I-Flounder (Platichthys stellatus) iyinhlanzi ethokozisayo futhi engajwayelekile. Kungokwesigaba esintengantengayo nasemndenini ohlawuliswe ngemisebe. Kubantu besimanje, yaziwa njengenhlanzi edumile futhi ebizayo, futhi futhi emnandi impela. Ukubukeka kwayo kungahle kungakhangi kangako, kepha lokhu akukwenzi ukuthi kungathandeki kakhulu kubadobi nakuma-gourmets eqiniso.
Incazelo nezici
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zale nhlanzi, lapho ngisho nomdobi ongenalwazi angahlukanisa ngayo nezinye, ngamehlo. Zitholakala ohlangothini lwesokunene lomzimba. Yingakho inegama "i-Flounder emaceleni angakwesokudla". Kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, ungathola umuntu lapho amehlo atholakala ngasohlangothini lwesobunxele lomzimba noma ngokulinganayo. Lokhu akuvamile neze.
Okwabadobi abanolwazi, futhi ikakhulukazi kubantu abavamile, inhlanzi iflounder esithombeni ayibukeki ikhanga kakhulu. Siphakamisa ukuthi ubhekisise izici ezihlukile zangaphandle zalesi sidalwa sasolwandle:
- Amaphiko we-pelvic. Zi-symmetrical ngokumangazayo futhi zifaka nesisekelo esincane. Lokhu kusiza inhlanzi ukuthi ingangeneki, isheshe futhi isheshe.
- Umzimba oyisicaba. Ngenxa yalesi sici, izinhlanzi zingacasha kalula ngaphansi kwetshe noma zizifihle, ngokuhlangana nolwandle noma itshe.
- Amaphiko endlu yangemuva nengemuva amade uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhamuzi zasolwandle. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha.
- Ikhanda elingahambisani nemigomo yokulinganisa. Ngamanye amagama, qeda i-asymmetry.
- Umlomo oxegayo namazinyo abukhali. Isiza ukubamba isisulu lapho sibhukuda sivela eceleni.
- Uhlangothi lwesibili lomzimba olungenamehlo (imvamisa ingakwesobunxele) lubizwa ngokuthi "indawo eyimpumputhe". Lapho isikhumba siqinile, siqinile, siqinile futhi sihlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi isitha sihlasele i-flounder lapho singaboni khona.
- Ulayini we-lateral ohamba phakathi kwamehlo, uwahlukanisa. Ivumela amehlo ukuthi akwazi ukuzimela futhi asebenze ngokuhlukile.
- Vala isikhala, amehlo aphumile. Bangabheka ezinhlangothini ezihlukene ngasikhathi sinye, okuvumela ukuthi uhlale uqaphile.
- Umsila omfushane. Isiza ngokunyakaza okusheshayo.
Inqubo yokubeka amaqanda kulo mhlali wasolwandle nayo ihluke kancane kokunye. ICaviar ayinawo amaconsi anonile, okuthi kwezinye izinhlanzi ahlinzeke ngokuphepha kuthosiwe elizayo.
Amaqanda awalali endaweni eyodwa, angantanta. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo luni, i-flounder ibeka amaqanda ezansi, futhi ngenkathi isathuthuka, ingahambela kwezinye izindawo noma ibhukude phezulu.
Izinhlobo
I-Flounder - inhlanzi, okuthi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo zayo ezingaphansi, ehlala njalo ezansi. Zonke izinhlobo zayo zinento eyodwa ezifanayo - umzimba oyisicaba, osiza ukuhamba ngokushelela phansi kakhulu, okuthi ngasiphi isikhathi kuzosiza ukufihla ezitheni.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ziyaqina zehlukaniswe kabili: umfula nolwandle. Ngamunye wabo uhlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana. Lesi sigaba sincike endaweni yokuhlala, kanye nezici ezithile zomzimba.
Izinhlanzi zomfula ogelezayo - uhlala emanzini angenasawoti amanzi, imifula, amachibi. Ayibekezeleli amanzi anosawoti olwandle ngenxa yesikhumba esibucayi. Kukhona ama-subspecies amathathu:
- I-polar flounder... Izinhlobo ezithanda amanzi abandayo zingamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi futhi futhi azikwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-zero degrees Celsius. Uyehluka emzimbeni ovundlile, futhi nombala. Umbala womzimba omkhulu unsundu, kwesinye isikhathi unamaqebunga abomvu noma amhlophe. Amaphiko anombala wezitini noma obomvu ngokugqamile.
