Ezweni likapholi kakapo, noma upholi wesikhova, uthathwa njengeNew Zealand, lapho abebehlale khona izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zinyoni ukungakwazi kwazo ukundiza ngokuphelele.
Lokhu kwenziwa lula yizindawo lapho iminyaka eminingi zazingekho izidalwa zemvelo ezazingasongela impilo yalezi zinyoni. Igama langempela, kakapo, lanikezwa laba bantu bomdabu baseNew Zealand abanamaphiko, abanikele izinganekwane eziningi kubo.
AbaseYurophu abafikayo, abavela okokuqala kulezi zindawo, banikeza izinyoni igama elehlukile - isikhova kakapokusukela ithole ukufana okumangazayo ekuhlelweni kwezimpaphe ngesimo sefeni evulekile ezungeze amehlo enyoni enesikhova.
Kanye nabokufika abavela eYurophu, inqwaba yezilwane ezifuywayo zafika eziqhingini, futhi inani labakwa-kakapo laqala ukwehla ngokushesha. Futhi ngeminyaka yama-70s yekhulu lamashumi amabili, yafinyelela ezingeni elibucayi - abantu abayi-18 kuphela, ngisho nalabo kwakungabesilisa.
IKakapo inephunga elimnandi elikhangayo
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, kwesinye seziqhingi saseNew Zealand, kwatholakala iqembu elincane lalezi zinyoni, iziphathimandla zalelizwe ezazivikela ukuze zivuselele abantu. Njengamanje, ngenxa yomsebenzi wamavolontiya, inani lopholi selifinyelele kubantu abayi-125.
Incazelo nezici
Upholi waseKakapo - Le yinyoni enkulu impela enezwi elithile elikhulu, elifana nokububula kwengulube, noma ukukhala kwembongolo. Njengoba lezi zinyoni zingakwazi ukundiza, izimpaphe zazo zilula futhi zithambile, ngokungafani nezinye izihlobo ezindizayo ezinophaphe oluqinile. Upholi wesikhova cishe akawasebenzisi amaphiko akhe kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuphenywe kusuka phezulu esihlahleni kuye phansi.
Inyoni yaseKakapo inombala oyingqayizivele oyivumela ukuthi ingabonakali phakathi kwamahlamvu aluhlaza esihlahla. Izimpaphe ezikhanyayo ngokuluhlaza okotshani kancane kancane zikhanya eduze kwesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amachashaza amnyama asakazeke kuyo yonke izimpaphe, anikeze ukufihla okuhle.
Esinye sezici zempilo yalezi zinyoni ukusebenza kwazo ebusuku. Emini, bavame ukulala, kuthi ebusuku bayodoba. IKakapo yizinyoni ezikhetha ukuhlala zodwa; zizifunela izithandani kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ukuze baphile, bakha imisele emincane noma izidleke emifantwini enamadwala noma emahlathini aminyene ehlathini.
Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zinyoni iphunga lazo elithile. Banikeza iphunga elimnandi, elimnandi, elikhumbuza uju lwezimbali. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngokwenza njalo, baheha izihlobo zabo.
UKakapo esithombeni kubukeka buhlaba umxhwele. Lezi zopholi zinesisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinyoni zomndeni wopholi: isibonelo, isisindo sowesilisa singafinyelela kuma-4 kilograms, insikazi incane kancane - cishe ama-3 kilograms.
IKakapos igijima kahle futhi ingahamba amabanga amade
Ngenxa yokuthi le nyoni cishe ayindizi, inemilenze ekhule kahle kakhulu, eyenza kube lula ukugxuma phansi futhi ikhuphuke ngokukhulu ukushesha ngeziqu zemithi. Ngokuyisisekelo, la ma-pholi ahamba phansi, ngenkathi ebeka amakhanda awo phansi. Ngenxa yezidladla zabo eziqinile neziqinile, ama-kakapo akwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikahle futhi anqobe amakhilomitha ambalwa ngosuku.
