Enye yezinhlobo zikashaka ezivame kakhulu i-katran. Emhlabeni ibizwa ngokuhlukile - iBlack Sea prickly shark, ubunqunu ngisho nenja yolwandle. Akuyona ingozi kubantu.
Incazelo nezici
Katran - lena inhlobo encane kashaka, ubude bayo obufinyelela kumamitha angaphezu kwesigamu nohafu, futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-12 kg. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo ezinkulu. Uma uqhathanisa katrana esithombeni nge-sturgeon, ungathola ukufana okuningi.
Ukwakheka kwezidumbu nokwakheka okukude kukhombisa ukuthi kungokweqembu elifanayo. Phakathi kwamaphiko angaphambili nangemuva, womabili anezinhlobonhlobo zeminyango ezicishe zifinyelele usayizi wamaphiko. Futhi ne-notochord, egcinwe kuzo zombili izimpilo zabo.
U-Katran ungumbhukudi omuhle onomzimba omncane ohlelekile. Kubhekwa njengelungele kakhulu izinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ihamba ngokushesha emanzini ngenxa yomsila wayo, okuthi, njengokugwedla, kusize ukulinganisela emanzini. Ummango we-cartilaginous kanye namaphiko amakhulu kusiza ukwenza ukunyakaza kwe-oscillatory futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isivinini.
Umzimba we-katran, olungele ukuzingelwa, umbozwe izikali ezinzima ezinsundu ezimpunga namazinyo amaningi abukhali. Cishe awekho amathambo emzimbeni kashaka, kukhona kuphela uhlaka lwamathambo olukhona, olukuvumela ukuthi lube lukhuni futhi lube namandla. Amathambo lawa asiza kakhulu ukukhanyisa isisindo somzingeli wasolwandle, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki.
Ngaphezulu kwamehlo, kunemifudlana emincane enamagatsha anemicu emincane. Zibizwa ngama-blades. Ushaka, njengabanye abameleli, unomlomo omkhulu, okhomba ngokuma kwe-crescent nemigqa eminingana yamazinyo efana namazinyo. Ziyi-vertex eyodwa futhi zihlelwe ngemigqa eminingi.
Bayamsiza, njengomzingeli omuhle, ukubhekana ngokushesha nesisulu futhi bayisikhali esikhulu. Ngokukhuthala uhlafuna inyamazane ngamazinyo amaningi, futhi akayigwinyi iphelele. Amazinyo ukuphela kwesitho esakhiwe ngamathambo. Ingxenye esele yomzimba uqwanga nenyama.
UKatrana uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi inja yasolwandle noma ushaka obabayo.
Ushaka akagwinyi isilwane sonke, kodwa ngokuhlafuna ngokucophelela ngamazinyo amaningi. Amehlo makhulu, njengezinkinobho zengilazi. Inamehlo amahle kakhulu. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlanzi ngoba ayinayo i-anal fin ne-gill cover. Izici zocansi azivezwa kahle, zingahlukaniswa kuphela ngosayizi - insikazi ihlale ibukeka inkulu kuneduna.
Katran ushaka owaziwa ngokungazi ukuthi angabubona kanjani ubuhlungu. Inamandla okuthatha amaza aphansi e-infrasound futhi ahlukanise iphunga. Ngenxa yokuvuleka kwamakhala okungena emlonyeni, ikwazi ukubona iphunga lesisulu esizayo, elisinikeza ngokwesaba. Uzwa iphunga legazi amakhilomitha amaningi.
Umbala omnyama wangemuva, izinhlangothi nombala okhanyayo wesisu kumsiza ukuba azifihle ngaphansi kolwandle. Lokhu kuyenza icishe ingabonakali emanzini. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo zombala ompunga - wensimbi onamabala amaningi amnyama. Izulazula kalula izikhala zamanzi. Ulayini we-lateral ozwelayo uyamsiza kulokhu, uvumela inhlanzi ukuthi izwe ukudlidlizela okuncane kwamanzi.
Phakathi koshaka, i-katran inosayizi omncane kakhulu
Izinhlobo
UKatran ungummeleli ovelele we-oda elifana ne-katran futhi ungowomndeni we-spiny shark. Zingezesibili ngokwesilinganiso sobuningi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ithathwa njengenye yezinhlanzi eziphephe kunazo zonke nezincane kunazo zonke.
Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukungabi khona kwe-anal fin nokuba khona kwamabili okubuyela emuva. Oshaka abanjalo baphefumula ngosizo lwama-gill slits. Ukuchazwa kokuqala kwalolu hlobo kwenziwa usosayensi uKarl Liney maphakathi nekhulu le-18.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-25. Phakathi kwazo:
- inja kashaka;
- I-katran yaseJapane;
- eningizimu katran;
- I-spiny shark yaseCuba;
- i-katran enekhala elifushane;
- i-katran yomsila omnyama;
- u-spiny shark uMitskuri.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, baneqembu labo lezinhlobo.
