Kudala ebuntwaneni safunda inganekwane ka-Andersen ethi "Thumbelina". Umyeni ohlulekile we-heroine wezinganekwane wayeyi-mole - umlingiswa omkhulu, okhuluphele, oyimpumputhe, onengubo ecebile eboya, ezolile, eqinile futhi enesibindi
Kodwa-ke, emvelweni, lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zincane kakhulu futhi azizoli neze. Zihamba kakhulu, azilali ubusuku bonke futhi azingeli kaningi kunezinye izilwane. Abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kokudla amahora angaphezu kuka-15-17. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla amaningi aya ekumbeni umhlabathi.
Ngokuqondene nejazi loboya, kunjalo. Izimvukuzane zinoboya obuhle be-velvet. Izikhumba zosayizi omncane, kepha ziqinile futhi zilungele ukuthunga uboya besifazane. Imikhiqizo ethungiwe yafudumala kancane, kepha yayigqokwe kahle futhi ibukeka imangalisa. Zazibiza kakhulu. E-USSR kwakukhona yonke indawo yokudoba izikhumba ezinjalo.
Manje ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwayo kwezomnotho futhi iyaqhubeka ngamanani amancane ensimini. Ukungaboni kahle nakho kuyiqiniso. Lezi zidalwa ziyizimpumputhe ngempela, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zingaboni ngokuphelele. Futhi ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, izinambuzane kanye nabemba abaphambili.
Igama "imvukuzane" lingahunyushwa ngokoqobo ngokuthi "digger". Inezimpande zasendulo zeSlavic futhi iphinyiselwa ngokufana kakhulu ezilimini eziningi. NgesiJalimane, ukuhumusha kucaciswe phansi: "imvukuzane" ngokwemibandela yabo "ukumba igundane". Phakathi kwezwe elithakazelisayo nelithokozisayo labantu abahlala ngaphansi komhlaba, kunokubukeka okuyingqayizivele inkanyezi enekhala lezinkanyezi.
Incazelo nezici
Mude ngobude, u-13-18 cm kuphela, futhi ijazi lakhe alicebile kakhulu. Amehlo akhe abi kabi njengamanye ama-moles. Inkanyezi-ikhala noma i-star-snout - uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezivela emndenini wemvukuzane. Ihluke kwabanye abantu ngeziqu zesikhumba kumlomo ngesamba sezingcezu ezingama-22.
Mayelana nokwakheka komzimba, uyafana nezihlobo zakhe ezivela eYurophu. Umzimba, ukwakheka nokwakheka, wawudalelwe ukumba imigqa engaphansi komhlaba nokuhlala emigodini. Isilwane esincane, umzimba ufana nesilinda noma ibhulokhi eliyindilinga, ikhanda liyindilinga nekhala elicijile, entanyeni ecishe ingabonakali.
Izindonga zangaphambili zineminwe emihlanu, futhi ziyithuluzi lokumba phansi. Ukubukeka kwazo kufana nefosholo, ikakhulukazi lapho kuphendulwa "nezintende" zazo phezulu. Imilenze yangemuva nayo inezinzwani eziyisihlanu, kodwa yathuthuka kancane kakhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili.
Ibhantshi alinamanzi, linzima kunezinye izihlobo, futhi umbala walo uvame ukuba nsundu. Kuyiqiniso, abantu nabo bangabantu abamnyama, kepha kakhulu kangako. Umsila mude ukudlula lowo "wama-European moles", cishe u-6-8 cm. Zonke zimbozwe izinwele eziqinile. Ebusika, lesi sitho sisebenza "njengendawo yokugcina izinto". Iyakhula esimweni sezulu esibandayo, iqoqa amafutha amaningi.
Isilwane sinesisindo esisuka ku-45 kuye ku-85 g, kucatshangelwa inkathi, inala yokudla nobulili.Inhloko, njengabo bonke abantu bezinhlobo ezicatshangelwayo, ivulekile, amehlo mancane kakhulu, kodwa ayabonakala njengamalahle. Ukuba semnyameni isikhathi esiningi, ama-moles alahlekelwe umkhuba wokuwasebenzisa. Izindlebe azibonakali, kepha lokhu akuthinti ukuzwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, uzwa kahle.