Upholi wesikhova unesici esiyingqayizivele: ama-vibrissae atholakala ezungeze uqhwaku, avumela inyoni ukuba izulazule kalula esikhaleni ebusuku. Lapho uhamba phansi, umsila omfushane uhudula, ngakho-ke imvamisa ubukeka ungabukeki kahle.
Izinhlobo
Phakathi kweqembu lamapholi, ososayensi bahlukanisa imindeni emibili emikhulu: ama-parrot nama-cockatoo. Eziningi zazo, njengekakapo, zihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi nezimpaphe ezikhanyayo. Iningi labo lihlala emahlathini ashisayo ashisayo.
Phakathi kwezihlobo zabo eziningi, ama-kakapo ahlukile: awanakukwazi ukundiza, anyakaze kakhulu emhlabathini futhi asebusuku. Izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu yi-budgerigar ne-cockatiel.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
UKakapo uhlala amahlathi emvula amaningi eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand. Indlela yabo yokuphila ilungisiswa ngokuphelele ngegama, elihunyushwe lisuselwa olimini lwesiMaori, izakhamizi zomdabu zalezi zindawo, "kakapo" kusho "upholi ebumnyameni."
Lezi zinyoni zithanda impilo yasebusuku ngokuphelele: emini zicasha phakathi kwamahlamvu nezihlahla, kuthi ebusuku zihambe amabanga amade ziyofuna ukudla noma umlingani ohlangane naye. Upholi uyakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha ahloniphekile ngasikhathi sinye.
Umbala othize wezimpaphe usiza ukungabonakali phakathi kwamahlamvu neziqu zemithi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusizi kangako ekulweni nama-martens namagundane, avele eziqhingini ngokufika kwabaseYurophu.
Kwesinye isikhathi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugwema ubungozi bokudliwa ngumzingeli ukungakwazi ukuhamba ngokuphelele. Kulokhu i-kakapo izuze ukuphelela: esimweni esinengcindezi, uyakwazi ukubamba ngokushesha endaweni.
UKakapo, upholi ongakwazi ukundiza
Akumangalisi ukuthi amahlathi emvula aseNew Zealand akhethwe yile nyoni. Ngaphezu kokuzifihla okuhle ngaphansi kwamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani, upholi unenqwaba yokudla kulezi zindawo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isisekelo sokudla kwale nyoni ikakhulukazi ukudla kwezitshalo, okunothile emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-25 zezitshalo ezishisayo zibhekwa njengezifanele izinkukhu. Kodwa-ke, izibiliboco ezithandwa kakhulu zithathwa njengempova, izimpande zezitshalo ezisencane, utshani obuncane, nezinhlobo ezithile zamakhowe. Futhi akabudeleli ubulembu, amafern, imbewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, amantongomane.
Upholi ukhetha amahlumela amancane athambile ezihlahlana, izingcezu zawo ezingaphulwa ngosizo lomlomo ovele kahle. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokudla okususelwa ezitshalweni ngokuphelele, le nyoni ayikuphikisi ukuzitika ngezibankwa ezincane, ezifika ngezikhathi ezithile emkhakheni wayo wokubona. Uma inyoni isekuthunjweni, isibonelo, e-zoo, iyathanda ukuphathwa ngento emnandi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana salezi zinyoni sisekuqaleni konyaka: kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uqala ukuheha owesifazane ngenkuthalo, ngenkathi ekhipha imisindo ecacisiwe ukuthi insikazi ingezwa amakhilomitha ambalwa kude.
Ukuheha umlingani, owesilisa uhlela izidleke eziningana ngendlela yesitsha, exhunywe ngezindlela ezinyathelwe ngokukhethekile. Ngemuva kwalokho uqala ukwenza imisindo ethile esitsheni.
