Incazelo nezici
Umndeni wama-Weevils (lat. Curculionifae) uhlukaniswa ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zawo, ungowe-oda leColeoptera noma iBhungane. ERussia, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5 000 zama-weevils, amancane ngosayizi. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlobo eziningi, imidondoshiya yangempela itholakala kufinyelela kumasentimitha ama-5-6. Umbuso wezinambuzane awupheli, izinhlobo ezintsha zichazwa minyaka yonke.
Ngisho nomuntu okude kakhulu ne-entomology ujwayelene ne-weevil. Imvamisa emapaki nasezivandeni ungabona imbungulu enhle eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enesisu esiphuzi nesiqu esigobile njengendlovu.
Kubukeka kungakholeki ukuthi lesi yisihlobo esiseduze sezinambuzane ezinobungozi ezisincisha isivuno sama-strawberry nama-apula, konakalisa inqwaba yokusanhlamvu, futhi sichitha izakhiwo zamapulangwe. Futhi isilwane esiluhlaza uqobo, yize sinamandla amakhulu, ngeke sidlule kulinywa ngamasiko. Ibhungane le-Weevil esithombeni.
Ama-Weevils ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ahluke kakhulu ngokubukeka. Umumo womzimba unganwebeka, ubhebhe, umise okwedayimane, ngesimo senkabazwe. Umbala wekhava le-chitinous uvela kumathoni akhanyayo kuya ensundu nokumnyama, imvamisa enamabala.
Isici esihlukile sebhungane ukuba khona kwesihlokwana sekhanda esivelele, ngenxa yokuthi izigaxa zathola igama lazo. I-rostrum kwezinye izinhlobo incane, kanti kwezinye idlula ubukhulu bomzimba amahlandla amaningi.
Ukudla komuntu omdala kanye nesibungu sakhe imvamisa kuyizicubu zangaphakathi zezitshalo. Ama-dicotyledon aqhakaza izimbali angukudla okuthandwa kakhulu ama-weevils. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda izinkuni, amagxolo, ulwelwe, i-fungus mycelium. Isigaba sesibungu sivame ukwenziwa emhlabathini futhi sidliwe ohlelweni lwempande, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zikhula ezingxenyeni zezitshalo ezingaphezulu komhlaba.
Izinhlobo
Umndeni wama-weevils uhlukile ngokubukeka futhi unokuhluka okuphezulu kokuthandwayo kokunambitheka. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-weevils kubantu yilezo ezihlasela izitshalo ezilinyiwe noma izinhlobo zemithi eziyigugu.
Izinambuzane zezihlahla zezithelo namatshe ezithelo:
- Ibhungane le-apula liqhakaza umzimba omnyama, imilenze ilula, izibungu zithelele amaqabunga, kanti abantu abadala bahlala ezithelweni, bedla uginindela lwabo.
- I-Bukarka - usayizi we-2-3 mm, ompunga-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinambuzane zibhubhisa amaqabunga nezimbali.
- Ihansi lendlovu lingubhungane ongu-0.5 cm ngosayizi, ikhava enamachashazi abomvu klebhu, iyacwebezela. Izinambuzane ezindala zidla izimbali, zibekela amaqanda kuma-ovari amancane.
Izinambuzane zesihlahla:
- I-point resin ingadala ukufa kwesihlahla sonke. Insikazi ibambelela ekujuleni kwegxolo, izibungu ezibhola zivuleka kuze kube sekufundeni.
- Indlovu yephayini -inkathazo ye-weevil amahlathi e-coniferous. Isinambuzane sinobukhulu obungu-1-1.2 cm, nsundu namabala amancane aphuzi. Iziphungumangathi zihlala ngaphansi kwamagxolo, kanti abantu abadala badla amagxolo amahlumela amancane, kubangele ukufa kokukhula kukaphayini omncane.
- Isithelo esinamantongomane siyimbangela yamantongomane angenalutho futhi anembungu.
I-green weevil iyinambuzane eyi-12 mm ngosayizi, inekhava elibushelelezi kusuka kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuye komthunzi onsundu. Isisu sivame ukuba lula. Amahlamvu ama-Nibbles, ama-buds, amaqabunga ezithelo, amajikijolo nezinye izitshalo. Izibungu zidla ezingxenyeni ezincane zohlelo lwempande.
