Eziningi zazo zingasendle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zijwayele impilo yasekhaya, iminki ifaka uboya obubaluleke kakhulu kwezinye izilwane ezithwala uboya futhi ihluke kuzo ngobuhlakani bayo nobudlalayo.
Indawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokwehlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo yayicishe ibe kuyo yonke indawo, kepha ngemuva kokunquma mink njengesilwane esifuywayo, yehle kakhulu. Ukuzalelwa kwamaminki ngamapulazi woboya kudume kakhulu kulezi zinsuku, lokhu kungenxa yekhwalithi yoboya babo kanye nesidingo esandayo saso.
Incazelo nezici
Mink - Isidalwa esivela ngokulandelana kwezilwane ezincelisayo, esibonakala ngomzimba omise okwe-roller oblong. Ngokubukeka, kufana ne-ferret, bavame ukudideka omunye nomunye ngenxa yesifonyo esincane esifana nesincane, okunzima ukusibona ngoboya obukhulu, izindlebe eziyindilinga.
Isilwane sinamazinyo abukhali, ngawo singaluma kalula intende yomuntu bese silenga kuso isikhathi eside. Ukwenza isilwane sibe sengozini kakhulu futhi sivule imihlathi yaso, kufanele usithathe ngentamo usishayele emakhaleni.
Ngenxa ye-vibrissae, i-mink inobuhle obuthuthukisiwe nomqondo wokuthinta, kepha imilenze emifushane yephula amandla ayo okuhamba ngokushesha ngaphezulu. Ezidladleni kukhona izinzwane ezimbozwe ngoboya, phakathi kwazo kukhona ulwelwesi lokubhukuda, olunwetshiwe emilenzeni yangemuva. Lokhu kuvumela i-mink ukuthi ihlale intanta kahle futhi icwilise ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi iyenze igxume emhlabeni.
I-mink inamehlo amancane, futhi umbono wayo ubuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, isilwane sincike kuphela kumqondo othuthukile wokunuka. Lokhu kumnika inzuzo enkulu kunezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, ngoba angaya ekuzingeleni ngisho nasekujuleni ebusuku. I-mink ine-reaction esheshayo yombani ezintweni ezihambayo, kepha uma inyamazane ithatha indawo emile, khona-ke inethuba lokuhlala ingabonwa ngumzingeli.
Abesilisa bayahluka ngobukhulu kwabesifazane, owokuqala ngesisindo angafinyelela cishe ku-4 kg, bese owesibili afike ku-2 kg esiphezulu. Ubude, abafana bakhula bafike ku-55 cm, kanti amantombazane - afinyelela ku-cm 45. Ijazi loboya lesilwane liqukethe izinwele ezimfishane nezibushelelezi, eziphelele, ezingenamabala angenampandla, uboya obucwebezelayo.
Ukushintsha izinkathi akunamthelela nakanjani engutsheni yoboya yesilwane. I-mink ihlale inejazi eliminyene. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi angene emanzini anezinga lokushisa elicishe libe yishumi degrees Celsius ngaphandle kokuzwa amakhaza. Futhi ngemuva kokuthi iminki iphume emanzini, isilwane sihlala somile, ngoba ikhava ewugqinsi cishe ayimanzi.
Umbala wesilwane wehluke kakhulu, kusuka kokumhlophe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya konsundu onsundu. Mink emnyama yaqala ukubonwa eCanada, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngeCanada, futhi uboya balo mbala buthathwa ngokuthi "yidayimane elimnyama" futhi linentengo ephezulu kakhulu.
Izinhlobo
Phakathi kwama-mink acishe abe yizigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko. Babizwa nge-European, American, Russian kanye neScandinavia.
I-mink yaseYurophu ingabonakala eduze nemizimba yamanzi eMpumalanga Yurophu nasezifundeni zaseSiberia. Empeleni uchitha iningi lempilo yakhe emanzini, lokhu kungahlulelwa ngokubukeka mink esithombeni, inekhanda eliyisicaba kanye nolwelwesi olwakhiwe kahle phakathi kwezinzwani. I-mink yaseYurophu inezinwele ezimfushane ezenza ijazi layo elinsundu noma elimpunga libe bushelelezi futhi licwebezele.
I-mink yaseMelika evela eNyakatho Melika yehluke kakhulu kwi-mink yase-Europe ngobukhulu bayo, yinde futhi inzima, futhi inophawu olwehlukanisa ngendlela yesikhanyiso esingezansi komlomo. Umbala wemvelo wejazi ungasuka kokumnyama uye komhlophe. Okufanelekile imink emhlophekungenzeka abe ngowaseMelika.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezingane ezinomswakama seziyigugu langempela kososayensi abafuna ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha nezinhlobonhlobo, ngoba yi-mink yaseMelika kuphela enezakhi zofuzo ezikhethekile ezinomthelela oqondile emthunzini woboya bayo.
Uma i-mink yaseYurophu e-Eurasia yayingabomdabu, khona-ke eyaseMelika yalethwa ezwenikazi kamuva kakhulu ngenhloso yokuzalanisa eziqiwini. Bese kuthi, ukuze zivumelane nezilwane zasendle, izilwane zaqala ukwehliselwa enkululekweni, futhi le ndawo yaba nomthelela omubi kummink waseYurophu.
