Lapho ubheka imbila, iningi labantu liyathinteka, ngoba linikeza umbono wesilwane esihle futhi esilolongekile. Kepha lokhu akunjalo neze. Ukuhlangana naye endle kungaletha inkinga enkulu impela. Lesi silwane sinamazipho aqinile kakhulu, singakhipha iphunga elibi futhi izihlobo zingahlala zisiza ngaso. Banomphakathi othuthuke kakhulu.
Futhi abazingeli, befunda imikhuba yabo, bayakwazi lokho imbila - isilwane uhlakaniphile, onele, uyakwazi ukuphila ezimweni ezinzima. Uhlela impilo yakhe kahle. Amadolobha aphelele avela emigodini lezi zilwane ezizakhela wona ayizakhiwo ezimangalisayo zangaphansi komhlaba.
Bangabomndeni weasel futhi batholakala yonke indawo, kuwo wonke umhlaba wethu. Inani labo labantu likhulu kakhulu. Izimbila zasendle imvamisa izizwa iphephile emvelweni. Uma kufudumele, izilwane ezidla ezinye azinasikhathi sazo, kodwa uma kubanda, zicasha zijule ngendlela yokuthi akulula ukufinyelela kuzo.
Ngeshwa, ibheji isisulu esifiselekayo ekuzingelweni. Inyama yayo imnandi kunengulube, isikhumba siqinile, asinakungenwa ngamanzi, sisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zasendlini nezinto zokuhlobisa. Izinwele ezinde zalezi zilwane zenza amabhulashi namabhulashi amahle kakhulu. Futhi amafutha abo angumkhiqizo ophilile kakhulu. Abaningi baze basindiswa yibo esifweni sofuba.
Isithombe se-badger sivame ukusetshenziswa ezincwadini nakuma-cinema. Uvezwa njengesilo esinomusa egqokeni elihle loboya elinesifonyo esimthende namehlo ahlakaniphe kakhulu. "Uninal-badger" onenkinga futhi onobunzima. I-Hilarious, eyangempela, iyathakazelisa. Uyiqhawe elidumile lamakhathuni nezincwadi zezingane. Sonke sikhumbula amanoveli kaHarry Potter, lapho i-badger iwuphawu lwekhono le-Hufflepuff.
Kukhona iLake Badger eKarelia. Isilo sivezwa ezingutsheni zamadolobha amaningi - eKarelia efanayo, esifundeni saseSverdlovsk, esifundeni saseLvov (e-Ukraine), eFrance naseJalimane, eSpain naseFinland - kuyo yonke indawo kunamadolobha anomfanekiso webheji esejazini lezingalo. Ezinye izifundazwe zisebenzisa isithombe salesi silwane kwizitembu zokuposa.
Njengomlingiswa wasenganekwaneni, angathukuthela kakhulu, acasuke futhi kaningi abe yingozi. Kodwa-ke, angavezwa njengeqhawe elinamandla elikwazi ukuhlala lizolile ngezikhathi zokuthula. Isizwe ngasinye simnikeza ngezici ezithile zobuntu. Isibonelo, i-badger yaseJapan inobuqili, kepha i-rustic, eyaseRussia inesizotha futhi iyonga, kanti eyaseMelika iyashesha futhi iyantshontsha.
Incazelo nezici
Iqembu le-badger linamalungu wobulili obuhlukile nobudala, ngamunye wabo angakhipha iphunga. Ubude, umuntu omdala ufinyelela ku-90 cm, okuyi-20 cm yayo ewela emsileni. Unesisindo esingaba ngama-25 kg. Umzimba wesilwane mfushane, ujiyile, uqinile.