Inkanyezi-ikhala esithombeni inokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Ubukeka emuhle futhi esabisa. Ezinhlangothini zombili zekhala, esiqeshini, kukhona ukukhula kwesikhumba, i-11 ohlangothini ngalunye. Zibukeka njengenkanyezi, yingakho igama. Kepha kufana nokuqina kwesilo esingaziwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, inomqondo oyingqayizivele wokuthinta. Ngabo, "uhlola" ukudla futhi ahlole ukuthi ziyadleka yini. Yonke inqubo yokuthola nokuhlola ukudla ithatha imvukuzane enezinkanyezi isikhathi esincane kakhulu kunabanye abantu, ngokunembile ngenxa yalokhu kukhula.
Futhi uzihambisa ngalesi sikhathi ngokushesha okukhulu, cishe okungabonakali emehlweni esintu. Kuphela ngokuqopha lapho kungenzeka khona ukubona lokhu kuhamba. Imvukuzane ingabheka kufika kuzinto ezincane ezingama-30 ngomzuzwana “ngamadevu” ayo. Amazinyo ayo mancane futhi mancane kunalawo ezinye izinhlobo. Uyakwazi ukuluma ngokushesha okukhulu nangobuhlungu. Inani lamazinyo 44.
Izinhlobo
Umndeni wemvukuzane usakazeke kakhulu emazwenikazi amabili - eNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia. Sekukonke, inezizukulwane ezingaba ngu-17, ezibandakanya izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zezimvukuzane. Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, izinambuzane, izidla inyama.
Zihola ikakhulu impilo yangaphansi komhlaba, zinomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela, ukuthinta nokuzwa, kepha zibona kabi noma zingaboni nhlobo. Kunamagama ezinhlobo enza kube lula ukuzulazula lapho ahlala khona.
Isibonelo, amaShayina amakhulu, amaHimalaya, amaJapane, amaVietnam, iNtshonalanga neMpumalanga Melika, iNtshonalanga yamaShayina, iSiberia, iCaucasus, iYurophu, i-Asia Minor, i-Iberia, iCalifornia, iPacific, i-Iranian, nezimvukuzane zaseYunnan. Kubukeka kungezona zonke izinhlobo ezikhonjwe indawo yokuhlala.
Amagama ezinye izinhlobo akhombisa izici zawo zangaphandle. Imvukuzane enamazinyo amakhulu, ubuso obufushane, umsila omhlophe, umsila onoboya, shrew, umsila omude, izimpumputhe yizibonelo zamagama asuselwa kuzimpawu zangaphandle. Kukhona namagama “okuzisholo” - imvukuzane kaStankovich, imvukuzane kaKobe, imvukuzane yaseTownsend.
Bonke laba bantu bancane ngosayizi, kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-8 kuye kwayi-13.Isibonelo, imvukuzane yaseYurophu ingamasentimitha ayi-13, imvukuzane yaseMelika ehambisa umhlaba ingu-7.9 cm, imvukuzane eyimpumputhe ingamasentimitha ayi-12.
Kunokwehluka okuthile kuzinhlobo ezibalulwe ongazinaka. Isibonelo, amehlo emvukuzane eyimpumputhe ahlala efihliwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba, imvukuzane yaseCaucasus ayinayo nhlobo i-eye slits, inganqunywa kuphela yi-X-ray.
Imvukuzane yamaShayina ayiyona nje incane futhi inciphe, inemilenze ephakeme ngokuqhathaniswa, ingaphambili layo elingakhelwanga ukumba nokubhukuda. Azithuthukisiwe, njengakwamanye ama-moles, futhi azibukeki njengehalavu. Izinsumpa zikaDesman cishe azinaboya, umzimba wabo wonke umbozwe nge-vibrissae - izinwele ezibucayi ezibucayi.
