Isiqhingi esikude saseMadagascar, esingesesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, sesinesikhathi eside siheha amatilosi nososayensi ngemfihlakalo nokungajwayelekile kwawo. Lapho seqhekekile ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, manje ikhombisa umhlaba wonke indawo eyingqayizivele yemvelo, esakhiwe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Le ndawo engajwayelekile iyikhaya lezilwane eziningi ezingasekho e-Afrika uqobo kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.
Incazelo nezici
Enye yezinhlobo ezitholakala eMadagascar kuphela fossa... Isidliwayo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esiqhingini esinesisindo esifinyelela ku-10 kg. Kodwa-ke, kungaba nezilwane ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-12kg. Izihlobo ezandulele lolu hlobo zingama-fossas amakhulu. Zazinkulu kakhulu ngosayizi. Zonke ezinye izimpawu ziyefana.
Ukuvela kwalesi silwane esingajwayelekile kuvamile. Isifonyo sifana nepuma. Ngemikhuba yalo yokuzingela isondela eduze kwekati. Ihamba futhi ngokuguquguqukayo phakathi kwezihlahla nezinsika. Izinyathelo ezinezidladla ngokuphelele, njengebhere. Yize kungekho neyodwa yazo ehlobene.
Inomzimba ominyene futhi omude onomlomo omncane, onezimpondo ezinde. Ukukhula kuseduze nosayizi we-spaniel. Amehlo makhulu futhi ayindilinga, ahlotshiswe nge-eyeliner emnyama. Okubenza bachaze kakhudlwana. Izindlebe ziyindilinga futhi zinesimo esikhulu. Umsila wesilwane mude njengomzimba. Kumbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane neziminyene.
Imilenze mide, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ibe nkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambili kufushane kakhulu kunangemuva. Kuyasiza ukwanda isivinini sokugijima se-fossa futhi njalo kuvela njengonqobayo empini yokufa. Ama-paw pads cishe awunaboya bezinwele. Uhamba ngokunyenya nangokushesha okukhulu okungaba nzima ukulandela umkhondo.
Imvamisa inombala onsundu ombi, futhi iyehluka ngomthunzi ohlukahlukene kulo lonke ubude bomzimba. Engxenyeni yekhanda, umbala ucacile. Kwesinye isikhathi kunabantu abanombala ompunga okhanyayo ngemuva nasesiswini. Okumnyama akuvamile kakhulu.
IFossa inezindlala zangasese nezisabekayo ezifihla imfihlo yombala okhanyayo onephunga elithile eliqinile. Kunenkolelo phakathi kwabahlali bendawo ukuthi uyakwazi ukubulala izisulu zakhe. Abesilisa bahlala njalo bebakhulu kunabesifazane. Lezi zokugcina zinikezwe isici esingasatholakali kunoma yisiphi isilwane.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kocansi, izitho zangasese zesifazane ziyafana nezesilisa, bese kukhiqizwa uketshezi oluwolintshi. Kepha lokhu kuguqulwa kuyanyamalala eneminyaka emine, lapho umzimba ungena ekuvundiseni, ngakho-ke imvelo ivikela i-fossa yabesifazane ekuhlanganiseni kwasekuqaleni.
Izilwane athuthukiswe ngokuphelele:
- ukuzwa;
- umbono;
- umuzwa wokuhogela.
Bangakwazi ukwenza imisindo ehlukile - kwesinye isikhathi bayabhonga, banciphise noma bahonqe, okukhombisa ukuduma kofisi olunolaka. Ukuheha abanye abantu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukukhala okuphezulu nokude. Inyama yesilwane kubhekwa ukuthi iyadliwa, kepha abantu bendawo abavamile ukuyidla.
Izinhlobo
Kuze kube muva nje, isilwane esincelisayo esidliwayo besibhekwa njengesibawu. Ngemuva kokutadisha ngokucophelela, yabelwa umndeni wabaluki baseMadagascar, umndeni omncane we-fossae. Umzingeli unezimpande ezihlobene nomongoose.
Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka esithombeni fossylapho-ke ungabona, ukuthi isilwane sibukeka njengengonyamakazi. Akumangalisi ukuthi abomdabu abahlala kulesi siqhingi bayibiza ngokuthi yingonyama yaseMadagascar. Azikho izinhlobo ezihlukile ze-fossa.