Intamo ibanzi, ikhanda elide liphela ngomlomo ocijile. Izindlebe zincane, zimnyama, futhi zinomngcele omhlophe phezulu. Amazinyo mancane futhi abukhali, kukhona angama-36, kanti ama-canine aba buthuntu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isilwane simbozwe ngoboya obukhulu obukhulu, obufana nama-bristles, umbala ngemuva umhlophe-silvery, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezimpawu ezimnyama. Izinwele ngazinye ezimpandeni ziphuzi kancane, zimnyama phakathi, futhi zimhlophe mpunga ekugcineni. Isisu sinsundu. Ikhanda linombala okhanyayo ngemivimbo emnyama ezinhlangothini; ilula kowesifazane kunowesilisa. Kunjalo ibheji esithombeni.
Ngaphansi komsila, kunezindlala ezikhethekile ezikhipha umsipha. Kumuntu, iphunga elithile elikhishwa yisilwane esinjalo, ukusibeka ngobumnene, singathandeki. Isilwane sasendle seBadgerkodwa kucoceke kakhulu futhi kucocekile.
Ubhekwa "njengendlovukazi yehlathi". Akasoze ahlela indawo yokugcina imfucuza nodoti endlini yakhe. Ngalezi zidingo, kufanele bambe ikamelo elengeziwe budebuduze nendlu. Umzimba wakhe ubonakala uhloselwe ukumba. Iminwe yinde, inezinzipho eziqinile, imilenze nentamo kufushane, uphusha umzimba wakhe emhlabathini njengebhola.
Ukuzingela i-Badger kwenziwa ngama-dachshunds. Kwesinye isikhathi umngani usiza isilwane esilimele. Abazingeli bathi kanye, sebedubule ibheji, babona isithombe esimangazayo.
Waqala ukuzigingqa phansi futhi wakhipha ukububula okusolisayo. Njengoba kwavela kamuva, ukuheha ukunakwa nokuhawukela amanye amabheji. Ngenxa yokuthi uzakwabo weqa waphuma emgodini wabubula, wabamba lo muntu owayelimele wanyamalala naye wangena ehlathini.
Impumulo yesilwane iyazwela kakhulu. Ukuze stun isilwane, kwanele kancane ukuyishaya emakhaleni. Ngasikhathi sinye, inelukuluku lokwazi. Lesi sici somlingiswa sivame ukudlala ihlaya elinonya naye.
UKonstantin Paustovsky unendaba emangazayo "Ikhala leBadger". Kuwo, imbila encane yanyonyoba yaya kubantu ababehleli ngasemlilweni ababebhaka amazambane (ngokusobala wayekhangwe iphunga elimnandi kakhulu), washaya ikhala lakhe emalahleni.
Ngemuva kwalokho wamphatha isikhathi eside emanzini, wafaka isiphunzi esinomuthi ophulukisayo emseleni. Konke lokhu kwabonwa ngumbhali wendaba. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ngenkathi ehamba ehlathini, wahlangana nale mbuzi, eyibona ngesibazi emakhaleni akhe.
Wathimula, wabubula futhi wahamba kancane, sonke leso sikhathi waqalaza enganeme. Kwakusobala ukuthi lesi silwane samazi futhi sakhumbula umzuzu ongathandeki ohlotshaniswa nomuntu. Isilo esihlakaniphe kakhulu.
Izinhlobo
Izihlobo eziseduze zebheji yi-marten, i-wolverine, i-mink, i-ferret, i-sablek ne-skunk.
Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zalesi silo:
- ezivamile, zihlala eYurophu, ngakho-ke eMelika ibizwa nge- "European". Inobukhulu obujwayelekile. Isimo sekhanda - sincane, simise okwekhanda;
- U-Asia, uhlala endaweni enkulu yase-Asia, naseRussia;
- UJapane, uhlala eJapane kuphela. Lolu uhlobo olukhethekile lwebheji, lubizwa ngokuthi "werewolf tanuki". Angabalwa njengezinja ze-raccoon kanye nama-badger;
- American, etholakala eNyakatho Melika. Ifaka umugqa omnyama omncane ogijima enkabeni yekhanda. Futhi, i- "American" inomphimbo omhlophe, kanti i- "European" - emnyama. Ukuma kwekhanda lomuntu onjalo kungukude futhi kubanzi;
- i-teledu, noma inyama yengulube, itholakala eNingizimu ye-Asia;
- i-honey badger, noma i-bald badger, itholakala e-Afrika, eNdiya kanye naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Umbala ucacile kunamanye amabheji - phansi okumnyama naphezulu okumpunga;
- i-sunda stinky badger, etholakala e-Indonesia;
- i-ferret badgers, uhlobo lwezinhlobo ezine, ezintathu zazo zihlala e-Indonesia, eyodwa ise-Asia. Zibushelelezi futhi zincane kunezivamile.