Sisebenza njengohlobo lwesibuyisi, isitsha sandisa ivolumu yemisindo ekhishiwe. Insikazi iya ocingweni, kwesinye isikhathi idlula ibanga elihloniphekile, bese ilinda umlingani esidlekeni esilungiselelwe yena ngokukhethekile. I-kakapo ikhetha umlingani wayo womshado kuphela ngezimpawu zangaphandle.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sihlala cishe izinyanga ezine zilandelana, kanti ama-kakapo wesilisa agijima amakhilomitha ambalwa nsuku zonke, esuka kwesinye isitsha eya kwesinye, eheha abesifazane ukuba bakhweshane. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, le nyoni incipha kakhulu emzimbeni.
Ngokufana kwayo nezimpaphe zesikhova, ikakapo ibizwa ngepholi
Ukuheha ukunaka komlingani amthandayo, owesilisa wenza umdanso othize wokukhwelana: evula uqhwaku lwakhe eshaya amaphiko akhe, uqala ukuzungeza insikazi, enze imisindo ehlekisayo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, owesifazane uhlaziya ngokucophelela ukuthi umlingani uzama kangakanani ukumjabulisa, bese kwenzeka inqubo emfushane yokukhwelana. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi iqala ukuhlela isidleke, bese umlingani ahambe ayofuna umlingani omusha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokufukamela amaqanda nokuqhubekisela phambili ukukhulisa amatshwele kwenzeka ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwakhe. I-kakapo yesifazane yakha isidleke ngokuphuma okuningana, iphinde ibeke umhubhe okhethekile ukuze amaphuphu aphume.
Ku-clutch yesikhova sesikhova, kuvame ukuba neqanda elilodwa noma amabili. Zifana namaqanda ejuba ngokubukeka nangosayizi. Achamisela amachwane isikhathi esingangenyanga. Umama uhlala namachwane aze afunde ukuzinakekela.
Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, umama akalokothi ashiye isidleke amabanga amade, ngaso sonke isikhathi abuyele endaweni lapho kungabizwa khona okuncane. Amachwane akhulile ahlala okokuqala ngqa budebuduze nesidleke sabazali.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, ama-kakapos akhula futhi avuthwe ngokocansi kancane kancane. Abesilisa baba ngabantu abadala futhi bakwazi ukuzala kuphela lapho beneminyaka eyisithupha, nabesifazane ngisho kamuva.
Futhi ziletha inzalo kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine. Leli qiniso alibambiqhaza ekukhuleni kwesibalo sabantu, futhi ukuba khona kwezilwane ezingazideleli ukudla lezi zinyoni kubeka lolu hlobo onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
Abaningi banesithakazelo ku mangaki amakapo ahlala ku-vivo. Lezi zopholi zinesibindi eside: zinempilo ende kunazo zonke - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-95! Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zibhekwa njengezinye zezinhlobo zasendulo kakhulu emhlabeni.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Njengoba upholi wesikhova usengcupheni yokuqothulwa, iziphathimandla zaseNew Zealand zilandela inqubomgomo yokongiwa kwemvelo futhi zizama ukuzala ama-kakapo eziqiwini nakuma-zoo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyoni azizimisele kakhulu ukuzalela ekuthunjweni.
AmaKakapos awasabi abantu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abanye abantu baziphatha njengamakati asekhaya: bathanda abantu futhi bathanda ukuphululwa. Ngokunamathela kumuntu, bayakwazi ukucela ukunakwa nokudla okumnandi.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siwela esikhathini sokuthela kwesihlahla iRimu, izithelo zaso ezakha isisekelo sokudla kopholi besikhova. Iqiniso ngukuthi izithelo zalesi sihlahla esiyingqayizivele zinevithamini D. Le vithamini ibhekele amandla okuzala alezi zinyoni eziyingqayizivele.
Isihlahla seRome siwukuphela komthombo wamavithamini enanini abalidingayo. Ngokufuna ubumnandi abuthandayo, bayakwazi ukukhuphuka emadwaleni nasezihlahleni baye endaweni ephakeme ngokwedlulele - kuze kufike kumamitha angama-20.
