Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ezingapheli, umndeni wama-penguin uhlala endaweni ekhethekile. Azikwazi ukundiza futhi zibukeke njengamahlengethwa, ikakhulukazi lapho zibhukuda emanzini. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sesikhumba esibushelelezi, zimbozwe izimpaphe, zinamaphiko amabili amafushane bese zibekela amaqanda. Ngakho-ke, babekwa njengezinyoni.
Igama elithi "penguin" linemvelaphi emithathu engaba khona. Eyodwa - evela egameni le-auk engenamaphiko engasekho eyake yahlala ogwini olusempumalanga yeCanada ("ipeni eliphakathi" - ikhanda elimhlophe, kusho uWelsh).
Ngaphambi kokutholakala kwe-Antarctica, babebizwa ngokuthi "ama-penguin". Amatilosi, ebona ngokokuqala ngqá eNingizimu Yezwe izinyoni eziyimfihlakalo ezimnyama nomhlophe, adonsela ukunaka ekufaneni ne-auk engenamaphiko. Lokhu mhlawumbe yingakho babhabhadiswa ngaleyo ndlela.
Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluthile lwemvelaphi evela egameni lesiNgisi elithi "pinwing" - "wing-hairpin". Yilokhu kuphela futhi, okwake kwabhekiswa kwi-auk engenazimpiko, kwakuyizimpiko zayo ezazicijile. Inketho yesithathu ivela egameni lesiLatini elithi "pinguis", elisho ukuthi "obukhulu". Okungenani le nguqulo iqinisekiswa ngumzimba wezinyoni owondlekile kakhulu.
Kulo mndeni, okuphawuleka kakhulu kukhona ama-penguin asebukhosini... Sijwayele ukubabiza ngokulula - inkosi yama-penguin. Zimele uhlobo olufanayo futhi ziyafana kakhulu, kuphela ngosayizi abahlukene.
Babizwa kanjalo ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuphakama kwabo. I-Imperial - enkulu kunazo zonke, eyasebukhosini - nayo inkulu, yize incane kuneyokuqala. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi izimpaphe zabo zikanokusho nokuma kwabo okuhle nakho kube nomthelela kuleli gama.
Amaphengwini azulazula ngemilenze emifushane ngokuhehayo nangokuhlekisayo, okusithokozisayo. Sithintwa yindlela yabo yokuhambahamba ezindaweni ezinamakhaza ase-Antarctica, kanye namaphiko abo amancane, njengezibambo, nokuthi kwesinye isikhathi bazishaya kanjani ezinhlangothini zabo.
Amachwane amancane ashibilika ahlekisa kakhulu eqhweni naseqhweni, njengabagijimi. Lo mlingiswa we-photogenic futhi ohlukile uvame ukuheha ababhali, abenzi bamafilimu nabenzi bama-animators. Sikhumbula ikhathuni enhle yaseJapane ethi "The Adventures of Lolo the Penguin", eyaqoshwa ngo-1986-87.
Ngokushesha uzuze uthando emhlabeni wonke. Kwakukhona nekhathuni elidume kakhulu elithi "Catch the Wave!" mayelana nezinyoni ezifanayo ezibukekayo. Izingane zethu zithanda uphengwini uPina, iqhawe likaSmeshariki. Futhi iqembu lonke lama-penguin libamba iqhaza kwifilimu edumile yama-animated iMadagascar.
Emazweni ase-Antarctic, isithombe sabo singesesibili ukuthandwa kuphela kumfanekiso weSouth Cross. Iphengwini lingabonakala kumafulegi nasezifanekisweni, ezinhlamvwini zemali nezindondo, kwizitembu nasemakhadini okuposa. Kukhona ngisho neklabhu yasePittsburgh Penguins eNHL. I-penguin encane iwuphawu lohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Linux.