Yilezo zinhlobo kuphela ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezilele ubusika bonke. Izilwane ezifundeni eziseningizimu ziyasebenza unyaka wonke.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ngaphandle kweSardinia nasenyakatho yeScandinavia, i-badger ivamile kulo lonke elaseYurophu, nase-Asia, kusukela eSyria kuya eJapan nokuwela iSiberia kuya eLena. Uhlala emigodini, uhlala yedwa. Umba umgodi ngezinzipho eziqinile ohlangothini olubalele lwamagquma anezinkuni noma ngasemhosheni emadlelweni.
Umgodi kufanele "ube nemfihlo", unezindawo zokuphuma eziphuthumayo ezi-4-8 uma kwenzeka ingozi engalindelekile. UBadger uyacabangela kakhulu. Ukuhamba ngakunye okungenani ku-3 m ubude, futhi isilo sihlola siphinde silungise konke. I-lair ngokwayo ingatholakala ijule impela ebusweni bomhlaba, kusuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu.
Lesi yisilwane esihlanzeke kakhulu, ngaso sonke isikhathi siqinisekisa ukuthi iminki yaso yomile, ayishiki. Akazikhululi emgodini, azimbe umgodi eduzane ukuze azenzele imfucuza yakhe. Ugcina nokudla okusele lapho.
Emgodini, wenza amalungiselelo ebusika. Imbila ukuphela kwesilwane esivela emndenini we-weasel esilala ubusuku bonke. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sasendle, uhlela umbhede othambile wamaqabunga emgodini wakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho isonga ibe yibhola, inamathisele ikhanda layo phakathi kwezidladla zangaphambili nezindawo zokulala.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukulala kwesilwane kungaphazanyiswa kungalindelekile, njengebhere, ikakhulukazi ebusika obufudumele. Sibe sesivuka isilo bese siphumela ngaphandle. Ukulala ubusika ekugcineni kugcina entwasahlobo. Imbila ivuka izacile, yize yalala ngesisu esiyindilinga, esiwugqinsi.
Ukuhamba kwesilwane ngaphandle kubukeka kukubi, kuhamba kancane. Ishwibeka kancane bese iqinisa imilenze. Isilwane esinjani lesi kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuyiqonda. Ukucabanga okujwayelekile ngaye kunesici. Ufana nengulube, futhi uyagquma njengaye.
AmaBadger ahlala ngababili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlali bejahe ukuthola owabo umgodi. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona izidumbu eziphelele zalezi zilwane. Bamba umhlaba kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, benza ama-labyrinths wangempela ngaphansi.
Umuntu angazibuza nje ukuthi bahamba kanjani lapho ngokwabo. Kungenzeka ngokunuka. Umgodi ophilayo ulinywa yi-badger, bese igcina njalo leli phunga. Ngisho nomgodi oshiyiwe usamnuka isikhathi eside.
Imigodi yaseBadger, lapho kuhlala khona imindeni emikhulu, eminyakeni edlule iphenduka imibuso engaphansi komhlaba, enezitezi eziningi, futhi idlulisa imizi yayo ngefa. Isilo siyindabuko esabekayo. Ulandela izisekelo namasiko asekhaya lakhe.