Imvukuzane enkulu kunazo zonke iSiberia, inobude obufinyelela ku-19 cm futhi inesisindo esingaba ngu-220 g.Izala inzalo ende kunazo zonke, cishe izinyanga eziyi-9. Imvukuzane yaseJapan ehambisa umhlaba inhle kakhulu ekukhuphukeni kwezihlahla futhi iyakwazi ukuqeda isidleke endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2-4
Futhi ama-marsupial moles ase-Australia asemgqeni ohlukile. Banendlela efanayo yokuphila nokubukeka ngezimvukuzane, izilwane ezincelisayo zibizwa cishe ngokufanayo, kuphela uhlobo lwe-marsupials.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Inkanyezi-ikhala ihlala eNyakatho Melika. Ihlala endaweni enkulu ukusuka eCanada kuye eGeorgia. Empeleni, ngenxa yokuthi itholwe kakhulu eCanada, elinye igama lalesi sidalwa likhona ikhala lenkanyezi yaseCanada.
Lezi zilwane ukuphela kwezimvukuzane ezingaphila kumakoloni. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo ziphikisana kakhulu. Bakhetha inhlabathi enexhaphozi ikakhulukazi, izimfunda ezimanzi zokuhlala, badinga umswakama.
Bamba inhlabathi, bakhe zonke izinhlelo ezingaphansi komhlaba zamaphaseji. Bamba inhlabathi ngezingalo zangaphambili, bezungezisa umzimba wabo nxazonke ze-eksisi, njenge-drill. Bese beqhubela umhlaba phezulu, bakha izindunduma ezincane. La "mapiramidi" anquma indawo yezimvukuzane.
Bahlomisa i-mink yabo ngenduduzo, elinye lama "room" amaningi lisebenza njengendawo yokulala noma indawo yokuphumula. Bayifaka ngamaqabunga omile, utshani, utshani obuncane nezimpande. Igumbi elinjalo lisendaweni ekude nokuvulwa kwasekuqaleni, ekugcineni kwendlela eyinkimbinkimbi engaphansi komhlaba efana nelabyrinth.
Itholakala ekujuleni kwemitha elilodwa nengxenye ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Lezo zindima ezihlangana nayo zihlala isikhathi eside ngokukhethekile, zenziwe amaramu futhi zilungiswa njalo. Umoya awungeni ngqo lapho, kepha kwanele kusuka emithonjeni eyimbiwe emhlabathini kuso sonke isakhiwo sangaphansi komhlaba. Ngokuqinisekile kuzoba nezindima eziholela emanzini. Ikhala lenkanyezi yezilwane kuhola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Uyakujabulela ukubhukuda, ukudilika nokuzingela emanzini.
Futhi ebusweni bomhlaba ingatholakala kaningi kunezinye izimvukuzane. Lezi zilwane ezingama-nimble zizingela emhlabathini, ngaphansi komhlaba nasemanzini. Umsebenzi wabo awuhlukaniswa isikhathi sosuku, banamandla ngokulinganayo imini nobusuku. Azifihli ebusika, zihamba zifuna inyamazane ngqo eqhweni, noma zitshuza ngaphansi kweqhwa. Abazingeli abangakhathali futhi abahlukahlukene.
Bahlala ngamaqembu, noma kunalokho, emindenini emikhulu. Izilwane ezinekhala lezinkanyezi izilwane zomphakathi, futhi zinamathelene kakhulu komunye nomunye. Yile ndlela ezihluke ngayo kwezinye izinhlobo ezithanda ukuhlala zodwa. Cishe njalo, abesilisa bahlala nabesifazane ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, okukhombisa ukwethembeka kwabo nokuba nomfazi oyedwa. Futhi umuzwa onamandla kunayo yonke uthando lomzali.
Isilo esidla izinambuzane siyisilwane esidla imvelo ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi sinonya, sithanda igazi futhi siyaziphindiselela. Zilwela indawo yazo yokuhlala, izinsumpa zilwa ngolaka. Kwakukhona ngisho namacala okudla abantu kulesi sidalwa "esihle". Izilwane zenza imisindo engemnandi, ziyayihoshela futhi ziyancinza, njengamagundane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Njengoba sekushiwo, yethu isilwane esinezinkanyezi Ingabe umzingeli ohambisanayo. Ibheka inyamazane ngisho nangaphansi kweqhwa nangaphansi kweqhwa. Kodwa-ke, imenyu yayo yehluka kancane kunaleyo yezimvukuzane ezijwayelekile, njengoba izingela ngaphansi kwamanzi nayo. Ngokuyinhloko, ukudla kwayo imisundu, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo.
