleni (okokuqala, amawundlu adla amancane, bese eshintshela kokukhulu).
Ngemuva kwesikhashana kuzokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezikelemu zegazi. Izibungu ezincane kufanele zondliwe ngendlela efanayo nabantu abadala. Amafry, asezimeni ezintsha zawo, alahlekelwa yizifo kanye namafolda. Uma i-axolotl iphenduka i-ambisto, ijwayele ukuncibilika. Isilwane sishintsha umbala, i-crest etholakala ngemuva iyaba yindilinga.
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikholelwa ukuthi umbala wefry awuxhomekile kuzakhi zofuzo kuphela, kodwa nasezingeni lokukhanya. Udrako wamanzi, ogcinwa ngaphansi kokukhanya okubomvu, uba mnyama. Emanzini emvelo ama-axolotls bukhoma kuze kube yiminyaka engu-19 ubudala!
Intengo
Intengo ye-Axolotl kuya ngeminyaka futhi kuyahluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-300 kuye kwayi-1200. Ungathenga umhlali wamanzi ahlanzekile esitolo sezilwane noma ku-inthanethi.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Ama-Axolotls eza eYurophu ngekhulu le-19 futhi selokhu aziwa kakhulu. Kuze kube namuhla, ama-aquarists avela emazweni ahlukahlukene azalela lezi zilwane ezinhle ekhaya. Ukuze i-axolotl ikwazi ukugxila echibini lokufakelwa, udinga ukwazi izici zokuqukethwe.
Kungcono ukugcina izibungu zihlukile komunye nomunye, ngoba kwezinye izimo zidla izikhuthazi. Amanye ama-aquarists abeka ama-amphibian echibini elifanayo. Kulokhu, abantu kufanele balingane ngosayizi, futhi kufanele banikezwe nendawo yomuntu siqu.
Umuntu omdala oyedwa udinga amalitha amanzi angama-50. Ngokuqondene nokujula kwe-aquarium, akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-20. Ezimweni zasekhaya nezemvelo, izibungu zihlala ezansi. Akuvunyelwe ukugcina i-axolotl ngezinhlanzi zasemanzini, amaxoxo, ama-slugs.
Izinhlanzi ezifuywayo, uma uthi nhlá, ziyazola, kepha zingaklwebha imithambo ethambile yodrako wasemanzini. Uma izinhlanzi zincane kakhulu, izibungu ze-axolotl zimane zizidle ebusuku. I-Axolotl izwa kamnandi emanzini, okushisa kwayo kungeqi kuma-20 degrees Celsius.
Izinhlanzi zidinga amanzi okushisa okuhlukile. Iminenke nayo ingazama ukuluma lesi sibungu. Amaxoxo angatheleleka kumhlali wase-aquarium ngezifo eziyingozi.Okuqukethwe kwe-Axolotlkudinga ukunakekelwa!
Kwenza izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu hhayi kuphela ekushiseni, kepha nakwikhwalithi yamanzi. Uma umaki ukhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-23 degrees, umhlali we-aquarium ubhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Ezinye izibungu ziyagula zife. I-axolotl kufanele igcinwe emanzini ahlanzekile ngaphandle kwe-chlorine. Izinga le-pH kufanele libe ngaphakathi kwamayunithi ayi-7.5.
Umaikhaya le-axolotlUzohlala emanzini angcolile, impilo yakhe izohlupheka kakhulu. Ukuze isibungu sibe nokuzivikela okuqinile, kubalulekile ukusigcina emanzini ahlanzekile kuphela. Kunconywa kakhulu ukufaka isihlungi.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwanda kokushisa kwamanzi kunomthelela omubi emisebenzini yokuphefumula ye-axolotl. Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukugcwalisa amanzi nge-oxygen, ngoba lokhu kungcono ukusebenzisa i-compressor. Kanye ngesonto, kufanele ushintshe ingxenye yesithathu yamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela udale izimo ezithandeka kakhulu zasemanzini.
Lapho kuzaliswa ama-dragons asemanzini e-aquarium, ama-nuances kufanele anakwe. Izibungu zingagwinya izinto ezincane, kufaka phakathi amatshe amancane, izinhlamvu ezinkulu zesihlabathi nezinhlayiya zamatshe. Ukuze ubanikeze i-microclimate enhle, kungcono ukwengeza amatshe ayindilinga ku-aquarium. Ama-Axolotls avame ukucasha kubanikazi bawo.
Ukuze umhlali we-aquarium angadinwa, kufanele umakhele umbhede (ngaphakathi kwesitsha). Isibungu asinamehlo abukhali kakhulu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ungangezela izitshalo ze-aquarium. Udrako wamanzi udinga uhlaza. Kunconywa ukubeka i-cladophore e-aquarium, isitshalo sizohlanza amanzi, sithuthukise ukwakheka kwaso.