Izimbila ezindala ziyizilwane ezingathandeki neze: ziyenqena, zithukuthele, azikulungele ukuthanjiswa. Kepha abancane, abondliwe ekuthunjweni, ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo, kunalokho, bathamba futhi balandele umnikazi njengezinja.
Bathi izimbila, ezikhuliswa ngumuntu, zaziziphathisa okwemidlwane. Badlalane, bakhonkotha, bakhonona njengezimbila, bagonana ngothando njengezinkawu, bathatha izinkulungwane eziyishumi futhi bakhombisa imizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Ngokuvamile, sabona ukuthi izimbila zinolimi lwazo. Benza imisindo ekhethekile ezimeni ezahlukahlukene, okwenza kube lula ukucabanga ukuthi bayakhuluma. Kunemisindo engaba ngu-16 "kwisichazamazwi sabo senkulumo".
Isilwane esinjalo siyathanda ukuxhumana, ikakhulukazi uma sisesimweni esihle. Phakathi kwabo, ama-badger aze ahlele amanye "amaqembu omhlaba", avakashele, abheke ukuthi umakhelwane wabo uhlala kanjani.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukudla kwebheji ikakhulu izimpande, izinambuzane, iminenke kanye nemisundu. Kwesinye isikhathi, angahlasela unogwaja omncane noma abhubhise isidleke senyoni. Ingadonsa futhi iphuphu eliwile, ikhuphuke ibe ngamakhekheba ezinyosi. Ekwindla, uzondla ngezithelo eziwile, akazideleli amagundane, ama-moles, amaxoxo, izinyoka.
Kwesinye isikhathi izimbila zasendle angakhuphukela egcekeni kumuntu, entshontsha izinkukhu. Ngokuvamile, isilwane siziphatha njengesilwane esidla ezinye, okuyikho. E-Eastern Siberia, ama-badger abonakale ehlasela amathole, enza umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bendawo. Lokhu kuziphatha kuphoqa umuntu ukuthi ambekele izingibe nezicupho.
Kodwa-ke, inzuzo elethwa yisilwane ingumonakalo nobungozi obukhulu kuyo. Eqinisweni, ihlanza imvelo ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi. Lezi zilwane zingabazingeli abangakhathali futhi abanesiphiwo. Ekuzingeleni okukodwa, ziyakwazi ukubamba izisulu ezingafika ku-70. Badla kancane kancane, beshiya okubekiwe ukudla okungadliwanga ngokushesha.
Kusondele kuphela ekwindla baqala ukudla kakhulu, bezuza isisindo sokulala ubusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, uboya be-badger buyaqina, isisu siyisiyingi, futhi sihamba kancane kunokujwayelekile. Izama ukonga amandla okwenza ubuthongo basebusika. Isisindo sakhe okwamanje singafinyelela kuma-35 kg.
Ucwaningo lwe-badger nutrition lutadisiswa ngokujulile ezikhungweni, ezindaweni ezigcinwayo nakwezinqolobane, ngoba lokhu kungathinta yonke imvelo yesifunda. Kuvele ukuthi ukudla kwalesi silwane kufaka ama-vertebrate (amagundane, izinambuzane, ama-lagomorphs, izinyoni, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, izinhlanzi) nezinambuzane (ama-gastropods, izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, i-coleoptera, abadlayo abafile, ama-lamellar beetles, izibungu zabo, ama-bumblebees, i-hymenoptera, i-coleoptera , I-Orthoptera, iDiptera, iHemiptera).
Izitshalo, amajikijolo - ama-strawberry, i-bird cherry, izimpande zezinye izitshalo nama-oats nakho kwangena kwimenyu ye-badger. Ukudla kwemifino ekudleni kwesilwane akuvamile kunokudla kwesilwane. Futhi kusuka ezinambuzaneni zokudla kwezilwane kanye nezilwane ezibuthakathaka kuyanqoba. Noma ngabe yini umuntu angayisho, imbila ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi "umhlanzi wehlathi".
