Umhlali wama-steppes owomile kanye nezingwadule ufihlwe kahle kangangokuba kunzima kakhulu ukuthola inyoni enezimpaphe eziguquguqukayo emini. Avdotka - inyoni inomusa futhi ayibonakali. Ukuyibuka kudinga ukubekezela nekhono lokuzingela. Ukufunda i-avdotka kuvula umhlaba okhethekile wale nyoni enezimpiko enobungane.
Incazelo nezici
Ama-ornithologists ekutadisheni kwalezi zinhlobo aphikisana ngezimpande ezihlobene ze-avdotka. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi iseduze nama-bustard, abanye - ama-waders. Le nyoni incane ngosayizi, ivela kwijuba elikhulu, - umzimba ungaba ngu-45 cm ubude, umsila ungama-13 cm, isisindo senyoni singu-0.5-1 kg. Umzimba u-oval, ucocekile, uhlala emilenzeni emincane, eqondile.
Okucacile kwe-avdotok yizinhlanganisela zamadolo, lapho abaseBrithani beqamba le nyoni ngokuthi "idolo elijiyile". Kukhona izinzwane ezintathu kwizidladla, ezixhunywe yifilimu elincanyana lewebhu.
Uzwane olukhomba emuva, njengezinye izinyoni, alukho. Imilenze inemisipha, iqinile, yinde. Le nyoni ivamise ukuhamba ngokugijima phansi, ikhetha impilo yasemhlabeni kunomoya. Ubude bezinyathelo cishe ngu-35 cm.
Imikhuba ifana nezinyoni ze-bustard. Abesilisa nabesifazane cishe abahlukile, umbala wezimpaphe nosayizi wezinyoni kuyafana. I-dimorphism yezocansi kolunye uhlobo ibonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane.
Izimpiko ezikhonjisiwe ze-avdotka zinesikhala esingama-70-80 cm, ubude bephiko elilodwa ngama-cm 25. Le nyoni ayivamisile ukuzisebenzisela izindiza. Uma ikhuphukela emoyeni, indizela phansi ngenhla komhlaba, yenze amaphiko ayo asheshayo anamandla, yelule imilenze yayo emuva kakhulu. Ezindizeni ezimfushane, izinyoni ziyathula. Kepha emhlabeni ungezwa amazwi abo abuhlungu.
Umbala wale nyoni ungwevu onesihlabathi. Izimpaphe zokundiza, izimpaphe zomsila zimnyama, izimpaphe zengxenye ephezulu enamabala amnyama, ansundu. Isisu siphuzi, imilenze impunga, uqhwaku luphuzi ngethiphu emnyama. Izindawo ezimhlophe nezimnyama zibonakala kahle eduze kwamehlo. Ingubo ejwayelekile ye-motley isebenza njengokufihla okuhle emahlathini anesihlabathi, phakathi kwamadwala nezihlahla, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona imibala emnyama, ensundu, emhlophe nophuzi.
Ikhanda elikhulu le-avdotka lihlala entanyeni ezacile, emfushane. Le nyoni ivame ukuyelula ukuze ilalele imisindo ezungezile. Lapho ephumule, ugoba intamo yakhe ngehhuku lokukhilosha, njengendlovu. Amehlo enyoni ayamangalisa - makhulu, ayindilinga, aneris elikhanyayo eliphuzi kanye nomugqa ongaphandle omnyama.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinyoni kujwayelekile ezindaweni ezifudumele nezishisayo. Ububanzi obukhulu buhlanganisa iYurophu eseningizimu nasenkabeni, iMiddle East, Australia, ingxenye ye-Afrika, iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. ERussia, i-avdotka kwesinye isikhathi ingatholakala esifundeni saseLower Volga, eDon. Inyoni engajwayelekile yezindawo zethu.
Kukhona ukwehla okujwayelekile kwezinhlobo ze-avdotkovy. Izinguquko ekubukekeni komhlaba nokulima kwama-steppes zinomthelela omubi kusayizi wabantu. Izinyoni zihlushwa ukuhlaselwa yizilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye. I-Avdotka Encwadini Ebomvu efakwe ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezivikelwe. Ukuvela kwe-avdotok kubenza bahlobane nezinyoni ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke izazi ze-ornithologists zibabiza ngemiyalo ehlukene yezinyoni. Izingxabano zesayensi ngokuhlukaniswa ziyaqhubeka kuze kube kulesi sikhathi samanje.
