Umuntu omdala kwehle ezandleni zomuntu kufana nethoyizi eliphilayo elithambile. Baze babalwa naseGuinness Book njengezinyamazane ezincane kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinkawu zemifino zihlala eNingizimu Melika, eColombia, eBrazil, e-Ecuador, eBolivia, ePeru, ogwini lwemifula nasezihlahleni zamahlathi.
Njengoba kuphuma ilanga, leli koloni, elibandakanya amalungu omndeni owodwa, liqala impilo esebenzayo. Kusihlwa, wonke umuntu ubuyela ezindaweni zakhe zokulala eziya emigodini yakhe, bona ngokwabo abayinyathela ngeziqu zezihlahla.
Incazelo nezici
Ososayensi bezilwane benza ucwaningo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke izazi ze-ethologists zihlola imikhuba, imikhuba, ifa nokuziphatha okungokwemvelo kwabantu abasendaweni yokuhlala kanye nokuthunjwa, bachaza ngokuningiliziwe izici zebhayoloji lohlobo ngalunye.
Ama-Primatologists afunde ama-primates ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula kwawo, anquma indawo yawo phakathi kwezilwane:
- ngohlobo lwezingxabano, uhlobo nezinhlobo zemifino;
- umndeni wama-marmosets;
- isigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo;
- i-infraclass placental;
- iqembu lamabhulu;
- i-suborder ekhaleni elomile;
- i-infraorder ebanzi ngamakhala.
I-Pygmy marmoset futhi i-lemur yegundane incintisana ngesihloko sesilwane esincane kunazo zonke ngamapharamitha. Banobude:
- umzimba - 14 cm;
- umsila - 23 cm;
- isisindo - 149 amagremu.
Ubukhulu be-marmoset ejwayelekile bukhulu kakhulu lapho belinganiswa - umzimba onenhloko wawungu-26 cm, umsila ungama-36 cm ubude, futhi ngesisindo - amagremu angama-321.
Yonke ingxenye yomzimba ipendwe ngemibala egqamile:
- emzimbeni, uboya obunombala onsundu kanye ne-tinge ephuzi;
- umsila ufakwe ngemibuthano empunga;
- ichopho lomsila nebunzi limakwe ngamabala akhanyayo;
- isisu esinezitho siwolintshi;
- ubuso bekhanda buhlanganiswe nemivimbo emhlophe.
Lezi zidalwa azikhuli izingwejeje eziningi, lapho kungekho mehluko obonakalayo we-anatomical sex. Umzimba wonke wezilwane umbozwe kakhulu ngezinwele ezinde ezithambile; ukuvuthwa kumakwa ngezinwele ezindlebeni. Abancane abanazo. Uzipho lwezitho lubanjwe esiqwini nasemagatsheni. Ngamazinyo ngesimo sama-incisors abukhali ama-2, ama-primates gouge grooves esihlahleni, lapho bechitha khona ubusuku.
Endle ziyaduka ziye emakoloni amancane. Lapho izindlala zikhipha imfihlo, zimaka indawo yazo yokuhlala, indawo yokuzingela. Kule mingcele balwa nokugqekezwa kwabantu bangaphandle.
Ezingxabanweni, ama-marmosets enza umsindo, enza ukunyakaza okusongelayo, kwesinye isikhathi kukhulunywa ngokulwa. Zethusa isitha, zingavala amehlo, zigobise imihlane, futhi zivuthulule noboya bazo. Kwesinye isikhathi bayayithola, yize isitha sithola ukubuyiselwa.
Izidalwa ezincane azihlukile ezinkawini ezinkulu, lolu hlobo lwesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo luyahamba, luyadlala, luyazihlanzela uboya lona kanye nomndeni wonke. Benza imisindo ethokozisayo - ukutshiyoza, belingisa izinyoni.
Izinhlobo
Inani lamaphiko omndeni we-marmoset selisabalele ngenxa yokuzala okusebenzayo. Izinhlobo ezingama-40 zibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Kepha izazi zebhayoloji, abalondolozi bemvelo bakhala i-alamu, benxusa abazingeli ukuthi basindise izilwane ezincelisayo ezivela kuhlobo lomhlanga ekuqothulweni. Inani labo eliphezulu labamba iqhaza elibi. Izinkawu zibanjwa hhayi kuphela kuma-zoo noma ezinkulisa, kepha futhi zibanjelwa nokugcinwa kwekhaya.