Isisele sesibaya yisinambuzane esinezinhlamvu zombala onsundu, cishe ngobukhulu obungu-3 cm. Kanye nokusanhlamvu, sisabalala emhlabeni wonke. Abesifazane badla igobolondo lezinhlamvu, babeke iqanda bese belimboza ngendle. Kungadala ukonakala kwenqwaba yamabele.
I-Beet weevil - inesembozo se-scaly chitinous, esinemivimbo empunga. Itshala izithombo ezisencane zikashukela sebhitrudi, izibungu ezisemhlabathini ziququda impande, zonakalise isivuno sezimpande. I-Strawberry weevil, inkathazo yama-strawberry nama-raspberries, idla efihlekile ukubeka amaqanda.
Isakhiwo
Hhayi ngokwemigomo yemvelo kuphela, kepha ngisho nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, wonke ama-weevils ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ahlukene. Izinwele ezinde - zivele ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi zithuthuke kakhulu. Zine-rostrum ende, evame ukugoba iye phansi; izibungu zihlala ngaphakathi kwezicubu zezitshalo noma ngaphandle.
I-short-probed, i-primitive, i-rostrum engaphansi kokuphindwe kabili ububanzi bayo. Izibungu zivame ukuhlala emhlabathini. Abanye, isakhiwo weevil ihluke kakhulu kwezinye i-coleoptera. I-Rostrum, i-pronotum, i-elytra, amaphiko, isisu, nezimbili ezintathu zemilenze.
Inhloko yebhungane imvamisa iba nesimo esiyindilinga esiyindilinga, iphenduke ithubhu, ekugcineni kwayo kuvuleke umlomo onamagunya amancane anamazinyo; Izindlebe ezi-11-12 zama-labial zitholakala lapho. Ngezansi kwebunzi elihlanganayo kukhona amehlo amancane ahlanganisiwe atholakala emaphethelweni ekhanda.
Umzimba webhungane umbozwe ngesembozo esiqinile se-chitinous, esibushelelezi, esine-villi noma isikali. Isisu sinezinhlanga ezinhlanu ezibonakalayo ngokusobala. Izimpiko zangemuva zifihlwe ngaphansi kwe-elytra eqinile. Ezinhlotsheni ezingenamaphiko, i-elytra isikiwe.
Izidladla zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinde noma zifushane. Amathanga ayajiya, i-tibiae mncane, inezinzipho ezimbili onqenqemeni lwetars. Isibungu se-weevil sikhanyayo ngombala, siyinyama, ngaphandle kwemilenze. Ikhanda livamise ukuba mnyama kunomzimba futhi alinamehlo.
Amagunya amenyezelwe anemiphetho enesilinganiso. Isiphungumaphunga simise okwesivalo; iziqalo zekhanda, zamehlo, nezemilenze yebhungane zibonakala ngokucacile kuso. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, owesifazane mkhulu kunowesilisa futhi uphelele ngokwengeziwe ngesakhiwo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ezweni lakithi, ama-weevils ahlala kulo lonke elaseRussia ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisenyakatho kakhulu. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthuka nokuzala zibhekwa njengesimo sezulu esifudumele + 20-30С. Umnumzane uyaphila eduze kwalezo zitshalo azisebenzisela ukudla.
Ngakho-ke isigaxa sama-apula sihlala eduze nezingadi zezithelo, indlovu yophayini ivame ukutholakala emahlathini e-coniferous. Ngentwasahlobo zingabonakala kukhula ezondla ngalo ngaphambi kokuvela kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Izinambuzane zilala ngesimo sabantu abadala noma esigabeni sesibungu nesiphungumfucumfucu kadoti, enhlabathini, emaphethweni amagxolo nakwezinye izindawo ezivikelekile. Abantu abadala kuphela abalala emhlabathini. Ngokuqala kwemfudumalo + 7-9˚С, amabhungane okuqala aqala ukuvela, kepha ukuvela ngobuningi kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-10˚S.
Abanye abantu abadala bawela ekudakeni futhi bahlale emhlabathini isizini yonke efudumele, bavele phezulu entwasahlobo elandelayo. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, amabhungane ahamba ngomjikelezo ogcwele wokuphila wentuthuko. Umhlanga uhlala ngasese, angcwatshwe enhlabathini ephezulu ebusuku noma ngesikhathi sokubanda okubandayo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokohlobo lokudla. I-weevil eluhlaza yisibonelo se-polyphagia ekudleni: ingahlala emhlathini, i-birch, i-maple, i-apula nezinye izitshalo eziningi.
