I-clown fish yathola igama layo kusuka kumbala wokuqala, ofana nokwakheka kwe-jester. Ukuthandwa kwayo kwaqala ukukhula ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu egqwayizayo yeDisney ethi Finding Nemo, lapho umhlali wasolwandle onemibala adlala khona umlingiswa ophambili.
Igama lesayensi lohlobo lwe-amphiprion ocellaris. Ama-Aquarists awakwazisi ngokubukeka kwawo okuhle kuphela, kodwa nangezinye izici. Kuyavela inhlanzi ehlekisayo iyakwazi ukushintsha ubulili bayo futhi yenze imisindo njengokuchofoza. Kepha okugqame kakhulu ukuthi isebenza kanjani nama-anemones, ama-invertebrate ayingozi ekujuleni.
Incazelo nezici
I-Ocellaris-tapered kathathu iyinhlobo yezinhlanzi zasolwandle eziku-oda lama-perchiformes, umndeni we-pomacentral. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-28 zama-amphiprion emhlabeni. I-Clown fish esithombeni okuvezwe kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo, kulula kakhulu ukutadisha incazelo yezinhlobo ngokubheka isithombe.
I-Ocellaris inobukhulu obuncane - ubude babantu abakhulu bufinyelela ku-11 cm, kanti ubukhulu bomzimba womuntu ohlala ekujuleni kolwandle kuyahluka phakathi kuka-6-8 cm Abesilisa bahlala bancane kancane kunabesifazane.
Umzimba we-clown fish umise okwe-torpedo, uqine kancane ezinhlangothini, unomsila oyindilinga oyindilinga. Ingemuva liphakeme impela. Inhloko imfishane, iyindunduma, inamehlo amakhulu awolintshi.
Ngemuva kunomphetho owodwa wemfoloko one-edging emnyama. Ingxenye yayo engaphambili iqine kakhulu, ifakwe imiqolo ebukhali futhi inemisebe eyi-10. Ingxenye engemuva, ethambile yesiphetho sangemuva inemisebe eyi-14-17.
Abamele i-genus amphiprion badume ngemibala yabo engalibaleki. Okujwayelekile kubo umbala omkhulu womzimba ophuzi-orange. Ukuqhathanisa imivimbo emhlophe ekhanyayo enezinhlaka ezimnyama kuyashintshana emzimbeni.
Umngcele ofanayo omncane uhlobisa imikhawulo yamaphiko okhalo, okwe-caudal kanye ne-pectoral. Lezi zokugcina zithuthuke kahle kakhulu futhi zinomumo oyindilinga. Le ngxenye yomzimba wama-clown ihlala inemibala egqamile emthunzini omkhulu.
Izici eziyinhloko zohlobo lwe-Ocellaris:
- basebenzelana eduze nama-polyps angenamgogodla ama-coral, ama-anemones, amatende awo anamaseli ahlabayo akhipha ubuthi obubulalayo;
- wonke amafry asanda kuzalwa angamaduna, kepha ngesikhathi esifanele bayakwazi ukuba ngabesifazane;
- e-aquarium, ama-clown aphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20;
- i-amphiprion ingenza imisindo ehlukile, efana nokuchofozwa;
- abamele lolu hlobo aludingi ukunakwa okuningi, kulula ukunakekelwa.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo eziningi zemvelo zama-ocellaris clown zinombala osawolintshi. Kodwa-ke, ogwini lwase-Australia kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinomzimba omnyama. Ngokumelene nesizinda esikhulu, imivimbo emi-3 emhlophe ivelele ime mpo. Kunjalo inhlanzi enhle yama-clown obizwa nge-melanist.
Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-clown fish:
- UPerkula. Kutholakala emanzini oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nasePacific North. Kwenziwe ngobuciko esifundazweni saseMelika iFlorida. Umbala oyinhloko wabamele lezi zinhlobonhlobo yi-orange ekhanyayo. Imigqa emithathu emhlophe njengeqhwa itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda, ezinhlangothini nasesansi komsila. Ngamunye wabo uchazwe ngombala omncane omnyama.
- Anemone ocellaris - clown fish for kids, izingane zimthanda kakhulu, ngoba kwakuyizinhlobonhlobo ezavela kwikhathuni edumile. Ihlukaniswa ngokubukeka kwayo kokunethezeka - imigqa emhlophe emzimbeni we-orange itholakala ukuze yakhe izingxenye eziningana ezikhanyayo ezilinganayo. Wonke amaphiko, ngaphandle kwe-dorsal, anohlaka olumnyama kumathiphu. Isici esihlukile sama-anemone clown ukuthi adala i-symbiosis nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-anemone, hhayi ngohlobo olulodwa nje kuphela.