IKakapos ingahlangana njenge-grouse emnyama ngesikhathi sokukhwelana
Emuva esihlahleni kwehle Impukane kakapo welula amaphiko nge-engela yama-degree angama-45. Izimpiko zayo ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo azizange zikulungele ukundiza okude, noma kunjalo, zivumela umuntu ukuthi ehle ezihlahleni ezinde futhi anqobe ibanga lamamitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-50.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhasa inani lamapholi eminyakeni lapho iRomeu ingatheli izithelo, ososayensi bondla ukudla okukhethekile kwe-kakapo ngokuqukethwe okudingekayo kukavithamini D ukusiza izinyoni zikhule inzalo enempilo.
Lezi yizinhlobo zopholi kuphela ezishaya njenge-grouse emnyama ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Basebenzisa “isikhwama somphimbo” ukwenza imisindo ethile. Futhi imisindo eyenziwe yibo ibizwa nangososayensi "njengamanje". Ngesikhathi sokubizwa komlingani, owesilisa uyakwazi ukwengeza izimpaphe, futhi ngaphandle kubukeka njengebhola eliluhlaza okotshani.
IKakapo njengamanje isengcupheni yokushabalala. Lokhu, okokuqala, kwakusiza izizwe zasendaweni ezazibabambela ukudla. Futhi ngokuthuthuka kwezolimo eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand, izakhamizi zendawo zaqala ukugawula kakhulu amahlathi ukuze kutholakale indawo yokutshala ama-yam namazambane - kumar.
Ngakho-ke, ngokungahlosile ukuncisha i-kakapo indawo yayo yemvelo. Akukho monakalo omncane obangelwe abantu baseYurophu, abalethe amakati nezinye izilwane ezidla inyama yopholi kulezi zindawo.
Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinyoni azenzelwanga impilo yokuthunjwa, amakhulu eminyaka abantu bazamile ukuzigcina emakhaya abo. Isibonelo, eYurophu, ikakhulukazi, eGrisi yasendulo evela eNdiya, lezi zinyoni zalethwa okokuqala ngomunye wojenene ogama lakhe lingu-Onesikrit.
Ngalezo zinsuku eNdiya kwakukholakala ukuthi upholi kufanele uhlale endlini yabo bonke abantu abahloniphekile. Lezi zinyoni zathola ukuthandwa nothando lwamaGreki ngaso leso sikhathi, khona-ke izakhamuzi ezicebile zaseRoma lasendulo zaba nesithakazelo kuzo.
Intengo yeKakapo ifinyelele kakhulu, ngoba wonke umuntu ocebile ozihloniphayo wayekubheka njengomsebenzi wakhe ukuba nenyoni enjalo. Lapho uMbuso WaseRoma uwa, amakapoto nawo anyamalala emakhaya aseYurophu.
I-kakapo yesibili yafika eYurophu ngesikhathi sezimpi eziningi. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni zazivame ukufela endleleni, ngakho-ke kuphela abamele izikhulu eziphakeme kakhulu ababekwazi ukuzigcina ekhaya.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Njengoba i-kakapo ibhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, ukuthengiswa kwayo nokunakekelwa kwayo ekhaya akuvunyelwe. Lokhu kulandelwa eduze ngabalondolozi bemvelo eNew Zealand. Kunezijeziso ezinzima zokuthenga nokuthengisa lezi zinyoni njengoba kubhekwa njengecala. Ukubuyisa inani labantu bezinhlobo, ososayensi baqala ukuqoqa amaqanda abo bawafaka eziqiwini ezikhethekile.
Lapho, amaqanda abekwa ezikhukhukazi ezifukanyelayo, bese ziyawaqandusela. Njengoba ama-kakapos cishe engazaleli ekuthunjweni, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokubasindisa ekuqothulweni ukubathuthela ezindaweni lapho bengeke besatshiswe yizilwane ezizingelayo. Emhlabeni jikelele, kunenyoni kuphela yalolu hlobo ehlala nabantu - iSirocco. Njengoba ichwane elichanyuselwe lalingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nempilo ezimweni zemvelo.