Impilo yabanye ababhemayo, okuthiwa. ama-monophages avela ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo zezitshalo. Isibonelo isithelo se-oki, abantu abadala badla amahlamvu e-oki, kanti isigaba sesibungu senziwa ngama-acorn.
I-Strawberry weevil iphakela ezithweni zasemoyeni zama-strawberry, kepha futhi ilimaza ama-raspberries, i.e. Izitshalo zomndeni ofanayo (i-oliphagy) zisebenza njengokudla. Kukhona ama-monophage ukuthi, ngaphambi kokuvela kwezitshalo ezihlala kuzo, adla ezinye izitshalo.
Isinambuzane esidala nesibungu kuhlanganiswe ukuminza ngokweqile, kepha isibungu sidla kathathu ngaphezu kwesinambuzane esikhulile. Ama-Weevils abhubhisa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo futhi abangele umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo.
Ama-Weevils ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene anezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okunomsoco. Amahlamvu, iziqu, amahlumela, izimpande zezitshalo, amaqabunga awile, izithelo, izimbali, impova - lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezingxenye zezitshalo ezidliwayo ibhungane (ama-saprophytes).
Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda ukhuni, kanti izibungu zazo zenza izindinyana ezinde ngaphakathi kwegxolo. Ama-saprophage akhetha izingxenye zezitshalo nezinkuni ezibolile, zondla i-mycelium yesikhunta.
Izinambuzane zivame ukuhlala esitshalweni futhi zilimaze izingxenye zazo ezahlukahlukene: abantu abadala badla amaqabunga nezimbali, kanti izibungu zidla ezimpandeni. Ama-Weevils ngokuvamile akha ama-galls (ukukhula okubi) kwezitshalo futhi ahlala kuzo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ibhungane le-Weevil ingakhiqiza kokubili ngokocansi nangokwe-partogenetically. Umvundla oluhlaza uvundisa amaqanda esifazane ngokukhwelana, kanti u-beet weevil uyi-partogenetic.
Ngokuqala kwemfudumalo, isithombo sebhitrudi sowesifazane, esivuswe ngemuva kobusika, sibekela amaqanda eduze nokutshala kuka-beet. Insikazi ingabeka amaqanda izikhathi eziningana phakathi kuka-Ephreli no-Agasti. Kwezinye izinhlobo, umuntu omdala uyafa ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda.
Izibungu zichanyuselwa ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye zilula, zinekhanda elinsundu, elimise okweqanda, lincibilika kaningi njengoba zikhula. Ekuqaleni kwentuthuko, zondla izimpande zezithombo ezincane, zibhubhisa izitshalo. Njengoba zikhula, izibungu zifinyelela empandeni we-beet, ziphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo sezimpande.
Ngaphambi kokufundelwa, lesi sibungu sihlomisa ikamelo emhlabathini, lapho lifuna khona ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokuphila. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, abantu abadala baphuma eziphungwini, okuthi, kuye ngesizini, bandize ngaphambi kobusika, ezinye zazo zihlala emhlabathini kuze kufike ubusika obulandelayo.
Izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezizalanayo ngokukhwelana ziqondana nesikhathi sazo sokukhwelana nokuvela kwamahlumela noma izithelo zezitshalo okufanele zibekele amaqanda kuzo. Isikhathi se-weevil sehlukile ngezizathu eziningi. Ezinye izinhlobo ziphila isikhathi eside kunezinye. Abesifazane bavame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwabesilisa.
Abantu abasinda ebusika banomjikelezo wokuphila omude. Abanye abantu abadala bangena ekudwebeni futhi abaphume baphume kulo lonke ihlobo kuze kufike isizini elandelayo. Isikhathi sokuphila kwesilokazane singasuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuye eminyakeni emibili noma ngaphezulu.
Ungalwa kanjani ngama-strawberry nasendlini yokhuni
Wonke umuntu uthanda izakhiwo zamapulangwe. Afudumele ebusika futhi apholile ehlobo, kulula ukuphefumula futhi anethezekile ukuba kuwo. Ngeshwa, isihlahla, njengomkhiqizo wokudla, sithandwa izinambuzane eziningi, esinye sazo okungu-weevils.