- Inkanyezi ehamba phambili... Isici esiyinhloko indawo yamehlo ohlangothini lwesobunxele lomzimba. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Zimbili kuphela izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zale nhlanzi ezinamalungiselelo anjalo. Umbala ungaba luhlaza okotshani, ubishi noma onsundu, njengezinhlobo ezibandayo.
Futhi, isici esiyinhloko sama-subspecies yimivimbo emnyama emhlane nasemaphikweni asemaceleni. Le nhlanzi yaqanjwa ngama-spikes ngesimo sezinkanyezi ezincane ohlangothini lwesobunxele lomzimba. Usayizi wayo omaphakathi ungama-50-60 cm ubude nesisindo somzimba kuze kufike ku-5 kg.
- ULwandle Olumnyama Kalkan... Uhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu olubhalwe encwadini ebomvu. Inokuhleleka kwamehlo angakwesokunxele, umzimba oyindilinga. Umbala oyinhloko unsundu nge-splashes egqamile yomnqumo. Isici esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinsipho ezibukhali, ezisakazeke ebusweni bonke bomzimba, futhi ikakhulukazi "endaweni eyimpumputhe". Ubude, inhlanzi endala ifinyelela ku-100 cm, futhi inesisindo okungenani esingu-20 kg.
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezihamba kancane - uhlala kahle emanzini anosawoti olwandle. Ihlukile ezinhlotsheni zemifula ngosayizi, ukuma komzimba, umbala nobude bamaphiko. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi ezine zayo:
- I-yellowfin flounder... Izinhlobo ezibandayo, hhayi kuphela ngamanzi, kepha nangendlela yokuphila uqobo. Izingela egazini elibandayo ngezinhlanzi ezincane nezinye izakhamuzi zolwandle olujulile. Ihluka esimweni somzimba esiyindilinga, imiqolo ebukhali nezikali emzimbeni wonke. Umbala unombala o-brown-green, eduze kombala we-marsh, onamaphiko akhanyayo wegolide. Inhlanzi endala ifinyelela ku-50 cm ubude, futhi isisindo sayo asikho ngaphezu kwe-1 kg.
- I-Marine ejwayelekile. Lezi zinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zale nhlanzi, ezinombala onsundu ngombala onamachashaza asawolintshi nabomvu. Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo ukulingisa okuthuthuke kakhulu (ikhono lokufihla). Ngokwazi kwayo ukufihla, i-flounder ayisiyaphansi kunonwabu. Inhlanzi endala ifinyelela imitha elilodwa ukuphakama kanye no-7 kg ngesisindo.
- ENyakatho naseNingizimu i-white-bellied flounder... Igama liyazikhulumela. Inhlanzi inombala omhlophe wamaphiko okhalo, umthunzi onobisi wendawo engaboni. Futhi ingxenye yesibili yomzimba, lapho iso likhona khona, inombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu. Ihlala kaningi ezansi, ingakhuphuki ngaphezu kwemitha ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Inhlanzi endala ikhula ize ifike kuma-cm 50. Isisindo singahluka, kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-12 kg.
- I-halibut. Okuyivelakancane futhi okunzima kakhulu ukuthola izinhlobo. Ihlukaniswe nezinye izinhlobo ezinhlanu, ezahlukile ngesisindo nangosayizi womzimba. Inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-450 ngosayizi womzimba ka-5 m. Ummeli omncane kunabo bonke yi-arrowtooth halibut. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela ngaphezu kwe-8 kg ngobude bomzimba obungu-80 cm.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona olunye uhlobo olunegama elihlangene - lokhu ngu “I-Far Eastern flounder". Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-yellowfin, i-white-bellied eseningizimu, i-stellate, kanye ne-halibut, i-longnose, i-proboscis nezinye.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Lo mhlali wasolwandle ukhetha impilo yokuphila eyedwa. Uthanda ukuchitha isikhathi sakhe sokuphumula eziphumulele olwandle. Angavele alale phansi, noma azingcwabe esihlabathini kuze kufike emehlweni akhe ukuze abuke isimo. Kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukubona i-flounder inyuka ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa ukusuka olwandle.
Kungenxa yezinhlanzi - umthombo wokuphila, ikhaya kanye nendlela yokuphunyuka ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Ngenxa yokulingisa (ikhono lokuzifihla ngokushesha ngaphansi kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamatshe nangaphansi), angahlasela izisulu zakhe ngokungabonakali noma azifihle ngokushesha ezitheni.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuhamba kancane okubonakalayo. Kubonakala sengathi ngenxa yomzimba ongalingani futhi ongavamile wenhlanzi ejwayelekile, i-flounder ibhukuda kancane kakhulu. Abadobi abangenalwazi bathi ukubamba lesi silwane sasemanzini kulula, futhi ukuphela kwendlela yokuphunyuka ukuzifihla. Noma kunjalo, cha.