Ukunakwa okukhethekile komuntu okhangwe kwehle:
- ezivamile noma ezinamalebe amhlophe;
- into encane - uyi-marmoset;
- ibhubesi.
Uhlobo ngalunye lufanele ukuvikelwa kwizazi zemvelo kanye nezinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo. Ama-marmosets amancane asebenza ngokushesha, anobungane, kulula ukuwaqeqesha. Isifonyo sipendwe ngemigqa emhlophe elingisa amadevu. Ijazi elide liyamangaza futhi lifana nomsila.
Inkawu ijikisa ikhanda layo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, inamazinyo ama-2 kuphela ngesimo sezinsimbi ezivelayo. Ubude bemilenze yangemuva bude kunangaphambili, izitho ziyasunduza bese zigxumela phezulu, uzipho lubambelela ngokuqinile esiqwini somuthi.
Amaphara angamalungu e-infraorder anekhala ebanzi, ngoba anesikhumba se-nasal esikhulisiwe ngamakhala asontekile. Imvamisa ikoloni likhula lifike kumalungu ayi-16, lapho abazali bebabili bephethe, ososayensi bagcizelela ukuzinza okuzinzile.
I-marmoset enezindlebe ezimhlophe ubukhulu bayo bufana nesikwele. Isilwane sisheshe sijabule, simemeze kakhulu, uma sesaba, ngokuzumayo sishayeka endaweni eyingozi. Isimo esinamandla siqala ekuseni kakhulu, lapho ilanga lishona, umhlambi ubuyela endaweni yokukhosela. Abantu abakhulu nabo bangabomndeni we-marmoset. Bangobuhle bangempela, imvelo yabo iklonyelisiwe:
- izinwele ze-silky;
- umsila omude;
- umcebo ocebile;
- ukuveza imizwa;
- umbala.
Okokuqala amabhubesi ezimabhubesi zachazwa umhambi wendela. Ubaqhathanise namakati afana nezinkawu afana namazinyane engonyama. Hhayi kahle, kepha ngokunembile, umJesuit udlulise umbono wakhe wezidalwa ezikhanyayo, ezinolaka.
Esithombeni kukhona ibhubesi i-marmoset
Ngezembatho eziningi, izinkawu zathola igama eliyingqayizivele ekuhlukanisweni kwezilwane. Izinwele zabo ezinde, njengezenkosi yezilwane, zimboza ikhanda lonke ngokunethezeka, ngisho nasezihlathini. Yindawo encane kuphela esigaxeni sefulethi ehlala ingakhuli ngokweqile. Izilwane zinesisindo esingu-700 amagremu, zikhula zifike ku-77 cm, uma zilinganiswa ukusuka esihlokweni kuye ekugcineni kwomsila.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inkawu ka-Igrunka inelukuluku, imvelo yakhe yamvuza ngokuhamba okusebenzayo, ukuzijabulisa nokuhlanzeka. Izilwane azibonwa zinolaka. Kuphela ukungena kwabaphikisi kule ndawo ephawuliwe okwenza umholi athathe ukuma okwethusayo, afinyanise ubuso, ashuthe izindlebe zakhe. Ngomsila ogobile njengepayipi, itshengisa ukuthi ikulungele ukuhlasela.
Umbhangqwana ovelele ukhulisa izingane zawo ngokuqinile, uqinisekisa ukuphakama kwawo kunentsha. Ngasikhathi sinye, akukho lutho oluvimbela izingane ekubeni nezinhlekelele, zeqe, zidlale, kepha zinamahloni kakhulu. Lapho umndeni uthukile, kuqala ukuklabalasa okukhulu, kungene okuxekethile.
Eningizimu ye-Amazon, kunqwabelene kwezilwane ezingaziwa. Abahambi bahlangana nabo ogwini lwemifula, ezihlahleni zehlathi. Amaphara athanda imfudumalo. Uma i-thermometer ikhombisa - ama-degree angu-18. Ingabe ukushisa okunzima, okunzima ukusinda. Yize amanye amakoloni esezinze eNyakatho ye-Atlantic nasezindaweni ezomile ngesimo sezulu esingazinzile. Awukho umusa onjengokuthi ihlathi eliluhlaza, elinothe ngohlaza linikeza ama-marmosets.