Izimvukuzane zibhubhisa ama-wireworms, ama-weevils, amabhere, izibungu zamabhungane ahlukahlukene nezimpukane, amacimbi. Bangadla i-slug. Emanzini, zingabamba ama-crustaceans amancane, iminenke nezinhlanzi ezincane. Kumele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi isilwane sihamba kahle kakhulu, emhlabathini nasemanzini.
Unomuzwa obukhali wokuhogela, uyakwazi ukunuka isisulu ebangeni elide. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuhamba ngokushesha phansi noma emhlabathini ovulekile, kuyamfica. Emanzini, ingancintisana nezinhlanzi ezithile ngejubane lokubhukuda.
Isilwane siminzile kakhulu, sidla izikhathi ezi-5-6 ngosuku, ngakho-ke siphoqeleka ukuthi sandise njalo indawo yaso yokuzingela. Ngemuva kokudla, lesi silwane sizigoqa sibe yibhola elincane, sifake ikhanda nemilenze ngaphansi kwesisu, bese silala amahora angaba ngu-4.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukudla kunesikhathi sokugayeka. Kwesinye isikhathi uthola izikelemu, zingalumi phansi, kepha zisebenzisa imigudu emidala. Isilwane sikhipha imiski ekhethekile eheha inyamazane. Ngisho nasebusika, izibungu ziyasebenza, zikhangwa ukushisa nephunga.
Unezitha eziningi emvelweni. Kungaba yizinyoni, nezilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye, njenge-skunk ne-marten, nezinhlanzi ezidlayo. Vele, umuntu naye waba nesandla ekushintsheni indawo yokuhlala kwesilwane. Ngakho-ke, ama-moles anekhono elimangalisayo nobuchule. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuthuthukisa kangcono umhlaba omusha.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Zikhwelana kanye ngonyaka, inkathi yokukhwelana iqala ekupheleni kukaMashi. Abesifazane abasebasha bangena kule sizini kamuva kunabantu abadala. Imibhangqwana enezinkanyezi ekwindla, futhi ihlala ndawonye kuze kuqale inkathi yokukhwelana. Ukukhuluma, babheka eduze. Ukuze zikhwelwe, zifika ngaphezulu.
Izinsuku ezingama-45, kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, insikazi ihamba ikhulelwe, bese kuzalwa amawundlu amabili kuya kwangu-7. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, umama wabo uthuthela esitokisini esifudumele, esomile, elinye lama "rest room". Itholakala kude nobuso bomhlaba kanye nomnyango omkhulu. Ama-moles amancane awathandeki ngokubukeka, anempandla, kepha ayakhula futhi akhule ngokushesha okukhulu.
Amehlo nezindlebe zivuleka ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, bese "inkanyezi" ekhaleni iqala ukukhula. Ekuqaleni, umama wabo ubondla ngobisi, kancane kancane ubanciphisa ekuphekeni kobisi. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-3-4, imvukuzane encane isivele idla njengomuntu omdala. Bayakhula, bafinyelele eminyakeni yobudala yezinyanga eziyi-10. Baphila ngokwesilinganiso kusuka eminyakeni emi-4 kuye kwengu-6.
Inzuzo nokulimaza abantu
Abalimi basaba ukuthi izinsumpa zidla izitshalo noma zidla ezimpandeni. Kodwa-ke, ngokubhubhisa izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, izimvukuzane zisiza kakhulu abantu. Bathukulula ngokuphelele inhlabathi, inhlabathi ethathwe kuma-molehill ivulekile, ayidingi ukusikwa, inesakhiwo esihle. Zibuye zibhubhise i-wireworm nebhere - izitha zaphakade engadini, amacimbi, avele adle izitshalo. Izinzuzo zayo zinkulu.