Incazelo nezici
King penguin ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1. Inomlomo ocekethekileyo nonomusa ukudlula owenkosi. Umbala womlomo ubomvana ngokuphuzi. INkosi Penguin Isisindo isukela ku-9 kuye ku-17 kg. Insikazi incane, owesilisa mkhulu. Ikhanda lenyoni linombala omnyama. Ezinhlangothini, eduze ngemuva kwekhanda, kunezindawo ezikhanyayo ze-orange ezinombala ophuzi.
Umphimbo udwetshwe ngombala ofanayo, ngesimo se-frill, phezulu uyakhanya, ngaphansi kwawo uyakhanya, kancane kancane ukhanyisa ube mhlophe. Isisu senyoni simhlophe qwa. Ingemuva namaphiko kumnyama nge-silvery sheen, izingxenye ezingaphezulu nezingezansi zomzimba zihlukaniswe ngomugqa omnyama.
Umzimba uminyene, uqine phakathi, ubukhali ngaphezulu. Ikhanda lincane, uqhwaku nalo lincane, luqondile, luqinile, lunemiphetho ebukhali. Izimpiko zifana namaphiko, ngisho nezimpaphe kuzo zibukeka njengezikali. Ama-paws aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amnyama, anezintambo zokubhukuda.
Inhlamvu yeso ingavuma futhi ikhulise ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke le nyoni ibona kahle emanzini, ngisho nasekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100. Ingqimba yeso iyisicaba, okubenza babe i-myopic encane emhlabeni. Izindlebe, njengezinyoni zonke, azibonakali kangako.
Lapho zitshuza, zimbozwa izimpaphe ezinde ukuze kungangeni amanzi. Baxhumana emhlabeni besebenzisa imisindo efana nophondo lwentambo. Ukukhulumisana ngaphansi kwamanzi kuthule.
IKing penguin ifanekiselwa - umuntu ohlonishwa ngempela. Izimpaphe zalo ziyefana nengubo. Ukuma kwekhanda kuphakeme nokuma komzimba okumangazayo kunezela ebuhleni. Njengoba usesimweni sokubanda kwamakhaza, lo mhlali wezindawo eziseNingizimu usinda ngenxa yezimpaphe ezinemigqa eminingi.
Lezi zingqimba zingabalwa zize zifike kwezine, ziminyene impela, futhi phezulu kwazo kugcwele amafutha, ngakho-ke, kungangeneki emanzini e-ice. Izintathu ezingezansi zisetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa okushisayo. I-wetsuit emangalisayo.
Iphuphu alinaso isendlalelo sezimpaphe, kanti ezinye ezintathu zingumkhuhlane onsundu ofudumele. Igcina ingane ifudumele, kepha ayiyigcini emanzini. Ngakho-ke, abangeni emanzini aneqhwa e-Antarctica kuze kube yiminyaka emibili.
Lesi sidalwa sikwazi ngisho ukuphuza amanzi anosawoti. Iqhwa elincibilikayo alanele ukuqeda ukoma kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabahlali bamakoloni. Iqhwa linzima kakhulu, kunzima ukulihlephula ngomlomo. Ngakho-ke, imvelo inakekele izidalwa ezimangalisayo.
Ubanikeze izindlala ezikhethekile ezisezingeni leso ezihlunga igazi kasawoti. Baxosha usawoti emakhaleni ngesimo sesixazululo esinamandla esiconsisa emlomeni wephengwini.
Futhi, i-physiology imvumela ukuthi angajuluki futhi angakhiphi umchamo. Bakubuyisela nge-uric acid ngendlela yoketshezi olumhlophe olunamafu. Lezi zinyoni zinesimo sokuqapha nesokonga kakhulu uketshezi.