Izilwane njalo kufanele ziqaphele ukuzijabulisa okuphephile. Izidalwa zemifino zihlala ezihlahleni ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ziyesaba ukukhuphukela phezulu. Lapho ungaba isisulu senyoni edla inyama. Ngezansi kwezimpilo zabo kusongelwa amakati asendle, izinyoka.
Leli koloni lihamba linqamule yonke indawo lifuna ukudla, lincike futhi liziqhubele phambili ngezidladla zalo, ligxume ezihlahleni, linamathele emagatsheni. Eziqwini, umgodi ukhishwe nge-incisors, ama-juice akhishwe, ama-resin akhishwa. Lokhu kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, kepha futhi kuhlala ukuphumula, ukuxubha uboya, ukususa izinambuzane.
Umndeni we-marmoset unokuhlukaniswa kwamandla okucaca okucacile. Ubaba ulawula abesilisa, umama uyala abesifazane. Ukusatshalaliswa okuthakazelisayo kwemithwalo yemfanelo. Usana olusanda kuzalwa luyavela futhi wonke amalungu amadala asiza owesifazane obelethayo. Bathwala izingane ngomhlane ngenkathi umama eqiniswa, kuthi lapho isikhathi sifika bazibuyisele kumzali.
Isimo sabantu ngabanye sinokuthula, izimpi nokuxabana kuqala ezimweni ezihlukile. Baxabana lapho kunesidingo sokwandisa insimu yendawo engayodwana, emakiwe yokushoda kokudla.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi kanjani i-marmoset esithombeni ukuma, ungabona ikhono lobuciko. Futhi naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, banemvelo imvelo eyanikeza zonke izinkawu - ilukuluku, intshisekelo ezintweni ezinhle. Ama-Primates axhumana nokunyakaza kwemizwa, ukubukeka kobuso. Isignali ngengozi ngezwi, ukuklabalasa. Lapho zibuyela emgodini ebusuku, zigobeka lapho, zicashe ngomsila wazo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwezidalwa ezincane akuhlukile kakhulu. Zimunca konke ukuze zigcwalise umzimba ngezakhamzimba kanye namavithamini abalulekile. Imifino, ama-juice nezinhlayiya zine-calcium eyanele yokuqinisa amathambo.
Amavithamini avela ekudleni kwezitshalo:
- i-latex;
- imbewu;
- izimpande izitshalo;
- ama-inflorescence;
- nectaries;
- mycelium.
Amaprotheni namafutha avela:
- izintethe;
- izibungu;
- hhayi izibankwa ezinkulu;
- amaxoxo;
- amaqanda.
Okwezinto zokudla endle, udinga ukulwa njalo ukuze uthole ngaphambi kwalokhu:
- izinyoni;
- zopholi;
- ama-toucans;
- possums.
Endle, ama-marmosets adla yonke into ehehayo, ajwayele futhi akwazi ukukuthola. Nini i-marmoset njengesilwane esifuywayo okuqukethwe, ukunakekela ukudla kungumthwalo womfuyi. Isikhwama sokudla singaqedwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, inqobo nje uma sidliwe futhi siphilile. Imenyu enkulu iqukethe:
- izithelo;
- imifino;
- izinambuzane;
- iminenke.
Izidalwa ezincane zijwayela umnikazi, abantu abazinakekelayo. Abenqabi inkukhu, amaqanda abilisiwe, i-cottage shizi, ubisi, ukolweni ohluma.
Into ekhethekile yokwenziwa kwama-marmosets yimfihlo yezihlahla ezinenhlaka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ekilasini lezilwane ezincelisayo ezivela emndenini wama-marmosets, ayikho imikhawulo ecacile ngezikhathi zokukhwelana nokukhwelana. Insikazi ingahamba ikhewule futhi izale nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kodwa ngumama kuphela, okuvela kuye iqembu lomndeni, elihlangene ekoloni, onelungelo lokuqhubeka nohlu lomndeni kulo.