Izinhlobo
Emndenini we-avdotkovy, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziyishumi zezinyoni. Zonke izinhlobo zabelana ngezimpawu ezijwayelekile - usayizi ophakathi, imilenze emide, uqhwaku olude. Ngokulandelana kwamaCharadriiformes, ahlukaniswa ngombala we-variegated, okuthi, ngochungechunge lwamabala nemivimbo, kubonakale kuncibilikisa izinyoni ezisemvelweni. Ngaphezu kwe-avdotka ejwayelekile, kukhona:
1. I-avdotka yaseNdiya - izinyoni ezincane ezihlala eNdiya, e-Indochina. Izimpaphe zinomphezulu omnyama kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi i-avdotka yaseNdiya ihlukaniswa njengama-subspecies ajwayelekile;
2. ISenegal Avdotka - ubukhulu benyoni buncane kunezinhlobo zase-Eurasia, izimpaphe zilula. Uqhwaku luyehluka ngokuthi umbala omude, omnyama umboza ucishe ufike ezansi, lapho kuhlala khona indawo encane ephuzi. Izinyoni zihlala phansi, kodwa ngenkathi yezimvula zifudukela ezindaweni ezomile. Bakhetha izindawo ezibukeka eduze nemizimba yamanzi. I-avdotka yaseSenegal ihola ukuhlala yodwa, izinyoni zigcina emihlambini emincane kuphela ezindizeni;
3. Amanzi avdotka - indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo ibanzi, ihlanganisa ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu; kepha, ubukhona benyoni yamanzi busengcupheni ngenxa yokwehla kwabantu ngama-30%. Le nyoni ehamba emanzini yakha izidleke eduze kwezingwenya zeNayile, lapho ithola khona ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe.
Ngokubonga, umemeza kakhulu exwayisa omakhelwane abayizinyosi ngokusondela kwabadlayo. Indawo abahlala kuyo osebeni lwesihlabathi ingundabamlonyeni ososayensi. I-avdotka yamanzi yaba yisibonelo senyoni edumile uTari kusuka kukhathuni wegama elifanayo, elihlanza amazinyo engwenya;
4. ICape Avdotka - inyoni enkulu emndenini wayo, ubude bomzimba obuyi-70-72 cm.Ihlala eCentral naseNingizimu Afrika. Ihola ukuhwalala nempilo yasebusuku, ayimemezele ngokukhala okukhulu okufana nokuganga. Isuka kuphela lapho isondela eduze kwayo ngokuyingozi, ihamba ngokugijima phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi imihlambi yenza izindiza ngenkani lapho kushona ilanga ifuna amanzi;
5. IDominican (imizila emibili) i-avdotka - umbala wezimpaphe uphawuleka ngemivimbo emnyama futhi elula edlula ikhanda lenyoni;
6. I-avdotka yasePeruvia - inyoni enesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, nje ngokuqapha njengezihlobo zayo endaweni yazo yemvelo. Akuwona wonke umuntu obuka izinyoni ozokwazi ukubona phakathi kotshani obomile namatshe isakhamuzi esinezimpaphe ngemilenze ephakeme;
7. I-avdotka yase-Australia - inkulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinyoni ezihlobene, ubude bomzimba obungu-55-59 cm, umsila ongu-17-19 cm. Izakhamizi zase-Australia ziyehluka ngemibala emibili: enyakatho yezwekazi kunqobeka uhlobo olubomvu lwezinyoni, ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga nasempumalanga - mpunga. Kusukela emehlweni kuye emuva kunweba umugqa omnyama, buqamama obufana nebharethi ekhanda lenyoni. Izinyoni zihlala emihlanjini emincane eduze kwamahlathi omtholo, u-eucalyptus, zithanda izimfunda ezomile;
8. I-avdotka yamadwala - ohlala emanzini angajulile emabhishi asezindaweni ezishisayo, izixhobo zamakhorali. Kuvame kakhulu emihlangeni. Umugqa omnyama ugqama kusukela kuqhwaku uye emuva kwekhanda. Emphinjeni kunezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinebala le-beige. Izinsila nezembozo zamaphiko ansundu.