Izinhlobo zepenguin
Umndeni wama-penguin uhlanganisa imihlobo eyi-18. Ikhwalithi yabo ejwayelekile ukungakwazi ukundiza. Ngenkinga ezweni, babhukuda kahle kakhulu. Izitho zangaphambili zifana namaphiko kuwo wonke umuntu. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu:
1. Esikhulu kunazo zonke i-emperor penguin. Ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela ku-1.2-1.4 m, isisindo cishe singama-23 kg. Izimpaphe zimnyama futhi zimhlophe ngokufakwa okukhanyayo okukhanyayo ezihlathini nasentanyeni. Idilika ngokujula kakhulu, kuze kufike kumamitha angama-500. Imvamisa zizingela njengeqembu.
2. I-Adelie Penguin. Lona ummeleli wokuphakama okuphakathi, cishe u-70 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-7 kg. Ukuhlelwa kwezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezungeze amehlo.
3. I-penguin e-crested ayilona uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwe-penguin. Ungafika ku-60 cm ubude futhi unesisindo esifinyelela ku-3 kg. Ngenhla kwamehlo kunomugqa onombala we-ocher futhi uphume izimpaphe ezimnyama ekhanda ngesimo sohlamvu. Amehlo abomvu. Kukhona abamele enyakatho naseningizimu.
4. IMacaroni penguin yinhle impela. Ayizinde kakhulu, ngaphansi kwezingu-80 cm, izimpaphe ezinombala wegolide zitholakala ngapha nangapha nasekhanda.
5. Iphengwini elincane kunazo zonke. Unobude obungamasentimitha angama-40 kuphela futhi unesisindo esingaba ngu-1.5 kg. Izimpaphe ezingemuva, izimpiko nekhanda azimnyama, kepha ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama. Uyindoda yomndeni eqotho ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kwama-penguin. Idala ipheya elilodwa lempilo yonke. Bahlala ikakhulu eningizimu ye-Australia. Bemba osebeni lomgodi. Zitshuza kancane, kuze kufike kumamitha angama-50. Amaqanda afukamela izinsuku ezingama-30-40.
6. I-penguin enamehlo aphuzi yokuphakama okuphakathi, cishe ama-80 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-7 kg. Amehlo azungezwe umngcele ophuzi. Imihlwenga noqhwaku kubomvu. Ungahlali ngamaqembu. Ziyivelakancane kakhulu; cishe azikho izinkulungwane ezingama-4,000 zabantu abadala ezisele.
7. IChinstrap penguin efinyelela ku-70 cm ubude, isisindo esifinyelela ku-5 kg. Okhakhayini kukhona umucu omhlophe wezimpaphe kusukela endlebeni kuye endlebeni. Ukubhukuda emabangeni amade kakhulu, kuyakwazi ukusuka ezweni kuze kufike ku-1000 km. Idilika ekujuleni kwama-250 m.
8. I-subantarctic noma i-gentoo penguin iyinyoni enkulu impela. Ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-90 cm, isisindo kuze kufike ku-9 kg. Kuphawuleka ngokuhleleka okumhlophe okuzungeze amehlo. Ihamba ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi, ithuthukise isivinini esifinyelela ku-36 km / h.
9. IGalapagos Penguin ihlukile lapho ihlala khona. Nguye kuphela ohlala eduze nenkabazwe, ebhukuda emanzini afudumele ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo. Isifanekiso sincane, sifinyelela ku-50 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-2.5 kg. Ngeshwa, lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengezisengozini. Manje sekusele imibhangqwana yabantu abadala engaba ngu-2 000.
10. I-penguin ebonakalayo, futhi imbongolo, unyawo olumnyama noma i-Afrika. Yenza imisindo njengokukhala kwembongolo. Uhlala eningizimu ye-Afrika. Ukukhula okuphakathi nendawo, kufika ku-70 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-5 kg. Kunomugqa omise okwehhashi elimnyama esiswini. Eduze kwamehlo kunephethini efana nezibuko.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
IKing penguin ihlala khona engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Antarctica. Izwe lakubo iziqhingi ezincane ezinesimo sezulu esipholile eduze kwase-Antarctica neziqhingi eziseduze naseTierra del Fuego. Lapho bahlangana emakoloni, baphile, bazalane. Ngezinye izikhathi zingatholakala eningizimu yeChile nase-Argentina.