Indlela Yokuphila
IFossa ihlala kuphela endaweni enesihlahla yesiqhingi, kwesinye isikhathi ingena e-savannah. Isidlakela saseMadagascar ingxenye enkulu sihola indlela yokuphila enesizungu emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelana. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa iphishekela inyamazane ingakhuphuka ngesihlahla.
Isilwane sihamba ngokushesha, sigxume njengesikwele sisuka egatsheni siye egatsheni. Umsila omude omude umsiza kulokhu, okuhlanganisa nomzimba oguqukayo, okuyi-balancer. Kanye nezinyawo eziqinile neziminyene ezinamajoyini aguquguqukayo nezinzipho ezibukhali.
Isizumbulu asimhlomiseli indawo yokuhlala unomphela. Kujwayelekile kakhulu fossa uyaphila emhumeni, kumbiwa umgodi noma ngaphansi kwesiqu somuthi esidala. Uyazi kahle insimu yakhe futhi akabamukeli abantu angabazi kuyo. Imaka indawo yayo ezungeze ipherimitha ngephunga elibulalayo. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlanganisa indawo efinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-15. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho iphumule ekuzingeleni, ingacasha ngemfoloko esihlahleni noma emgodini.
Iyazi ukuthi icasha kanjani kahle ngenxa yokuhluka kombala wayo, okukuvumela ukuthi uhlangane nombala we-savannah. I-Foss futhi iyabhukuda elihle kakhulu elithola ngokushesha nangobuhlakani inyamazane yalo emanzini. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthola isisulu futhi kusiza ukubalekela ezitheni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngokwemvelo fossa isilwane Ungumzingeli ongenakuqhathaniswa nomuntu odla inyama onolaka ohlasela izilwane nezinyoni. Ngenxa yamazinyo abukhali kanye nomhlathi onamandla, uyaziqeda ngokushesha. Engafuni ukuhlanganyela inyamazane, uhlala ezingela yedwa. Ukudla komzingeli kuhlukahlukene, kungaba:
- izingulube zasendle;
- amagundane;
- izinhlanzi;
- ama-lemurs;
- izinyoni;
- ezihuquzelayo.
Isisulu esifiswa kakhulu kuye yi-lemur. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-30 zazo esiqhingini. Kepha, uma kungenzeki ukubamba i-lemur, ingadla izilwane ezincane noma ibambe izinambuzane. Uyakuthanda nokudla inkukhu futhi uvame ukuyintshontsha kubahlali bendawo. Uma isilwane sikwazi ukubamba inyamazane, siyibamba ngokuqinile ngezidladla zayo zangaphambili bese ngasikhathi sinye sidabula imihlathi ebukhali yekhanda lesisulu, singasishiyi nethuba.
Umzingeli onobuqili uvamise ukuhlasela esuka ekuqamekeleni, alandelele phansi futhi alinde isikhathi eside endaweni ecashile. Ingabulala kalula ngempango enesisindo esifanayo. Idume ngeqiniso lokuthi, ngenxa yokuthanda igazi, imvamisa ibulala izilwane eziningi kakhulu kunalokho engakudla. Ukuze ululame ngemuva kokuzingela okukhathele, ifossa idinga imizuzu embalwa.
Zikulungele ukuhola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo ubusuku nemini. Kodwa-ke, zithanda ukuzingela ebusuku, kuthi emini ziphumule noma zilale emgodini ofihlwe ehlathini eliminyene. Babheka inyamazane yabo kuso sonke isiqhingi: emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, emahlathini, nasemasimini. Ekufuneni ukudla, bangangena e-savannah, kepha bagweme indawo enezintaba.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Isikhathi sokuhlangana sikaFossa siqala ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane zinolaka kakhulu futhi ziyingozi. Abakwazi ukuqapha indlela abaziphatha ngayo futhi bangahlasela umuntu. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, insikazi ikhipha iphunga elinamandla le-fetid eliheha abesilisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, angazungezwa ngabesilisa abangaphezu kwabane.
Ubuningi buqala phakathi kwabo. Ziyaluma, ziyashayana, ziyagquma futhi zenza imisindo esongelayo. Insikazi ihleli esihlahleni, iyabuka futhi ilinde owinile. Ukhetha indawo enamandla kunayo yonke ukukhwelana, kepha kwesinye isikhathi angakhetha abesilisa abaningana.