Ama-aquarists ama-Novice anentshisekelo yalokho ongondla ngakho udrako wasemanzini. I-Axolotl iyisilwane esikhohlakele, kepha awukwazi ukusinqoba ngokweqile. Uma kune-metabolism esheshayo noma ngesikhathi sokudla i-axolotl ingakudli konke ukudla, amanzi kufanele aguqulwe kanye ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Kunconywa ngokuqinile ukondla izingane njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Kufanele banikezwe ukudla okusezingeni eliphakeme kwamaprotheni. Amaprotheni ngendlela yamaphilisi afanele izinhlanzi ezidlayo afanelekile. Ama-Axolotls athanda ukuzitika ngama-cod noma ama-fillets e-hake. Ungabanika izikelemu, izikelemu zegazi, izimbaza. Ukwehlukana kokudla kukadrako wasemanzini, udinga ukumnika izinhlanzi zasemanzini, ngokwesibonelo, ama-guppies noma ama-neon.
Akuvunyelwe ukondla inyama yezibungu, lo mkhiqizo uqukethe izinto okunzima kakhulu ukugaya. Uma izinga lokushisa emthonjeni wokufakelwa likhuphuka lihle, ama-axolotls azala ngokwawo.
Kulokhu, kungcono ukunciphisa amahora emini futhi wandise izinga lokushisa lomoya ngama-degree amaningi. E-aquarium, owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ku-algae. Kulokhu, kufanele futhi udale okuhle kakhuluimibandela ye-axolotl.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20, uchanyusela inzalo. Kungcono ukuyihambisa e-aquarium ehlukile bese uyondla ngokudla okuhlanziwe kwenhlanzi. Umbuso wezinga lokushisa akumele wephulwe, ngaphandle kwalokho gazinga lizoqala ukulimaza. Uma wondla ngokungafanele umhlali wamanzi ahlanzekile, uyagula:
- ukuvimbela kwamathumbu;
- izifo zezicubu ze-cartilage;
- i-anorexia;
- ezinye izifo ezisongela impilo.
Ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu kuvela lapho i-axolotl igwinya izinhlamvu zesihlabathi noma amatshe. Umphumela ukuyeka ukudla okunomsoco, ukunciphisa isisindo ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udinga ukukhombisa udrako wamanzi kudokotela wezilwane. Udokotela uzokuhlola futhi mhlawumbe a-oda ukuhlinzwa. I-cartilage pathologies yenzeka ngenxa yokuthi i-axolotl ayinayo i-calcium, uvithamini D.
Isilwane siba buthakathaka, singasebenzi, kwezinye izimo umzimba waso uyavuvuka. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kuphela uchwepheshe onolwazi. I-anorexia ye-axalotl yisifo esenzeka ngenxa yezinqubo ezithathelwanayo. Isizathu kungaba ubukhona bezinambuzane emzimbeni. Kwezinye izimo, i-anorexia ihlotshaniswa nokudla okuyisidina. I-axolotl iyenqaba ukudla, umzimba wayo awuncishani, kodwa iyavuvuka. Ukwelapha isilwane, udinga ukusondla ngesikhuphasha seqanda esichotshoziwe noma impova kuma-granules.
Ama-Ascites ngesinye isifo esiyingozi se-axolotl. Ikhula lapho ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism kuphazamiseka. Isizathu se-pathology imvamisa amabhaktheriya angene emzimbeni ngamanzi asezingeni eliphansi. Izimpawu ze-anorexia zibandakanya ukuqunjelwa, ukungathandi ukudla, ukukhathala, ukunganaki.
Umaudrako we-axolotl utheleleka ngezifo ezithathelwanayo, kubalulekile ukukuhlukanisa nezihlobo zakhe. Ukwelapha lesi sifo, udokotela ubeka ama-antibiotic, isisu. Kunoma ikuphi, awukwazi ukuzibandakanya ekwelashweni okuzimele kwesibungu, lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi!
Ama-Axolotls angabahlali bamanzi ahlanzekile amangalisayo. Babuthakathaka, bathokozile, abadingi ukunakekelwa ikakhulukazi. Uma uphethe udrako wamanzi ezandleni zakho, qaphela njengoba untekenteke futhi untekenteke kakhulu.
Izicubu zenqwaba yabantu abahlala emanzini angenasawoti azinkulu, azweli, ukunyakaza okukodwa okungahambi kahle kungakulimaza.Isilwane se-Axolotl onamahloni. Angayiluma kancane inkosi yakhe uma eyiphatha ezandleni zakhe.