Lapho i-flounder izizwa iphephile, ibhukuda kancane, izwakala sengathi ithwalwa ngumsinga wamanje. Ukuhamba kwayo kufana nokunyakaza okufana nokukhanya okufana namagagasi, futhi ijubane layo alidluli amamitha ayi-10 ngehora.
Kodwa uma umhlaseli edla izinhlanzi ngemuva, angaba nesivinini esihle kakhulu. Ngomsila wayo omfushane, amaphiko okhalo lwendilinga olulinganayo, namaphiko amafushane omgogodla nowangemuva, angazifihla kalula kulabo abasukelayo.
Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, i-flounder ingenza udwi lwamamitha amaningana ngasikhathi sinye, ngenkathi ishiya ngemuva indiza enamandla yamanzi, ezoqondiswa ezansi. Lokhu kungenxa ye-operculum esakhiweni senhlanzi.
Itholakala endaweni engaboni yesifuba. Ijethi enamandla izovusa phansi, ezodida umhlaseli noma iphazamise isisulu. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlasela izisulu ezingekho emthethweni noma ukweqa enhlanzini yasolwandle enkulu futhi eyingozi kakhulu.
UFlounder uhlala kuphela emanzini oLwandlekazi iPacific. Izinhlobo zemifula zihlala ngaphansi kwemifula ebandayo, amatheku. Singahlangana emifuleni iDnieper, Bug, Dniester. Impilo yasolwandle itholakala ikakhulu olwandle Olumnyama, lwaseJapan, lwaseBaltic, lwaseBering naseMedithera.
OLwandle lwase-Azov, lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi aluvamile kakhulu. Phakathi koLwandle Olumnyama ne-Azov kukhona umlomo woMfula iDon, lapho zombili izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile nezasolwandle ze-flounder zizizwa zizinhle.
Ngaphandle kwezinga likasawoti elihle, kusengavamile kakhulu ukubathola lapho. Abazingeli abazingelayo banamuhla bavame ukubamba le nhlanzi ngezinjongo zezimboni noma ukuthengisa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo ubavumela ukuthi benze imali enhle.
I-polar kanye nenyakatho ene-white-bellied flounder, ekhetha amanzi abandayo, ihlala kuphela olwandle lwaseKara, Okhotsk, Bering naseWhite. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuyithola emifuleni i-Ob, Kara, Tugur naseYenisei. Inhlanzi ithanda inhlabathi enosilika futhi ethambile, ongacasha kuyo kalula, okuyilokhu le mifula inayo.
I-yellowfin taxon iyinhlanzi eyisicaba evame kakhulu kusuka Umndeni we-flounder ihlala emanzini anamazinga kasawoti aphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu. Ngokuvamile, uyabhukuda ekujuleni okungenani amamitha angamakhulu amathathu.
Lezi zinhlanzi zithandwa kakhulu embonini. Bahlala e-White, Baltic, Mediterranean nakwamanye amanzi ase-Atlantic. I-flounder yaseningizimu enamhlophe emhlophe ivame ukutholakala endaweni esogwini lwaseJapan naseLwandle Olubomvu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-subspecies ngayinye ye-flounder iphakela ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku. Enye emini, enye ebusuku. Kuya ngendawo nendawo yokuhlala ekhethwayo. Ngokuyinhloko, laba bameleli bezilwane badla ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni, kepha uma kungabanjwa lutho, bazodla uhlaza ngenjabulo.
Futhi, ukudla kwe-flounder kuncike kubudala bayo. Isibonelo, abesilisa abancane badla i-caviar yezinye izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-amphipods, ama-benthos, izibungu, izibungu nezinambuzane zasemanzini.
Abantu abadala bakhetha ukuzuza ngenhlanzi ethosiwe nencane, izibungu namanye amalungu omndeni we-echinoderm, izilwane ezincane ezivela emndenini wama-invertebrate, ophiura, ama-crustaceans. Ukuphathwa okuthandwa kakhulu ngama-flounder yizimfanzi, kanye ne-capelin.
Ngenxa yendawo engavamile yekhanda, okungukuthi ukubekwa eceleni komzimba, izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukudonsa izinhlayiya ezincane nezinye izakhamuzi zamanzi okujula ukusuka ezansi.