Lokhu kuziphatha kuhlukile kumthetho, hhayi iphethini, lapho izilwane zikwazi ukuhlela impilo yazo ngosizo olufanayo. Umndeni wonke uletha futhi unakekela izingane.
Abesifazane bangaba bodwa futhi bahambe nabesilisa abaningana. Ukukhethwa komlingani kungokwabo lapho befika ekuvuthweni okugcwele ngokuzala beneminyaka engu-2. Lapho kwakhiwa izithandani ezisencane, zehlukaniswa nokhokho bazo.
Umzali uthwala ingane izinsuku eziyi-150. Amawele noma amawele amathathu azalwa ngokushesha, lapho ngalinye linesisindo esingu-15 amagremu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kukhona ukwahlukaniswa kwemithwalo yemfanelo. Ingane esanda kuzalwa inakekelwa ngowesifazane.
Ngemuva kokuguqula izinyanga ezi-2 ubudala, ubaba uxhunywe nemfundo. Uphatha ingane, ahlanze bese kuthi lapho elambile abuyele kumzali. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3, inkonyane selikwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali bakhe bazomfundisa ukuthi angakuthola kanjani ukudla, aziphathe kahle, alandele imithetho nezimfuneko zekoloni, futhi athobele abadala.
Ama-primates alolu hlobo ahlala endle isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-11. Zigcinwa emakhejini asekhaya iminyaka engu-15 ngenxa yokunakekelwa okufanele, ukuhlolwa kwezilwane, ukugoma okwandisa impilo.
Okuqukethwe kwasekhaya
Sihlakaniphile futhi siyahlekisa, lesi sidalwa esincane siheha abalimi. Izinkawu ziba yizilwane ezifuywayo kanye namakati, izinja, ama-hamsters nopholi. Intengo yeMarmoset kungaba isukela ruble 50 kuya ku-90 ayizinkulungwane. Umfuyi kufanele acabange ukuthi lokhu akuyona ithoyizi, kodwa isidalwa esiphilayo esinohlamvu lwaso, esidinga ukunakwa, ukondliwa, inhlanzeko, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela izifo.
Uma umnikazi ehlela ukunakekelwa okulungile, umntwana uzoletha izikhathi eziningi ezijabulisayo zezingane nabantu abadala. Akanayo i-capricious, ebusuku ulala nabantu. Kepha kuzofanele uthenge indlu ehlukile, ngaphandle kwalokho inkawu izoqala ukumaka indawo yayo. Isifiso sokukhawulela indawo yakho asipheli, sihlala unomphela. Endle, iqembu elilodwa linamahektha aphelele ehlathi.
Ikhoneni efulethini lingasondelwa eduze nezimo zamathafa, kwakhiwe itheriyamu elilodwa nohhafu wemitha ukuphakama nokufana ngobubanzi nobude. Ngaphakathi, ibhokisi kufanele lihlonyelwe izigaxa, amagatsha, isitebhisi, kwakheke indawo yehlathi, isikhala lapho ungagijima khona, ugxume, ufudumale. Inkinga ukuthi isilwane asikubekezeleli ukuba sodwa, futhi ngabantu abacebile kuphela abangathenga ngazimbili.
Ngemuva kokuthuthela endaweni ehlukile, i-marmoset iqala ukucindezela, kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukujwayela abanikazi abasha nabahlala nabo. Ekuqaleni, amancanyana ayesaba yonke iminyakazo yekhaya. Lesi sikhathi asihlali isikhathi eside. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa bazobona ngentshisekelo indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu ababazungezile, bazoqala ukudla benesifiso sokudla, bajwayelane namakhona egumbi, izinto.
Umnikazi kufanele ahlolwe ngudokotela wezilwane futhi agcine izilwane zihlanzeke ngokuphelele. Azinalo iphunga elingathandeki, kepha kuyadingeka ukushintsha inhlabathi ehokweni kaningi, ukuhlela ukuhlanzwa okujwayelekile nyangazonke.