Kepha uma ama-moles ekhulele esizeni, lokhu akuseyona inzuzo. Le yinhlekelele. Badabula imibhede yezimbali, imibhede, izindlela. Zonke zimba, zibukela phansi izitshalo. Futhi babhubhisa ngokuphelele izikelemu zomhlaba, futhi lezo, njengoba wazi, nazo ziwusizo olukhulu ekwakheni inhlabathi.
Akusizi ngalutho ukucekela phansi ukuhamba kwabo, bakha ngokushesha okusha. Abantu beze namakhambi asebenzayo okulwa nenqwaba yezimvukuzane ezindaweni. Lezi yizicupho ezahlukahlukene, ubuthi, indlela yokugcwalisa izimbobo ngamanzi nezinto zokuxosha. Futhi umuntu ufundisa izinja noma amakati ukuzingela izimvukuzane. Ngayinye yalezi zindlela inokubi.
Ukusetha isicupho, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isilwane esihamba kaningi kakhulu. Kuwubudlova ukusebenzisa ubuthi ukubhubhisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, akuphephile kubantu nakwezinye izilwane. Amanzi angathelwa emigodini, kodwa kunethuba lokuthela amanzi ezitshalweni. Futhi-ke inhlabathi izoma, nezilwane zizobuya.
Ukufundisa inja noma ikati ukuzingela imvukuzane kuyasebenza, kepha yinde. Futhi, kuya ngokuthi unezilwane ezingaki esizeni. Uma kuningi, umsizi wakho ngeke abhekane nakho. Abanye bafaka amanetha emhlabathini noma bagqibe izinto ezicijile, kodwa izindlela ezinjalo nazo azijabulisi.
Indlela enobuntu futhi ephumelelayo ukufaka ama-scarers ahlukahlukene. Amasethingi omsindo abangela ingcindezi esilwaneni. Akayithandi imisindo enokhahlo namaqabunga. Kuliqiniso, imisindo ephezulu ingacasula umuntu nomakhelwane.
Kukhona abesabisayo be-ultrasonic, amakha asabisa izilwane. Kukhona izitshalo ezisusa imvukuzane esizeni ngephunga lazo, isibonelo, imidumba, imarigolds, i-lavender, i-calendula, u-garlic, u-anyanisi.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Izinwele zalo zomzimba zingagoba kunoma iyiphi indlela, lokhu kuvumela imvukuzane ukuba igijime emaphaseji ayo angaphansi komhlaba iya phambili hhayi ngekhanda kuphela, kodwa nangomsila wayo. Uqondiswe kalula esikhaleni futhi ahambe ngejubane elifanayo kuzo zombili izimo.
- Izimvukuzane azichithwa izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka, kepha kaningi kakhulu. Ukuhamba njalo emaphaseji amancane kusula uboya babo, kubaphoqe ukuthi balahle uboya obonakele kaningana ngonyaka.
- Ngokwesilinganiso sokudla okudliwayo, ucishe abe ngumnikazi werekhodi. Ngesisindo esingu-45 kuye ku-85 amagremu, idla kuze kufike kuma-gramu angama-22 wezikelemu zomhlaba ngasikhathi sinye, kanye no-50-60 amagremu ngosuku. Cishe lesi yisisindo somzimba wakhe.
- Akunconywa ukugcina ama-moles ekuthunjweni. Kumele ahlale emba phansi, ngaphandle kwalokho uzokhuluphala. Azikho izinto zokugcwalisa ezingathatha indawo yokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Ungenzi umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokumba, isilwane sizokufa.
- Ososayensi-abavubukuli abavela eDenmark banquma ukuthola ukusetshenziswa kwezimvukuzane. Bazisebenzisa njengezinjini zokusesha, ngoba labo, bemba phansi, bakhipha konke okukukho. Izinto zobuciko nazo ziwela kule nqubo.
- Izimvukuzane zinomqondo othuthuke kakhulu wokuzamazama komhlaba, "zibikezela" ukuzamazama komhlaba.