- Ushokoledi. Umehluko omkhulu wezinhlobo kusuka kowedlule umthunzi ophuzi we-caudal fin kanye nethoni yomzimba onsundu. Ama-amphiprions e-chocolate anesimo sempi.
- Utamatisi (obomvu) ongumlingisi. Izinhlobonhlobo zifinyelela ku-14 cm ubude. Umbala womzimba omkhulu ubomvu ngokushintshwa okubushelelezi kuya kuburgundy futhi cishe kucishe kube mnyama, amaphiko avutha umlilo. Okucacile kwalezi zinhlanzi ukuba khona komugqa owodwa kuphela omhlophe, otholakala phansi kwekhanda.
Kuthengiswa kukhona ikakhulukazi ama-ocellaris, akhuliswe ekuthunjweni, ahlukile komunye nomunye ngezinhlobo zemibala. Kuyasiza kuwo wonke umuntu wasemanzini ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izici zalowo nalowo kubo:
- Iqhwa leqhwa. Yinhlanzi enomzimba osawolintshi enemigqa emnyama emide kakhulu emhlophe. Akufanele zihlangane. Lapho indawo yomzimba ithoni emhlophe kakhulu iqhwa, kulapho umuntu ehlonishwa khona.
- Iqhwa leqhwa eliphambili. Kuzinhlobo ezinjalo, imivimbo emibili yokuqala ixhunywe komunye nomunye, yakha izindawo ezinkulu ezimhlophe zezimo ezihlukile ekhanda nasemuva. Amafreyimu amnyama amnyama amnyama wephethini nezeluleko zamaphiko.
- Iqhwa elimnyama. Kulezi zinhlobo, amaphiko awolintshi kuphela esisekelweni, kanti ingxenye yawo enkulu imnyama. Emzimbeni onesikhumba se-tangerine, kunezigaba ezi-3 ezimhlophe, ezichazwe ngomngcele omnyama omncane. Amabala atholakala ekhanda nasemuva axhunywe komunye nomunye emzimbeni ongenhla.
- Phakathi kwamabili u-Ocellaris unomzimba onsundu onsundu. Ikhanda lakhe kuphela elipendwe ngombala womlilo othulisiwe.
- Uze. Lezi zinhlobo ze-clownfish zinombala okhanyayo oqinile wewolintshi.
- Ama-Dominoes ayizinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-amphiprion. Ngaphandle, inhlanzi ibukeka njengosomahlaya obuphakathi kwamabili, kepha yehluke kuyo ngokuba khona kwephuzu elikhulu elimhlophe endaweni ye-operculum.
- Imigqa emnyama emnyama eyeqile. Lo muntu obukeka ehlaba umxhwele uziqhayisa ngomzimba omnyama onendandatho emhlophe ekhanda lakhe. Imivimbo ngemuva nangasemsileni imifushane kakhulu.
- Imigqa yamanga. Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokuba khona kwemivimbo emhlophe engathuthuki kahle. Umbala womzimba oyinhloko yi-coral.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Okokuqala izinhlanzi zasolwandle yachazwa ngo-1830. Uhlobo oluxoxiwe ngezinhlanzi zasolwandle lusatshalaliswa endaweni enkulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yePacific, ezinye emanzini asempumalanga yamaNdiya.
Ngakho-ke, ungathola i-ocellaris ngasogwini lwasePolynesia, eJapane, e-Afrika nase-Australia. Abamele ubukhosi bolwandle abathandayo bathanda ukuhlala emanzini angajulile, lapho ukujula kungadluli kumamitha ayi-15, futhi ayikho imisinga enamandla.
I-Clownfish ihlala echibini elinokuthula namachibi. Ifihle emahlathini ama-anemones asolwandle - angabagibeli basolwandle besigaba sama-coral polyps. Kuyingozi ukusondela kubo - izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zikhiqiza ubuthi, obukhubaza isisulu, bese kuba yisisulu. I-Amphiprion ocellaris ihlangana nama-invertebrate - ihlanza amatende abo, idla imfucumfucu yokudla.
