ihansi isatshalaliswa ngezinhlobonhlobo, ezinye zazo ezingatholakali kalula kwimvelo. Bahlala ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika nasengxenyeni yomhlaba yaseYurophu.
Umehluko ovela kwamanye ama-anseriformes ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukufuya amahansi ekhaya. Lokhu akuvamile ukwenziwa kwamanye ama-zoo. Izilwane ziyayithanda inkululeko.
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni yehansi ifana kakhulu namahansi. Ihluka ngosayizi omncane nombala ogqamile wezimpaphe. Izici ezingaphandle zenza amahansi abukeke njengamadada. Ukufana akwenzi ngengozi: le nyoni ingeyomndeni wedada we-oda i-Anseriformes.
Umzimba wamahansi ngokwesilinganiso ufinyelela cishe kumasentimitha angama-60. Izinyoni zinesisindo esingeqile ku-8 kg. Abesilisa kulula ukuwabona futhi bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane. Embala wombala wezimpaphe zezinyoni, umbala ompunga omnyama nomhlophe ubonakala kakhulu. Umugqa okhanyayo ozungeze umphimbo ubhekwa njengesici sokuqala kunoma yiliphi ihansi, kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezimnyama kuvela kamuva, eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Intamo yamahansi imfushane kakhulu kunaleyo yamahansi. Amehlo amnyama, agqama kakhulu ngokuqhathanisa nesizinda esijwayelekile. Uqhwaku luncane kunokulingene ngosayizi nokumiswa, isembozo salo simnyama, noma ngabe inyoni ingeyiphi inhlobo. Eyeduna nayo inekhala nentamo evelele kunaleyo yowesifazane. Izidladla zawo wonke amahansi zinombala omnyama, isikhumba kuwo sincane.
Goose esithombeni kuma-encyclopedia kuvame ukuboniswa ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kwezimpaphe zombala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalezi zinyoni, futhi zonke zinokuhluka kwesici.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zamahansi emhlabeni:
- indawo yokugcina izilwane;
- mnyama;
- umphimbo obomvu;
- i-canadian;
- i-canadian encane;
- IsiHawaii.
Zihlukile komunye nomunye ngesakhiwo somzimba, indawo yokusabalalisa, incazelo yokubukeka. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe zingeziphi izinhlobo, izinyoni azisodwa futhi zihlala zihlangana njengemihlambi.
UBarnacle goose
Ihlukile kwezinye izihlobo ngombala womzimba. I-torso engenhla inombala omnyama kuthi engezansi ibe mhlophe. Buqamama, umehluko wompheme ongaphezulu uyamangalisa, okwenza kube lula ukukhomba uhlobo lwazo.
UBarnacle goose ngokwesilinganiso inesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu amabili. Inhloko inkudlwana kunaleyo yamahansi brent. Ingxenye engezansi yomphimbo, isifonyo, emuva kwekhanda nebunzi inezimpaphe ezimhlophe.
Inyoni ibhukuda futhi icwile kahle, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ithole ukudla. I-Hardy, ingahamba amabanga amade. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ihansi ligijima kakhulu. Lokhu kungasindisa impilo yakhe, ngoba ngale ndlela ubalekela ingozi.
I-Barnacle goose ihlala ikakhulukazi emazweni aseScandinavia nasezifundeni ezisogwini lwaseGreenland. Zakha izidleke kuphela ezintabeni, ezinamadwala aphakeme kakhulu, imithambeka namawa.
Ihansi elimnyama
Zifana kakhulu namahansi. Banobukhulu obulinganiselwe kuphela. Isilwane singahlukaniswa ngejazi lomzimba elimnyama, elibukeka lingaphakathi emzimbeni. Amakhala nezinyawo nakho kumnyama.
Ihansi elimnyama izizwa izethemba emanzini, kepha ayikwazi ukucwila. Ukuthola ukudla ngaphansi kwamanzi, kujika nomzimba wonke, njengoba kwenza amadada. Njengabafowabo abasebenza ngamahansi, bayagijima bezungeza indawo.
Izinhlobo eziphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa samahansi. Bahlala emazweni asendaweni ye-Arctic Ocean, kanye nasogwini lwazo zonke izilwandle ezisendaweni ye-Arctic. Isidleke samahansi ezindaweni ezingasogwini nasezigodini eziseduze nemifula. Khetha izindawo ezinezimila zotshani.