Ophumelele ugibela esihlahleni kuye. Kepha, uma owesilisa engayithandi, ngeke amvumele. Ukuphakamisa umsila, ukufulathela, nokukhipha izitho zangasese kuyinkomba yokuthi owesifazane usekwamukele. Ukukhwelana e-fossa kuthatha cishe amahora amathathu futhi kwenzeka esihlahleni. Inqubo yokukhwelana iyefana nezenzo zezinja: ukuluma, ukukhotha, ukububula. Umehluko ukuthi kokugcina kwenzeka emhlabeni.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi se-estrus sowesifazane oyedwa, abanye besifazane lapho i-estrus ithatha indawo yayo esihlahleni. Njengomthetho, kowesilisa ngamunye kunabalingani abaningi abangahle bamlungele ukukhwelana. Abanye besilisa bangaya ukufuna eyedwa besifazane.
Imidlalo yokukhwelana ingahlala isonto. I-fossa ekhulelwe ifuna indawo ephephile yokucasha futhi ibeletha izingane eziningana ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasebusika (Disemba-Januwari).
Ubuye wabandakanyeka ekubakhuliseni bodwa. Kunamawundlu angafika kwamane embhedeni owodwa. Zifana kakhulu namazinyane amazinyane: amancane, angaboni futhi angenakuzisiza, enomzimba ombozwe nge-fine down. Isisindo cishe amagremu ayi-100. Kwabanye abamele izinhlobo ze-civet, kuzalwa ingane eyodwa kuphela.
UFossa wondla abasha ngobisi izinyanga ezingafika kwezine, yize kusuka ezinyangeni zokuqala, inyama iyondliwa. Izingane zivula amehlo emasontweni amabili. Ezinyangeni ezimbili sezivele zikwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni, kuthi ngezine ziqale ukuzingela.
Kuze kube yilapho izidalwa sezikhulile, zifuna inyamazane kanye nonina, ofundisa amawundlu ukuzingela. Ngonyaka nohhafu, izingane zeFoss ziyaphuma endlini zihlale ngokuhlukana. Kepha kuphela ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni emine, baba ngabantu abadala. Abancane, abasala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa ngumama, bazingelwa izinyoka, izinyoni ezidla ezinye, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izingwenya zaseNayile.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila kwesilwane ezimweni zemvelo sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-16 - 20. Isilwane esidala kunazo zonke kubikwa ukuthi sife sineminyaka engama-23. Ekuthunjweni, ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Namuhla sekusele cishe izinkulungwane ezimbili zamathambo esiqhingini futhi inani labo lehla ngokushesha.
Isizathu esiyinhloko esifaka isandla ekwehleni kwenombolo ukubhujiswa okungacabangi nokubi ngabantu. Ukuhlaselwa kwesilwane esidlayo ezilwaneni ezifuywayo kubangela ubutha kubantu bendawo. Abomdabu izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka bahlangana ngokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela futhi bababhubhise ngokungenasihawu. Ngakho-ke, bakhipha intukuthelo yabo ngokwebiwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukuze badonse isilwane esinobuqili ogibeni, bavame ukusebenzisa iqhude elibukhoma eliboshwe umlenze. IFossa inokuvikela okukodwa kuphela kubantu, njenge-skunk - indiza enukayo. Ngaphansi komsila wakhe kunezindlala ezinoketshezi oluthile, olukhipha iphunga elinamandla.
Ezinye izizathu eziba nomthelela ekuqothulweni kwazo ukutholakala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezingadluliselwa ngokusebenzisa izilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kunomthelela omubi kubo. Amahlathi nawo ayagawulwa, lapho kuhlala khona ama-lemurs, okuwukudla okuyinhloko kwe-foss.
Isiphetho
Kuze kube manje, i-fossa yaziwa njengohlobo olusengozini futhi ibhalwe kuRed Book. Abantu abasele babalelwa ku-2500. Kuthathwa izinyathelo zokulondoloza inani lezilwane ezingandile esiqhingini.
Amanye ama-zoo emhlabeni aqukethe lesi silwane esingajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, bazama ukulondolozela lezi zinhlobo inzalo. Impilo ekuthunjweni ishintsha imikhuba nesimilo sesilo. Banokuthula ngokwengeziwe emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, abesilisa kwesinye isikhathi bangaba nolaka futhi bazame ukuluma abantu.
Kodwa-ke, kuphela ezimweni zemvelo lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele nesikhethekile esingabonisa ukwehluka kwaso. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi fossa nemadagascar - ahlukaniseki.