Okungafanele ukwenze ekuqaleni:
- ukuxabana;
- yenza umsindo;
- yenza ukunyakaza okunzima, okungazelelwe;
- vula abamukelayo ngevolumu ephelele;
- ukubamba;
- jabula ngodlame, khama;
- ukuxhumana, thatha e ukudakwa;
- khohlwa ngezokuthuthwa kwendle.
Uma bekhuluma nezilwane, kancane kancane bajwayela inkulumo yomuntu, baqale ukuqonda, bafune okuthile okufanele bakwenze, bahlole ngenkuthalo ukuguqulelwa okufakiwe. Lapho isilwane sikujwayela, siqala ukuthatha ukuphatha ezandleni zaso, ukwethemba umphakathi osizungezile, lapho-ke ungadlala nabo, usishaye.
Awukwazi ukondla ukudla okonakele, ukudla kunikezwa okusha kuphela. Ukudla kufaka phakathi okusanhlamvu, imifino eqoshiwe nezithelo. Akufanele unikeze ushukela, amaswidi. Kungcono ukuthenga amasethi okudla ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ngaphambi kwalokho, dala imenyu, efaka zonke izinto ezidingekayo empilweni. I-Borscht kanye nesobho kufanele kulahlwe ngokushesha. Inqubo yansuku zonke, ukudla kufundiswa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala.
Endle, izidalwa ezincane ziyizingeli. Umfuyi kufanele:
- ulethe izintethe nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene;
- khetha ukugqoka okuphezulu ezintweni eziqinile;
- nikeza amanzi ahlanzwe kusuka ku-chlorine.
- geza izitsha ngemuva kokungcola ngakunye.
Ukugcina isilwane esingajwayelekile endlini kuyisethi yemisebenzi:
- Baqala ngokuhlela i-terrarium ehlukile enezesekeli namathoyizi. Yikuphi ngokushesha ukubhoreka futhi kufanele kufakwe okusha. Awukwazi ukuvumela inkawu ukuba ihambe ngokukhululeka ifulethi. Ingozi ayitholakali kuphela kubantu abaseduze, kodwa nakuye. Uzokweqa amakhethini, adle izintambo, izingxenye zezinto zokhuni, ifenisha.
- Ngaphambi kokuletha isidalwa esingajwayelekile ekhaya, sikhonjiswa kudokotela wezilwane. Uzonikeza izeluleko ngokugoma, iseluleko uma kwenzeka kuba nokugula, akhombise izimpawu zokugula.
- Ifulethi kufanele lifudumale, igumbi lokushisa elijwayelekile lizokwenza. Amagumbi anomoya, kepha avikelwe kokungakapheli.
- Amaphara awakwazi ukumelana nesizungu, uma kungekho bhangqa, umnikazi kuzofanele akhulume, akhulume. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bazocasuka, balangazelele, bakhombise imizwa yabo.
- Ngaphambi kokuthenga, buza umthengisi ukuthi isilwane sivele kanjani. Ngilethwe ekhaya noma ngazalelwa endaweni yasemakhaya. Kunzima ukufundisa labo abalethwe kusuka enkululekweni baya esibayeni, ukudla okusha.
AmaMarmosets asheshe anamathele kubantu. Bakhetha "inkosi" yabo, sebechaze eyinhloko ngendlela yabo. Lapho inkathi yokukhwelana iqala, bangakhombisa uhlamvu. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzodinga usizo lodokotela wezilwane. Uzobeka imishanguzo eyehlisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwesikhashana.
Akunconyelwa ukuhamba ngaphandle, izidalwa ezincane ziyesaba yonke into. Ukuminyana kwabantu kuzoholela ekucindezelekeni kangangokuba uhlelo lwezinzwa ngeke lumele, inkawu izogula. Lapho isikhathi sokuzijwayeza sesidlulile, i-marmoset izoba yinhle, ibe nobungane nomnikazi, imenze iphutha njengesihlobo sayo.
Ngaphambi kokunquma ukuqala i-marmoset, udinga ukucabanga ngokucophelela, ungabali nje kuphela imali esetshenzisiwe ekuthengeni okubizayo, kepha futhi nekhono lakho lokunakekela, isikhathi nemali. Zama ukusondeza ekhoneni elihlukaniswe endlini eduze kwendalo, ukuze unakekele futhi unake, njengezingane.