I-black sea shark katran - Yilolu kuphela uhlobo oluhlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussian Federation. Uhlala amakhulu eminyaka endaweni yoLwandle Olumnyama. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esipholile nokudla okuningi, izinhlanzi zizizwa zikhululekile. OLwandle Olumnyama zingatholakala zombili ebusweni bamanzi nasebunzimeni. Kodwa lolu hlobo lukashaka lutholakala kolunye ulwandle nolwandle, kungukuthi abantu abaningi kakhulu bahlala komnyama.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
UKatran uhlala cishe kuwo wonke umzimba wamanzi. Izimpilo eziseduze nogu ekujuleni okungajulile. Akathandi ukuba semakhazeni noma emanzini afudumele kakhulu.
IHabitat - umbuso wobumnyama obuncane bendawo esogwini lwamanzi. Ikhetha ukujula kusuka kumamitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-200. Uma amanzi eqala ukuphola, bese ekhuphuka asondele ngaphezulu. Ukungathandi ukushisa okubandayo akumvumeli ukuba abhukude aye osebeni lwe-Antarctica nangaphezulu kweNhlonhlo YaseScandinavia.
Kubonakala kuphela ebusweni ebusuku. Umdliwayo wasolwandle uzizwa kahle ngokulinganayo kuwo womabili amanzi ahlanzekile nawayele. Umzimba wakhe ukhiqiza izindlela zokulawula uketshezi olunosawoti.
Imvamisa, ungathola izinhlanzi:
- oLwandlekazi iPacific;
- I-Indian Ocean;
- ULwandle iMedithera;
- ULwandle Olumnyama;
- ngasogwini lwe-Atlantic;
- ogwini oluseningizimu yeNew Zealand ne-Australia;
- ngasogwini lwaseYurophu nase-Asia.
Ngemuva kwe-katran kunameva anamafinyila anobuthi
Unamandla okuqina futhi uzizwa ekhululekile ngokulinganayo kokubili eMnyama naseLwandle iBering, iBarents nolwandle i-Okhotsk. Kwesinye isikhathi ubhukuda angene oLwandle Olumhlophe. Yize uKatran ethanda ukuhlala eduze nogu, uyakwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside ukuze athole ukudla. Ekufuneni izisulu zezinja zasolwandle kungabhubhisa izinhlanzi ezithengiswayo, kulimaze amanetha okudoba, futhi kudle okubhekwayo. Ngakho-ke, abantu ababathandi.
Ngithakazelela i ingabe i-katran kashaka iyingozi kumuntu, lapho-ke awekho amacala akhonjwe ukuthi angahlasela uma ethintwa. Kuyinto ephilayo enokuthula engeyona ingozi. Akathinti abantu emanzini.
Kepha, uma uzama ukuyithatha ngomsila noma ukuyishaya, ingakuluma. Kuyingozi nokuyithinta ngenxa yokuba khona kwameva acijile angakulimaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhipha amafinyila anobuthi, okuthi uma ungena egazini lomuntu, ungadala ukuvuvukala okukhulu.
Umzingeli uqobo angazithola esesimweni esiyingozi bese eba isisulu sezinyoni ezinkulu. Ama-sea gulls ayathanda ukumhlasela. Bakhulisa ushaka ngaphezu kwamanzi, bahamba nawo ngobuciko baya nawo ogwini, futhi ukuze kube lula ukubamba kamuva, bayishaya ematsheni.
Esinye isitha sikashaka yinhlanzi ye-hedgehog. Uma isemphinjeni, iyabambeka kuyo inamathele ezinalweni, ngenxa yalokho ushaka ongasuthiseki ubulawa yindlala. Kodwa-ke, ingozi enkulu kakhulu ku-katran yizinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, i-killer whale. Njengoba ihlasele ushaka, ifuna ukuwufulathela umhlane ukuze kube lula ukubhekana nesisulu.
Ithinta inani lezinhlobo nabantu abasebenzisa inyama futhi ushaka katran isibindi ukudla. Inyama kaKatran imnandi, ithenda kakhulu futhi inempilo yokudla. Ngokungafani nabanye oshaka, ayinalo iphunga le-ammonia. Inenani eliphakeme emakethe kunenyama ye-herring futhi ayiphansi kune-sturgeon ekunambithekeni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-katran shark ayinakubizwa ngesilwane esiyingozi, kepha kulezo zindawo lapho ubukhona bayo bukhulu khona, ingozi enkulu idalwa ukudoba. Izinhlanzi zentengiso ziyabhujiswa. U-Katran, njengabo bonke oshaka, unesibindi futhi uhlala elambile.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuze aphefumule, kudingeka aqhubeke nokunyakaza. Lokhu kudla amandla amaningi, okufaka esikhundleni sokudla okungapheli. Ukwanelisa indlala, izingela izinhlanzi ezincane nezisemaphakathi, okuhola impilo yokufunda. Kungaba:
- ama-sprats;
- umbumbulu;
- ikhodi,
- uhlobo lwenhlanzi;
- i-anchovy;
- i-herring;
- i-flounder;
- udoti;
- izimila zasolwandle;
- ingwane;
- anemone.