Amazinyo acijile ayamsiza nokuthi awakhiphe. I-flounder nayo inemihlathi eqinile. Angabulala kalula amagobolondo ezinkalankala noma amagobolondo ama-oysters, izimbaza nokunye. Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi, ukudla okuhleliwe kokudla okunamaprotheni amaningi kuyadingeka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-Flounder, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Kodwa-ke, empilweni yangempela, uvame ukuba sengozini. Usongo luqine kakhulu uma izinhlanzi zivame ukuphoqeleka ukuba zibhukude kude nezitha zazo noma zihlushwa umsoco ongahlelekile. Ngakho-ke, ifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi ngabantu abathile kuphela abangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25-30. Isizathu esivamile sokufa kwabo ukudoba ngabantu.
Ukuze uhlukanise owesilisa nowesilisa, kwanele ukuqhathanisa ubukhulu babo. Lezi ezokugcina zihlala zikhudlwana ngobude nangesisindo, futhi zinebanga elikhulu kakhulu phakathi kwamehlo nezimpiko ezinde zasemuva nezomgogodla. Ukuma kwesifuba sabo ikakhulukazi i-rhombus noma i-oval. Kwabesifazane, kuhlala kuyindilinga.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa itekisi ngalinye (i-flatfish, kulokhu flounder) yinqubo yomuntu ngamunye. Kuya ngezici eziningi, ikakhulukazi imvelo.
Okungukuthi: indawo yokuhlala, isikhathi sokuqala kwentwasahlobo, isimo sezulu, ushintsho olubukhali emazingeni okushisa, ukufudumeza amanzi ekushiseni okuhle kwamaqanda, ubukhona besifazane eduzane, ubukhona besondlo esihle senqubo yokuzala, njalonjalo.
Kepha uma sithatha izibalo ezijwayelekile, khona-ke isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokubeka amaqanda e-flounder sicatshangelwa kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaDisemba kuya kuMeyi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhathi asihambisani nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kukhona nokuhlukile. Lezi, ngokwesibonelo, umbono weTurbot kanye neRigombus enkulu. Kubo, isikhathi esifanele sokuzalisa sisukela maphakathi noJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Izinhlobo zasolwandle zomndeni we-ray fin ziya olwandle lwaseBaltic, lwaseJapane, oluMnyama kanye naseNyakatho ukuyokuzalela. Ngohlobo lwe-polar, isikhathi esihle kakhulu kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari ngaphansi kwamanzi ambozwe yiqhwa oLwandle lwaseKara naseBarents.
Ukuqala inqubo yokuzala kabusha, udinga kuqala ukufinyelela ebusheni. Abesilisa balo mndeni bakulungele ukuzala kusukela onyakeni wesithathu noma wesikhombisa wokuphila kwabo. Konke kuncike enhlotsheni nasendaweni ehlala kuyo. Abesifazane baqala ukuthomba ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Futhi zivundile kakhulu. Enqubweni eyodwa yokuzala, owesifazane angashiya amaqanda asuka ku-0.5 kuya kwezigidi ezimbili. Ngokucabanga ukuthi bayakwazi ukubhukuda bebodwa, amaqanda omndeni we-flounder angatholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo ayisindi, ngoba i-caviar yezinhlanzi zasolwandle ingagcina isendaweni enamanzi angenasawoti.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokumangazayo, kepha isitha esikhulu se-flounder ngumuntu. Nsuku zonke emhlabeni abadobi bezwe babamba ithoni yale nhlanzi. Kepha ngaphandle kwabantu, phansi kolwandle, i-flounder ingesaba abanye abamele izilwane, ikakhulukazi ama-eels ne-halibut.
Ngowokuqala, konke kucacile, kepha okwesibili kuyadukisa. Ososayensi bahlukene phakathi. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi i-halibut iyinhlobo yendabuko ye-flounder futhi ayikwazi ukuba isitha sayo. Abanye bayamcabangela izinhlanzi ezi-flounder... Eqinisweni, akayona i-subspecies yayo, ngakho-ke bangahle bancintisane.
Njalo ngonyaka kunabameleli abambalwa nabambalwa bomndeni we-flounder. Naphezu kokuzala okuphezulu kwabesifazane, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamaqanda abo awasindi. Le nhlanzi ibanjwa ngamathani nsuku zonke, futhi konke lokhu kuzingelwa abamele umhlaba wezilwane.
Le nkinga isalokhu ingaxazululiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomthelela womuntu emvelweni, izilwandle eziningi nemifula kungcoliswe kakhulu ngenxa yokufa kwezinhlanzi ezincane - ukudla kwe-flounder. Lokhu kunciphisa imvamisa yokuzala kwayo. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, inani labantu abaxegayo lizokwehla kakhulu.