Emhlabeni, zihamba kabi ngemilenze emibili, zizisiza ngamaphiko amancane, njengezandla. Kepha olwandle zihamba ngokumangalisayo. Isikebhe sazo esilungisiwe sizisiza ukuba zibhukude ngokushesha, zinqobe izilwandle ezinolaka. Zidilika futhi zintante phezulu ngisho nasesiphepho esinamandla kakhulu. Inhloso yokubhukuda kwabo ukuzingela.
Babamba inyamazane emanzini - izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, ama-crustaceans kanye nemizimba ethambile. Imvamisa bazingela bodwa, kepha bakhetha ukuhlala eqenjini. Kukhona isiyalo nobukhosi esigabeni. Indawo enhle iphakathi nendawo, ifudumele kakhulu futhi iphephile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zinyoni zihlale emhlabeni, kodwa zibe nendawo evulekile yolwandle. Izitha eziyingozi kakhulu emvelweni yazo yizimpawu zezingwe, izimvu zamanzi nemikhomo ebulalayo. Amantshontsho angahlaselwa ama-skuas ansundu noma ama-petrels. Kepha okubi kakhulu nokuyingozi kubo kwakuyindoda eyayizizingela ngenxa yamanoni nenyama, futhi ngenxa yesikhumba.
Zincibilika kanye ngonyaka. Izimpaphe ezintsha zibonakala zidudula ezindala zikhishwe "engubeni yakhe yoboya". Ngemuva kwalokho izinyoni azibhukudi zilinde i-molt endaweni ecashile. Kuleli qophelo, bayaphoqeleka ukuba babulawe yindlala.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Imenyu yasebukhosini iqukethe izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi zasolwandle. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwabo ulwandle. Babamba ama-anchovies, i-Antarctic silverfish, i-herring, i-sardine, i-krill, i-shrimp, i-squid kanye ne-shellfish ehlukahlukene.
Ukuze baphile emakhazeni, badinga ukudla okunomsoco. Ukuhlala ezimeni ezahlukahlukene, bazivumelanisa nokudla kwasendaweni. Isibonelo, abanye abantu badoba kakhulu ama-crustaceans, yize kufanele badonswe kaningi ukuze bathole okwanele.
Benza kusuka ku-190 kuya ku-800-900 dives. Kuya ngezimo zezulu, izidingo zokudla nohlobo lwepenguin. Izinyoni ezidla izinhlanzi zisebenzisa amandla amancane ukuzingela. Zimunca inyamazane encane emlonyeni wazo njengepompo, kanye namanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa noma ukufukamela amaphuphu, aphoqeleka ukuba alambe. Ngemuva kwalokho kuze kube uhhafu wesisindo somzimba kulahleka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Lezi zinyoni zinikela ngokungathi sína ingxenye ebalulekile yezimpilo zazo ekuzalaneni. Ngentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, babuyela ezindaweni zabo ezindala zokwakha izidleke, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuyaqala ukukhula ngamandla. Ama-penguin enkosi aphile ngenkathi yokuzalanisa ngamaqembu amaningi.
Zonke zigcwele ndawonye endaweni eyodwa, kuthi lezo ezingalingani zingene emanzini. Izinyoni ezisemhlabathini ziklelisa njengebutho lamasosha, hhayi ngemigqa kuphela, kodwa nangobude. Abantu abasha - endaweni eyodwa, i-molting - kwenye, ukufukamela abesifazane - kwesithathu, nabesilisa - kwesine.
Zinesikhathi eside kakhulu sokuzalela kunoma iyiphi inyoni. Kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-14-16 ukusuka emshadweni nasekubekeni amaqanda kwenzalo. Ama-penguin angazala ngenjabulo minyaka yonke, enza konke okusemandleni ukwenza lokhu, kepha ajwayele ukuwathola kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa abakwazi ukuhlanganyela nabesifazane.