Inani eliphelele labantu balezi zinhlobo laqala ukwehla, umhlaseli wezinhlobo zaseMelika wephula umthetho waseYurophu ngokushesha. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-mink yaseMelika neyaseYurophu, naphezu kokubukeka okufanayo, yehla kokhokho abahlukene. Izimo ezifanayo zendawo yokuhlala zasiza izilwane ukuthi zithole ukufana okuphawuleka, kepha ngenxa yombango wezinhlobo, kusukela ngo-1996, eYurophu mink - isilwane seRed Book.
Umzala we-mink yaseRussia kwakuyi-mink yaseNyakatho Melika; kwakungokwezisekelo zayo ukuthi abalimi eminyakeni yama-30 yekhulu lama-20 bakhulisa lokhu kubukeka okunethezeka. "Ijazi" le-mink yaseRussia lihlukaniswa yizinwele ezinde ngokwedlulele nengubo yangaphansi ephezulu, futhi umbala usukela kokusundu uye komnyama.
Izwe lakule mink yaseScandinavia libhekwa njengeNyakatho Yurophu, kepha namuhla abantu balolu hlobo basakazekile futhi bayizilwane zoboya ezivame kakhulu (cishe ama-80%) phakathi kwabo bonke abamele lezi zilwane. it iminki ensundu ngombala ocebile, obiziwe futhi ngokulingana ngokuphelele, ubude obulinganayo, izinwele ezithambile.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-mink inomlingiswa weselula. Iyasebenza, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemanzini, lapho, ngenxa yomumo wayo womzimba ohleleke kahle, ilandelana kahle ngemilenze yayo yangaphambili nangemuva futhi ibhukuda iye phambili ngamajezi, idilika futhi ihamba phansi ngezansi.
Ngaphansi kwamanzi, isilwane esincane singafika cishe imizuzu emibili, bese siqhamuka, sithathe umoya bese siphinda isenzo. Ingozi esondelayo emhlabeni ingaphoqa isilwane ukuthi sikhuphukele egatsheni lesihlahla noma ehlathini.
UMink uyisilwane, ehola indlela yokuphila yodwa, ikhetha izindawo ezinokuthula nezicashile zokuhlala kwayo. Isibonelo, eduze nogu lwamanzi angenasawoti, imifula emincane noma amachibi anexhaphozi.
Ama-minks ahlala kumaqhuqhuva aqhamukayo azungezwe ngamanzi, noma emigodini embiwe, lapho kufanele khona ukuthi kufinyeleleke emanzini. Lezi kungaba yimigodi emidala yamagundane amanzi noma ukucindezelwa kwemvelo, lapho ama-minks ngokwengeziwe azihlomisa ngombhede wotshani noma izimpaphe.
I-mink yisidalwa esinomzimba oqinile futhi ovulekile, ukuhamba ngezinga eliphakeme, ngakho-ke ngumzingeli ofanele, angabamba futhi adle noma yisiphi isilwane esincane, kokubili emanzini nasemhlabeni. Uzitholele ukudla ngokwenza ibhizinisi alithandayo - ukudoba.
Izilwane ezisempini nale mink zingama-otter asemifuleni nezinja zasendle. Otters, ngoba zombili lezi zinhlobo zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifanayo, kepha isixuku sangaphambili siphume minks, sibe namandla, sikhulu futhi sisheshe. Futhi izinja, ngephunga, zithola izidleke zezilwane ezithwala uboya futhi zibhubhise inzalo yazo, yize zingeyona ingozi kangako kubantu abadala.
I-mink iningi lasebusuku, yingakho ungavami ukuwabona kusihlwa noma ekuseni ngakusasa eduze nemizimba yamanzi. Kusukela kwimikhondo esele, umuntu angahlulela ubukhona be-mink endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye. Imibhalo yakhe yezidladla iyafana neye-ferret, kepha inkulu futhi iyindilinga eyengeziwe. I-mink ihamba ezindleleni ezifundwayo nsuku zonke, imaka insimu ngephunga nangamamaki abukwayo.
Okusebenzayo kakhulu kuba mink entwasahlobo, lapho izimpawu zokuqala zokushisa ngokocansi zivela kwabesifazane futhi kuqala, kanye nasekwindla, lapho izilwane ezincane zihlaliswa kabusha futhi kufunwa okungcono kakhulu kokuhlala, amadamu anokuthula nokuzola.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwama-minks kusekelwe ezinhlanzini ezincane zomfula. Njengoba isilwane sivame ukuthola ukudla kwaso ngokudoba, ama-perches, i-tench, ama-minnows, ama-gobies aba yisisulu saso. Isilwane esinoboya asikuphikisi ukudla ezinye izilwane ezincane eziseduze nemizimba yamanzi: ama-mollusks, amaxoxo, i-crayfish noma amagundane omfula. Ngenxa yobukhazikhazi nobuchule bayo, i-mink iyakwazi ukulinda futhi ibambe inyoni yasendle, i-squirrel encane noma i-muskrat.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho ukuzingela kuvela ukuthi akunazithelo, iminki yezinhlobo zaseYurophu isekelwa izimpande zezihlahla, ama-lingonberry asendle kanye namajikijolo asezintabeni, futhi bathola imbewu. Ngokusondela kobusika, izilwane zigcina izinhlanzi namajikijolo, zikubeka ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala. I-mink yaseMelika incamela ukudla i-crayfish, kuye lokhu kudla okumnandi kune-tastier kunezinhlanzi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-mink ayikwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu embonini yezinhlanzi, ngoba idla izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingezona ezentengiselwano. Ebusika, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo kumele zizingele kuphela emhlabathini, njengalawo madamu ayekade eyindawo yokuzingela abe yiqhwa.