Izimpaphe zimhlophe mpunga. Kuhlala ogwini lwase-Australia, ePhilippines naseziqhingini zase-Indonesia. Izinyoni zinomlomo oqinile ngokukhethekile uma ziqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezihambisanayo, iphethini elula, engafani kakhulu, izimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe zekhanda. I-avdotok yemifula kwesinye isikhathi ibhekwa njengohlobo oluhlukile ngokuya ngezimpawu zalo ezihlukile zombala.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ububanzi obuningi bezinyoni buhlanganisa amazwekazi amakhulu, izindawo eziningi eziqhingini. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, uhlala unyaka wonke, ehola impilo yokuhlala phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi iyazulazula ifuna ukudla, izindawo zokuhlala ezithandekayo, ivela ezindaweni ezingathandeki kuyo ngenkathi ethile. Ngakho-ke, eRussia, ungabona i-avdotka ikakhulukazi endizeni eStavropol Territory, esifundeni saseRostov.
I-Avdotki ayikuthandi ukubanda, zivame ukwakha izidleke ezindaweni lapho zingakwazi ukundiza khona zasebusika. Kodwa ukufuna indawo yokuhlala nokudla kuphoqa izinyoni ukuba zivumelane nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye izinyoni zakha indawo yase-Eurasia, nobusika ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu, eSaudi Arabia, eSenegal naseMali.
Inyoni U-Avdotka uhlala emahlanzeni omile, emahlane awugwadule, ema-savanna, olwandle nasogwini lwemifula, imithambeka enamadwala. Isikhala sokugijima, ukuhlinzekwa kokudla nokuba khona kwedamu eliseduze yizimo ezibalulekile zokuhlala kwakhe.
Umsebenzi we-avdotok ubonakala ngokuqala kokuhwalala, lapho beshiya izindawo eziyimfihlo, lapho bephumula khona emini, bebuka okwakwenzeka nxazonke. Abahambi abanakile kwesinye isikhathi babona izinyoni ezimile zodwa emini, zilele ngaphansi komthunzi wehlathi.
I-Avdotki yizinyoni ezizwelayo kakhulu, ezinokuzwa nokubona okuhle. Uma kunengozi, ziyabaleka. Ukumemeza kuxwayisa izihlobo ngokuthola umhlaseli. Uma umuntu noma isilwane sisondela kakhulu, zisuka zibaleke.
Zibonisa ukuqaphela lapho umhlaseli esekude - afriza endaweni ethile otshanini, angahlukaniswa nemvelo, ngakho-ke ibukeka kanjani i-avdotka kude njengetshe noma isixha sotshani obomile.
Zihola kakhulu impilo yokuhlala yodwa, zihlangana ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Imihlambi emincane ibuthana ukunisela ngesikhathi sezindiza. I-Avdotki izwana kahle nezinye izinyoni, zihlala ndawonye. Baziphatha ngobungane nabantu, bavela ezindaweni zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene, kepha abasondeli ngaphandle kokuxwayiswa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwe-Avdotok kusekelwe ekudleni kwezilwane. Le nyoni iyahamba izingela kusihlwa, lapho kuyisikhathi sokuphumula sezinye izinyoni eziningi, kanti nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ziyashiya izindawo zazo zokuhlala. Amehlo acijile, usizo olujulile lokuzwa ukuthola ukudla.
Ukhetha i-avdotki inikezwa izinambuzane, iminenke, amaxoxo, amagundane amancane, ama-molluscs, ama-amphibians. Izinyoni ezidla inyama zizitika ngezibankwa ezincane, izinyoka, izinyoni ezincane, amaqanda ezidlekeni zazo. Imenyu ehlukahlukene iqukethe izintethe, amakhilikithi, ama-slugs, amabhungane, ama-earwigs, izikelemu zomhlaba nezinye ezizimba phansi.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ukhombisa ubuqili - umemeza kakhulu ukuze inyamazane yesikhathi esizayo iziveze. Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukushayela izisulu zazo ezingibeni. Ishaya amagundane asebenzayo, amagundane, ama-hamsters ngoqhwaku oluqinile, bese ishaya phansi, itshe amahlandla amaningi ukugaya amathambo.