I-weevil edume kakhulu ibolile. Isinambuzane esinsundu, esino-3 mm kuphela ngosayizi, singadala umonakalo ongalungiseki ezakhiweni zamapulangwe.
I-weevil ngokuzithandela idla ama-conifers emakamelweni anomswakama ophezulu. Izithelo zomsebenzi wakhe zingatholakala kubhavu, ngaphansi kwama-windows sill, kumabhaloni nakuma-terraces, kuma-attics.
Weevil endlini yenza izimbobo enkuni lapho ibeka khona amaqanda. Izibungu ezichanyuselwe zidla ngentshiseko izingxenye ezingaphakathi zesihlahla, khona-ke kungekudala lonke ugodo lungaphenduka uthuli oluvela ngaphakathi.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa nalesi sinambuzane ukwelashwa kokuvimbela izinkuni ngesibulali magciwane ngenkathi kwakhiwa. Kepha noma kunezinyathelo eziyimpumelelo, kungavela isilwane. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nalesi sinambuzane zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu:
- ukuthintana (okunobuthi kakhulu) —hexochlorane, dichlorvos;
- amathumbu - ithusi le-sulfate, i-sodium fluorosilicon, amafutha ka-creosote, avame ukuba nephunga elibi;
- fumigants - isulfure dioxide, i-dichloroethane, ayihlali isikhathi eside, isheshe iphume.
Ukulungiswa kwe-biocidal kwesenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi "iZhuk" kukhiqizwa. Ngomonakalo omkhulu, kuyadingeka ukufaka i-antiseptic emigodini eyenziwe ngamabhungane ngesirinji, bese uwafaka ngento enamathelayo enolaka. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela amabhungane amasha ukuthi angandizeli ngaphandle.
Wonke umuntu olima ingadi amateur okhulisa ama-strawberry ujwayelene ne-weevil ye-sitrobheli (okusajingijolo). Ibhungane lincane ngosayizi, u-2-3 mm, limnyama, ne-tube ende igobele phansi. Lapho umoya ufudumala kuze kufike ku-10-12 ° C, amabhungane ayavuka ebusika futhi aqale ukudla amaqabunga amajikijolo.
Lapho i-sitrobheli ingena esikhathini sokuhluma, ibhungane lesifazane libhola umgodi ehlathini, libeke iqanda lapho, bese liluma umhlonyane. Isikhumba esisodwa sowesifazane singonakalisa kuze kufike kuzimbali ezingama-50. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza ama-strawberry, amabhungane aya kuma-raspberries futhi aqhubeke nomsebenzi wawo owonakalisayo.
Kunezindlela eziningi ungasusa kanjani ibhungane... Emakhemikhali, asebenza kakhulu yi: Aktellik, Alatar, Fufanon-nova (i-analogue yeKarbofos). Yonke le mithi inobuthi futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuyisebenzisa uma uyisebenzisa.
Muva nje, ukulungiswa kwemvelaphi yemvelo iFitoverm sekuvele, okuthi, uma kusetshenziswe kahle (okungenani ukushisa okungama-20 ° C), nakho kunikeze imiphumela emihle. Abalimi abanesipiliyoni bavame ukusebenzisa amakhambi esintu ukulwa nalesi sinambuzane.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izindawo zobusika zebhungane zichithwa ngamanzi abilayo. Ngokwazi ukuthi isigaxa asilibekezeleli iphunga elinamandla, banisela imibhede nge-infusion kagalikhi, inhlanganisela yemifino ye-celandine ne-anyanisi, bese beyiphatha ngesisombululo se-ammonia.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Kukholakala ukuthi weevilnakanjani isinambuzane esibuhlungu. Kepha eBrazil nase-Australia, ama-weevils asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula. Ngakho-ke, e-Australia, ibhungane le-nondescript lasindisa iLake Victoria ekuhlaselweni kokhula olubi olubizwa nge-water hyacinth. Kulethwe umhlanga eRussia ukuzohlanza amadamu kusuka ku-salvia wokhula, abantu abadala kanye nezibungu bayakwazi ukucekela phansi isitshalo esikhulu sasemanzini.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi imilenze ye-weevil inamathiselwe emzimbeni ngokomthetho wesikulufu namantongomane. Emilenzeni kukhona ukufana kwentambo, okungathi, ngokungathi kunjalo, kufakwa emzimbeni, okuhlinzeka amabhungane kalula ngokuhamba.