Kulokhu, iminks namanye amagundane aqedwa ngenkuthalo ngemink ebusika kunasehlobo. Ngakho-ke, i-mink inakekela imvelo futhi ilawula inani lamagundane amancane alimaza imvelo. Kudingeka kuphela amagremu angama-200 okudla ngosuku nge-mink ejwayelekile ukwanelisa indlala.
Angalihlukanisa leli nani lokudla libe yizidlo ezingama-4-9 ngosuku. Uma okuphakelayo okutholakalayo kungaphezu kwalesi silinganiso, khona-ke isilwane esimatasa sizoshiya izinqolobane emgodini waso. I-Mink ingathathwa njengesilwane esihlekisayo, ithanda ukuzitika ngezidalwa eziphilayo, futhi izothinta inyama ebolile kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4 zendlala. Ngakho-ke, umhlaseli uvuselela njalo amasheya awo ukuze angahlangabezani nale nkinga.
Uma sikhuluma ngamaminks ahlala ekuthunjweni, khona-ke ajwayele ukondliwa ngezinhlanzi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi okusanhlamvu, imifino kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi. Amapulazi ezilwane namapulazi aqapha ngokucophelela ibhalansi yokudla kwezilwane, ngoba ikhwalithi incike kuyo mink fur.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi se-rutting (ukukhwelana ngokocansi) kumaminki senzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, okungukuthi kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi. Ukuze kukhiqizwe kabusha, abesilisa bakhetha abesifazane ngokuya ngendawo yabo (uma imink isondela, kukhuphuka amathuba okuhlangana ngokuhlanganyela).
Uma abesilisa abaningana befaka isicelo sowesifazane oyedwa ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke umzabalazo uqala phakathi kwabo futhi onolaka kakhulu ekugcineni uthola ithuba lokuhlangana ne-mink ekhethiwe, bese bonke abanye beyofuna. Endle, izimbungulu zohlobo olufanayo azikwazi ukukhwelana (ngokwesibonelo, EYurophu mink naseMelika), imibungu yabo ehlanganisiwe iyafa ngemuva nje kokuvela.
Ukukhulelwa kweMink kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-40 kuye kwezingu-72 (kuya ngohlobo, indlela odla ngayo kanye nendlela ophila ngayo). Ngenxa yalokho, owesifazane oyedwa anganikeza inzalo yama-2-7 amawundlu, kanti ezinhlotsheni zaseMelika, le brood ingaba yizilwane ezifika kwezili-10.
Ama-mink azalwa emancane, cishe awamboziwe ngoboya futhi angaboni ngokuphelele. Zikhula ngokushesha, ukondla ngobisi kuthatha izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-2, bese amawundlu ashintshela ekudleni umama akutholayo. Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi ababambi qhaza empilweni yenzalo yabo futhi bahlala ngokuhlukana.
Ngesikhathi senyanga eyodwa, iminki iqala ukukhombisa ukusebenza, izingane ziziphatha ngokudlala, futhi ngoJulayi sezivele sezikhulile ngokwanele (kuze kufike kwengxenye kasayizi kamama) ukuze ziphume emgodini.
Ngo-Agasti, ekugcineni bayakhula, bafinyelele usayizi wabantu abadala, baqale ukuzingela bodwa futhi bazitholele ukudla, futhi ekugcineni bashiye ikhaya labo lobuzali. Ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwezinkukhu, ama-mink ngokuzimela aqala ukuhlomisa imingxunya yawo eduze kwamachibi nemifula eseduzane.
Kwabesifazane, ukuthomba kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-10-12 futhi kuze kufike eminyakeni emi-3 kukhona izinga eliphezulu lokuzala, bese kwehla. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ngeminyaka eyi-1.5-2. Isikhathi sokuphila semikinki esezindaweni zasendle sisukela eminyakeni eyi-8 kuye kwayi-10, futhi ekuthunjweni sicishe siphindwe kabili futhi singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15.
Indawo yokwabiwa kwama-mink endaweni engaphansi kokulawulwa komuntu ihlala incipha. Izilwane ezinoboya zithanjiswa ngabantu, ngenxa yokuthamba kwazo ziba yinto ebalulekile yokutholwa kwemfuyo namapulazi anoboya. Ngakho-ke, abantu, ababandakanyeka ekuzaleni ama-mink, bagcina amandla okulawula izinhlobo zezilwane ezahlukahlukene.