Uma ingekho inhlanzi eyanele yokudla, ushaka omncanyana uzondla nge: jellyfish, octopus, shrimp, crabs, algae. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ama-katrans nawo angakha imihlambi yokuzingela amahlengethwa. Lezi zamuva ziba zincane lapho kunabantu abaningi boshaka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
UKatrana kungabhekiswa kwabaneminyaka eyikhulu. Isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka engama-25. Kushiwo izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezi-ovoviviparous. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaqanda abo ayakhiwa, kepha awafakwa. Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngeminyaka eyi-11. Ngalesi sikhathi, sebenobude obucishe bube yi-1 m.
Abesifazane bavuthwa kamuva - lapho beneminyaka engama-20. Isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka entwasahlobo. Inqubo yokukhulelwa kwamaqanda yenzeka ngokuhlangana kwangaphakathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-katrans aya ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-40. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqanda avela kuma-oviducts abesifazane. Bafika cishe ngo-4 cm ububanzi. Ikuma-capsule izinyanga ezingama-22. Lesi isikhathi eside kakhulu sokukhulelwa kubo bonke oshaka.
Le ndlela yokuzalwa ineqhaza ekukhuleni kwesibalo sabantu baseKatran. Ivumela ukuvikela gazinga ekufeni esigabeni sama-roe. Umuntu angazala kuze kufike kuma-20 ngasikhathi. Zizalwa entwasahlobo. Usayizi kashaka katran lapho kuzalwa kungamasentimitha angama-25 - 27. Phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ukondla okufriziwe kusuka esikhwameni se-yolk, lapho kubekwa khona izakhamzimba.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, izingane azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokudla. Bakulungele ukuhola oshaka ngendlela ejwayelekile. Ukuphela kwento owesifazane ayenzela yona ukukhetha indawo yokuzala izingane emanzini angajulile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngabo ukuthi bathole ukudla okufana nefry kanye nezimfanzi. Lapho ifry ikhula futhi iqina, umama ubayisa endaweni ejulile lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi ezinkulu.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Oshaka bahlala beguqula amazinyo abo, amasha akhula esikhundleni sokuwa. AmaKatrans abizwa ngokuthi indoda eyodwa. Babheka umfazi oyedwa. Owesilisa ngamunye, ngemuva kokukhetha umlingani, unelungelo lokuvundisa insikazi yakhe kuphela. Unameva omkhulu, okusikiwe kuwo, okufana nesihlahla, kunamasongo wonyaka anquma iminyaka.
Isikali sifana nosayizi omncane kakhulu we-sandpaper, kepha sihlala isikhathi eside. Kwesinye isikhathi amaKatrans aqothulwa ekuphishekeleni isikhumba sawo, esisetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinkuni. ECanada eminyakeni engama-50 yekhulu elidlule, uhulumeni wasungula imiklomelo yokubhujiswa kwalolu hlobo. Isizathu kwaba umonakalo omkhulu embonini yokudoba.
I-Katran yaba ngushaka wokuqala ukubanjelwa uwoyela wezinhlanzi. Benza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile okulandela imithetho eqinile. Oshaka bakha izikole ezinkulu, behlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokobulili nangosayizi.
Uma ushayela, ingakhula ngesivinini esikhulu, kepha ayisebenzi ukwehlisa ijubane. Ukudla koshaka okubiza kakhulu yisobho elimnandi, elibhalwe ku-Guinness Book of Records. Kuphekwe emaphikweni. Ngaphambi kokuhlasela isisulu, uyasifunda, enze imibuthano azungeze sona futhi uzohlasela uma isisulu sibuthakathaka.
Inani lokudla okunomsoco wesibindi se-spiny shark liphezulu, elivunwa njengomthombo obalulekile kawoyela wezinhlanzi namavithamini A no-D. Iphesenti lalezi zinto lidlula lelo lezinhlobo ze-cod.
Emazweni asenyakatho, kusetshenziswa amaqanda e-katran, aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi kunamaqanda enkukhu. Ama-gourmets aseMpumalanga ajabulela inyama katran. Ungakwazi ukubilisa, ukuthosa, ukubhema. Zisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izifundo zesibili, i-balyk, ukudla okusemathinini, ufulawa, i-barbeque kanye ne-steak.
Kwezokwelapha, izidakamizwa zenziwa ngoqwanga lwabantu abahlushwa izifo zohlelo lwamathambo. Into enamathelayo etholakala emiqolo, emaphikweni, nasemathanjeni ekhanda isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-glue.
Katran, ushaka ongahlaseli abantu kuqala
Isiphetho
I-Katran yisidalwa sasolwandle esimangalisayo esasinda kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Phakathi kolwelwe oluminyene ingahamba kalula futhi ngomusa. Lokhu akuyona inhlanzi ethakazelisa ukuyibuka kuphela, kodwa futhi nomkhiqizo wokudla obalulekile, ngokungafani nezinye izidalwa ezifanayo.
Ukubanjwa kwayo okukhulu osebeni lwe-Atlantic Ocean kukhanseliwe. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani le-katran liyancipha futhi njengamanje lisohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