Ngemuva kwalokho ungabona ukulwa phakathi kwabafakizicelo. Kepha ukukhetha kuhlala nowesifazane. Sebenqumile ngabashadikazi, benza umdanso omuhle womshado. Azenzi izidleke, kepha zikhetha izindawo zomhlaba ezincibilikisiwe eqhweni ukuze zibekwe. Lapho, bamba izimbobo ezijulile enhlabathini efriziwe.
Isidleke siqukethe umgodi futhi singaba sijule impela. Kwesinye isikhathi imigoqo enjalo ixhunyaniswa ngamaphaseji angaphansi komhlaba. Imigwaqo ebushelelezi iholela endaweni yokwakha izidleke, njengezindlela zomgwaqo. Owesifazane ubeka iqanda elilodwa kwizidladla zakhe, alifihle ngaphansi kwesibaya sesisu.
Futhi izinsuku ezingama-55, ngokushintshana noyise bamgcina kuphela kulesi sikhundla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zingantshontshana uma amaqanda azo ebulawa. Isimo sabo somzali sihle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lo mbhangqwana uqaphe iqanda lawo, imini nobusuku.
Nini inkosi penguin chick uzelwe, omunye wabazali uya olwandle ayofuna ukudla. Owesibili uhlala futhi umfudumeze ngemfudumalo yakhe. Futhi lokhu kuhlala kuze kube yilapho ingane ifunda ukufudumala ngokulawula ukushisa komzimba. Ingane ikhula ngaphansi kokunakekelwa ngonina ngokucophelela. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyoni zasendle cishe siyiminyaka engama-20-25. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle e-zoo, bekukhona abantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu kuze kube yiminyaka engama-35 ubudala.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Amaphengwini acwila ngokujula ngoba abona kalula emanzini angakhanyi kahle. Umfundi wabo unekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuthola isivumelwano ngokushesha nokwandisa. Bangabona ngisho nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-pigment spectrum yomfundi kukhombisa ukuthi onophaphe ubona kangcono engxenyeni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunombala obomvu. Mhlawumbe, leli khono lavela njengomphumela wokuzivumelanisa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Abaningi bayizwile indaba ehlekisayo kaMikhail Zadornov mayelana ne "penguin flipper". Kukhona isosha elikhethekile ezinhlwini zaseMelika elitakula izinyoni eziguquliwe ekuqothulweni. Futhi bawa ngomhlane, baphakamise amakhanda abo phezulu babheka izindiza nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezindiza phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho abakwazi ukuvuka ngokwabo. Kwenzeka eziQhingini zaseFalkland.
Ama-penguin amasela angempela. Abantshontshi iqanda kuphela kubazali abakhukhulayo, kodwa futhi namatshe amatshe okubeka umakhi. Ama-penguin esifazane akhetha emadodeni amabili elilodwa elijiyile. Ivikela iqanda ngokuthembeke ngokwengeziwe emasongweni alo esiswini ngesikhathi sokufukamela okushintshanayo.
AbakwaLinux Torvalds bakhethe iphengwini njengesibonakaliso sohlelo lwayo lokusebenza ngoba yake yangena e-zoo le nyoni yaluma umunwe wayo. Okhokho be-penguin babona ama-dinosaurs, lokhu kufakazelwa yizinsalela ezitholakele zezinhlobo zasendulo zale nyoni, ezitholwe ososayensi. Iminyaka yabo icishe ibe yiminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-60.
Izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi kololoni eliphambukele eqenjini eliminyene lifinyelela kuma-35 ° С, kanti ngaphandle liphansi kakhulu, kususwe u-20 ° С. Kwesinye isikhathi bashintsha izindawo ukuze bagcine abanye befudumele, bebonisa isizotha nesihe esingandile.