Akakhandi izidumbu, kepha ugwinya wonke. Ukuze uthuthukise ukugayeka kokudla, igwinya amatshe amatshe amancane, isihlabathi esimahhadlahhadla. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, izinyoni azizingeli kusihlwa kuphela, kodwa nasemini. Izinyoni zibamba isisulu esibalekayo, zizisiza ukusheshisa ngamaphiko azo, zibambe izisulu ngomlomo ocijile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinyoni zivuthwa ngokocansi kusukela eminyakeni emithathu, kuze kube yileso sikhathi azifuni abalingani. Izinyoni ezinomfazi oyedwa, ngemuva kokwakheka komndeni, zivame ukufika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ngazimbili ezimisiwe. Kepha kunesikhathi sokuqomisana nangemva kokufika, kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi, ngo-Ephreli.
Abesilisa bamemezela ukubonakala kwabo ngokukhala okukhulu kwezingoma. Lapho bebona ukuthi abesifazane banentshisekelo, imidanso yesiko iqala ukuzuza inhliziyo yomlingani. Indoda ngayinye ishaya amaphiko ayo phambi kokhethiweyo wayo, iyagoba, imbe phansi, igwedle uqhwaku lwayo esihlabathini.
I-Avdotki, eyedwa empilweni ejwayelekile, ngesikhathi sokuzalisa hlanganani emhlanjini omncane wezinyoni eziningana. Ukwenza okujwayelekile kwemidanso enamaphiko avulekile nezingoma ezinomsindo kwenzeka emisakazweni.
Umbhangqwana ofundile ukhetha indawo yokwakha izidleke, uvikele insimu kubantu ongabazi. Isikhundla sokuzivikela sezinyoni ukuphakamisa imisila yazo, zelule izintamo zazo phansi, futhi zihhewule ukubhoboza.
Isidleke uqobo lwaso, asinjalo. Izinyoni zenza ukucindezeleka emhlabathini, zimboze ngamatshe, zimboze ngaphakathi ngamaqabunga, amakhambi, amagatsha amancane. Indawo ekhethiwe yesidleke ihlale isendaweni evulekile, lapho ungabona khona isitha ngesikhathi. Babuyela endaweni ekhethiwe unyaka nonyaka ukuyokwakha izidleke.
E-clutch, kuvame ukuba namaqanda ama-2-3, umbala o-beige onamachashaza amnyama, ubukhulu benkukhu. Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekufukameleni inyanga futhi banakekele inzalo elandelayo. Umlingani ngamunye unakekela ukudla, uletha ukudla kulowo osemsebenzini esidlekeni.
Iduna livikela insikazi esidlekeni - lihlola indawo, linikeze izimpawu eziyingozi. Uma insikazi ificwa khona lapho, iyahlala, iqandane inganyakazi. Kwesinye isikhathi lo mbhangqwana uzama ukuthatha umhlaseli ngokumemeza, ushaye amaphiko awo, uphazamise ibhande.
Amachwane achamisela abonwe. Insikazi kwesinye isikhathi iyakhanda igobolondo, noma ilichilizele eceleni. Ngemuva kokumiswa, imvuthu, engamboziwe neze, ikwazi ukuhamba, ilandele abazali bayo, futhi ingabuyeli esidlekeni.
Owesifazane ufundisa amatshwele ukuthi athole ukudla - uphonsa ibhungane ngomlomo wakhe, alibambe, ameme imvuthu ukuthi iphinde iphinde ikwenze lokho kaningi kuze kube yilapho befunda ukuzenzela bona. Engozini, uyashintshana ngokuthatha amaphuphu ngomlomo wakhe awase kude. Ngemva kwenyanga, izingane zimbozwe izimpaphe, ziqala ukundiza.
Lapho benamasonto ayisithupha baba nokuzimela ngokuphelele. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyoni sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-16. Izinhlangano zezokuphepha zinakekela ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo ze-avdotkovy ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo zingaboni hhayi nje ukuthi zibukeka kanjani avdotka esithombeni, kepha nakwi-vivo.