Ukunakwa! Umhlekisi akesabi ama-anemone, ubuthi be-creepers abumthinti. Izinhlanzi ziye zafunda ukuzivikela kubuthi obubulalayo. I-Ocellaris ivumela ukuthi itinywe kancane ngokuthinta izintambo zayo. Umzimba wakhe ube usukhiqiza uketshezi oluvikelayo olufana nokwakheka kwama-anemone. Ngemuva kwalokho, akukho lutho olusongela izinhlanzi. Uhlala ngqo emahlathini ama-coral polyps.
I-Symbiosis enamagajethi ilungile kumhlekisi. I-anemone yolwandle enobuthi ivikela isidalwa solwandle i-motley ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi isiza ekutholeni ukudla. Ngokulandelayo, inhlanzi iyasiza ukuheha isisulu ogibeni lokufa ngosizo lombala ogqamile. Ukube bekungekhona okosomahlaya, abagijimi bekufanele balinde isikhathi eside ukuthi umsinga ulethe inyamazane yabo kubo, ngoba abakwazi nokunyakaza.
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, ama-ocellaris angama-tape amathathu akwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwama-anemones. Uma lokhu kwamuva kunganele kuyo yonke imindeni yezinhlanzi, ama-clown ahlala phakathi kwamatshe olwandle, emadwaleni angaphansi kwamanzi nasemigodini.
I-aquarium clown fish ayidingi ngokuphuthuma indawo yokuhlala nezinwabuzelayo. Uma kunezinye izakhamizi zasolwandle kanye naye e-aquarium, khona-ke ama-ocellaris azokhululeka ngokwengeziwe ekuvumelaneni nama-anemones. Lapho umndeni wewolintshi ungahlanganyeli ngamanzi awo nezinye izakhamuzi zasolwandle, uzizwa uphephile phakathi kwamakhorali namatshe.
Ochwepheshe bezinhlanzi eziklwebayo, ama-aquarist anolwazi, baxwayisa ngokuthi isilwane esihle esiwolintshi sikhombisa ubudlova, sivikela i-anemone esihlala kuyo. Udinga ukuthi uqaphele lapho uhlanza i-aquarium - kunamacala lapho izinhlanzi ziluma egazini labanikazi bazo. Abesabi lapho besaba ukulahlekelwa yikhaya labo eliphephile.
Emvelweni yasolwandle, i-anemone eyodwa kuhlala izithandani esezikhulile. Abesifazane abavumi abanye abamele lohlobo endaweni yabo yokuhlala, kanti abesilisa baxosha abesilisa. Umndeni uzama ukungashiyi indawo yokuhlala, futhi uma ubhukuda kude nawo, khona-ke ebangeni elingadluli amasentimitha angama-30. Umbala okhanyayo usiza ukuxwayisa abanye babo ukuthi insimu ihlala.
Ukunakwa! Kubalulekile ukuthi usomahlaya ahlale esondelene kakhulu ne-anemon yakhe, ngaphandle kwalokho amafinyila avikelayo ayogezwa kancane kancane emzimbeni wakhe. Kulokhu, i-amphiprion ibeka engcupheni yokuba yisisulu somlingani wayo ophambanayo.
Izinhlanzi ze-Aquarium clown iyahambisana cishe nazo zonke izinhlobo zohlobo lwazo, ngaphandle kwezilwane ezizingelayo. Izivakashi ezivela ezindaweni ezishisayo azikwazi ukuma isikhala esiminyene nokusondela kakhulu kubamele bohlobo lwazo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuncintisana kuqala phakathi kwabakhileyo endaweni yamanzi. Umuntu omdala ngamunye kumele okungenani abe namalitha angama-50. amanzi okwenza ama-clown anethezeke.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, ama-ocellaris adla izinsalela zempango ye-anemone. Ngakho-ke, bahlanza izintambo zalo ezintweni nasezintanjeni ezibolayo. Uhlu lwalokho idliwa yini inhlekisa clownabahlala olwandle:
- izilwane zezilwane ezihlala ngaphansi kolwandle, kufaka phakathi ama-crustaceans, imfanzi;
- ulwelwe;
- detritus;
- plankton.
Izakhamizi zasemanzini azithobeki ezindabeni zokondleka - zidla amamiksi owomile ezinhlanzi, okubandakanya i-tubifex, izikelemu zegazi, i-daphnia, i-gammarus, i-nettle, i-algae, i-soya, ukolweni kanye nenhlanzi yokudla. Kusuka ekudleni okufriziwe, ama-clown akhetha imfanzi, i-brine shrimp, i-squid.