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Lapho owesilisa ekhetha insikazi, uyamnakekela, izilwane ziyamatanisana, zenze imisindo futhi ziphulaze. Abesilisa bangalwela ngisho nabalingani babo. Futhi-ke azideli futhi zinonya: ziyajahana, zikhonkothe, zilume umphikisi. Bese kuthi ukuzola, ubungani nokusizelana kubuyele ehostela labo futhi.
AmaBadger yizilwane zomndeni nezokuziphatha emphakathini. Bakha umndeni osondelene futhi oqinile, lapho wonke umuntu enezibopho zakhe kanye nezindima zakhe. Umama wesifazane ungumsunguli nomfundisi wenzalo. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokuzalanisa emabhedeni inzima kakhulu ngokwesikhathi.
Bangakhwelana entwasahlobo, kanti ukukhulelwa kwangempela kwenzeka ngoDisemba kuphela. Ngakho-ke, insikazi izala iqanda izinsuku ezingama-270 kuya kwezingama-450. Leli yikhono elihlukile. Kungenzeka, imvelo yamvumela ukuba akhethe umzuzu omuhle kakhulu wokuzalwa kwezinsana.
Amantshontsho abonakala engaboni ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Imvamisa kukhona kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-6 kudoti. Ama-Badgers anesisindo esisuka ku-75 kuya ku-130 amagremu. Amehlo abo avalekile cishe izinsuku ezingama-35. Isikhumba simbozwe ukuthamba okuthambile, kepha uphawu lwaso oluhlukile selivele luyabonakala ekhanda - umdwebo omnyama nomhlophe.
Umama ubanakekela ngobumnene nangokukhathazeka, ukuthola ukudla baze bakhule. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphambi kwekwindla, bese kuthi izimbila ezincane ziqale impilo ezimele. Ubaba wesilisa ungumakhi nomzingeli. Uhlala ehlola isimo sekhaya, alungise izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, axoshe izivakashi ezingamenyiwe.
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, insikazi ifundisa amawundlu ngenhlanzeko nangobunono. Kanye eduze komgodi wabantu abadala, kukhishwa i-mink eduze kwesidleke sezingane ngezidingo kanye nodoti wokudla. Ama-Badger ajwayele ukuhlala endle iminyaka eyi-10-12, ekhaya angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-16.
Lesi silwane singathwala izifo eziyingozi: amarabi, isifo sofuba sezinkomo. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo, ukugoma kwethulwa lapho inani labo landa. Isilwane singafa futhi ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngemuva kokulwa nezitha zemvelo - izimpisi, ama-lynx nezinja, ezifuywayo nezasendle.
Umuntu uthinta impilo yempunzi ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngisho nangaphandle kokumzingela, usenethonya elinamandla kubantu balezi zinhlobo. Eduze nasezindlini zabantu, lezi zilwane zingazitholela ukudla ngezikhathi zendlala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impucuko yabantu ayinasihe ezilwaneni. Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo kubulala amanethiwekhi abo wedolobha. Nezilwane uqobo ziyafa ngaphansi kwamasondo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-badger ibhalwe ku-International Red Book ngendlela enemibandela, njengezilwane ezinengozi encane yokuqothulwa. Lesi silwane sivame kakhulu emhlabeni futhi sizala ngokuqinile.
Ucocekile futhi uyisidina, uphelele futhi uyakhathala, kwesinye isikhathi akananhlonipho futhi unolaka, akasoze azinikeza ukucasulwa, yize ebonakala ekhohlakele. Uma kudingeka, ingamelana ngisho nomzingeli omkhulu. Yize evame ukukhetha ukucasha.
Into eyigugu kakhulu kuye yikhaya lakhe. Futhi ukulungele ukuyivikela ngamazinyo, ngozipho, ngokunamandla nangolaka. Imvamisa kuphuma onqobayo empini nomuntu ongaqondile. Empilweni ejwayelekile, uzolile, kepha ngomzuzwana wobungozi uba yisitha esikhulu.