Ukondla kwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku ngasikhathi sinye. Ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, imvamisa yokwabiwa kokudla inyuswa kuze kube izikhathi ezi-3. Izinhlanzi akumele zidliwe ngokweqile - ukudla okweqile kungonakala emanzini. Ama-clown angafa ngemuva kokuwadla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Onke ama-amphiprions angama-hermaphrodites we-protandric. Ekuqaleni, abantu abasha ngabesilisa ngokuzenzakalela. Kodwa-ke, abanye bayashintsha ubulili babo uma kunesidingo. Umfutho wokushintsha kobulili ngukufa kowesifazane. Ngale ndlela, umhlambi ugcina amandla okuzala.
I-Ocellaris idala imindeni noma amaqembu amancane. Ilungelo lokushada ngelabantu abakhulu kakhulu. Bonke abanye iphakethe balinde ithuba labo lokuthi banikele ekuzaleni.
Uma owesilisa efa ngababili, omunye ohlangabezana nezidingo uthatha indawo yakhe. Uma kwenzeka kufe owesifazane, indoda eyedlula wonke umuntu iyashintsha futhi ithathe indawo yayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, owesilisa kuzodingeka ashiye indawo ephephile ahambe ayofuna owakwakhe, futhi lokhu kuyingozi.
Ukuzalela ngokuvamile kwenzeka enyangeni egcwele lapho kushisa khona amanzi okungama-26 ... + 28 degrees. Insikazi izalela amaqanda endaweni ecashile, ayisuse ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isuse konke okungadingekile. Le nqubo ayithathi ngaphezu kwamahora ama-2. Eyesilisa ivundisa amaqanda.
Ukunakekela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo kulele kowesilisa. Izinsuku eziyi-8-9, ubheka amaqanda futhi awavikele engozini. Ubaba ozobabaza amaza akhe ukuze asuse imfucumfucu futhi andise ukugeleza komoya-mpilo oya ematsheni. Ngemuva kokuthola amaqanda angaphili, owesilisa uyawasusa.
Amafry avela maduze. Badinga ukudla ukuze baphile, ngakho-ke izibungu zikhuphuka zisuka olwandle zifuna iplankton. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umbala onemigqa ohlukile, ophawuleka nge-clownfish, uvela ngefry isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuchamuselwa. Njengoba sezitholile amandla, izinhlanzi ezikhulile zizifunela ama-anemone amahhala. Kuze kube manje, abavikelekile engozini - ezinye izakhamuzi zasolwandle aziphikisi ukuzitika ngazo.
Lapho kuzalaniswa amakhowe ekhaya, gazinga elisanda kuchanyuselwa emaqandeni lifakwa ngokushesha. Lesi sincomo sisebenza uma ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zihlala e-aquarium ngaphandle kwe-ocellaris. Isizukulwane esisha sidla ukudla okufanayo nokwabantu abadala.
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwama-amphiprions ekujuleni kolwandle yiminyaka eyi-10. E-aquarium, i-clown fish iphila isikhathi eside, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, ngoba lapha iphephe ngokuphelele. Endle, abahlala olwandle bahlushwa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi olwandle kuthinta kabi ukuthuthukiswa kwama-anemone, inani lawo liyancipha. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lama-clown liyancipha - ngaphandle kwe-sypiosis nama-anemones, awavikelwa.
Izakhamizi zolwandle olujulile zihlushwa ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-carbon dioxide emanzini. Ukungcola kwayo kuhlobene kakhulu nezinguquko emazingeni e-asidi. Ukushoda komoya-mpilo kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kwi-gazinga - ifa ngobuningi.
Nge-pH ephezulu yemvelo, izibungu ze-clownfish zilahlekelwa umuzwa wazo wokunuka, okwenza kube nzima ukuqondisa esikhaleni. Ngenkathi zizulazula ngezikhathi ezithile emanzini olwandle, gazinga zisengozini - imvamisa zidliwa ezinye izinto eziphilayo.
I-Ocellaris yizinhlanzi ezinokubukeka kwasekuqaleni, ziqinile, ziyasebenza. Ungababuka ku-aquarium amahora. Ubudlelwano babo nama-anemones buthinta kakhulu. Kuyisimangaliso ukuthi ama-clown afunde ukwakha ukungavikeleki kubuthi obufihlwe ama-anemone futhi abasebenzise njengesiphephelo.
Enye yezinzuzo ze-amphiprions ukumelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Uma umnikazi we-aquarium eqapha ngokucophelela ubumsulwa bamanzi, izinga lokushisa kwalo futhi egcina imithetho yokondla, ama-clown azomjabulisa ngobuhle bawo iminyaka eminingi.