Ihansi elibomvu
Ukukhula komzimba kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-55, ngokungafani nokuzalwa kwawo, okulingene. Isisindo salo siyikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu kuphela. Iphiko lamaphiko lingaba ngamasentimitha angama-40 ububanzi. Inombala ogqame kakhulu wezimpaphe phakathi kwezihlobo zayo. Umzimba ungaphezulu kwezimpaphe ezimnyama, kanti ingxenye engezansi imhlophe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kombala wewolintshi entanyeni nasezinhlangothini zombili zezihlathi. Uqhwaku oluncane, ukuma okujwayelekile komndeni walo wedada. Ihansi elibomvu ingandiza amabanga amade, idize futhi ibhukude kahle.
Uhlala kakhulu endaweni yaseRussia, ezifundeni zayo ezisenyakatho. Ithanda isidleke eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Uncamela izindawo eziphakeme. Ihansi elibele amabele abomvu liqashwe ngokucophelela. Lesi isilwane esingajwayelekile esacekelwa phansi ngenxa yokuzingelwa okukhulu kwaso. Babezingelwa izimpaphe zayo ezingandile, indlebe nenyama.
Ihansi laseCanada
Enye yezinto ezinkulu phakathi kwezihlobo zabo. Zingaba nesisindo esifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayisikhombisa. Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu, zinamaphiko ahlaba umxhwele afinyelela kumamitha amabili ububanzi. Umzimba uvame ukuba nezimpaphe ezimpunga, ezimweni ezingavamile, amaphethini we-wavy wombala wesihlabathi esimnyama angaba khona.
Umzimba ophezulu ungumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama. Esimweni sezulu esigqamile libalele likhanya ngokushiswa yilanga. Ihansi laseCanada wayethanda amazwe asenyakatho Melika. Kusatshalaliswe e-Alaska naseCanada, kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane eCanada Arctic Archipelago.
Ihansi le-canada elincane
Kuvame ukudideka nehansi laseCanada. Ungahlukanisa ngosayizi nokwehluka okuncane kwezimpaphe. Ubude bomzimba bungamamitha ayi-0.7. Isisindo somzimba singafinyelela kuphela kuma-3 kilogram. Ikhanda, uqhwaku, umphimbo, ingemuva nemilenze kumnyama. Kunezindawo zabamhlophe emaphethelweni omlomo. Emqaleni komphimbo kukhona "ikhola" eyenziwe ngezimpaphe eziphaphathekile.
Ukuze uphile, le nyoni ikhetha izimfunda, amahlathi e-tundra, lapho kunezitshalo eziningi ngesimo sezihlahla nezihlahla. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, ihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini nasezixhaphozini. Indawo yokuhlala iyefana neyehansi laseCanada. Zitholakala ezifundeni ezisempumalanga yeSiberia. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, bafika ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ze-USA naseMexico.
Ihansi laseHawaii
Ubukhulu benyoni abukhulu kakhulu, ubude bomzimba bungamamitha ayi-0.65, isisindo somzimba singama-2 kilograms. Umbala wezimpaphe imvamisa iba mpunga futhi iba nsundu, enemigqa emhlophe futhi emnyama ngapha nangapha. Isifonyo, emuva kwekhanda, ikhala, imilenze nengxenye ephezulu yomphimbo kumnyama. Zondla kuphela uhlaza namajikijolo. Cishe abakutholi ukudla emanzini.
Ihansi laseHawaii alitholakali emvelweni; yakwazi ngokuyisimangaliso ukuphunyuka ekuqothulweni. Le nyoni ihlala eziqhingini zaseHawaii naseMaui kuphela. Izidleke zaseVietnam emithambekeni emikhulu yezintaba-mlilo.
Ingakhuphuka impilo yonke ifike kumamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izinhlobo zodwa zamahansi ezingadingi ukundiza ebusika. Ishintsha indawo yayo yokuhlala, kuphela ngezikhathi zonyaka ezomile, isondela eduze kwemizimba yamanzi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Amahansi abheka indawo yokuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme nasemadlelweni aseduze nemifula. Amahansi ahlala eduze nolwandle nezilwandle akhetha ugu olunendawo engamanzi yomhlaba. Isiza sokwakha isidleke sikhethwa yinkampani endala, minyaka yonke endaweni efanayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi inani lomhlambi lingafinyelela kubantu abayi-120. Kuvamile ikakhulukazi ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu kangaka zenze ngesikhathi se-molting. Ngalesi sikhathi, abakwazi ukundiza, ukuze bazivikele engozini nasezitheni, baphoqeleka ukuba bahlele amaqembu amakhulu. Umhlambi imvamisa awuhlangani namanye amalungu emindeni yamadada kanye nama-subspecies.
Izinyoni kufanele zizakhele indawo ethokomele futhi ephephile ukuze insikazi ikwazi ukuzala izingane ezinhle. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ngesikhathi sehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunezitshalo eziningi ezintsha zokudla namanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza.
Lapho zithola ukudla, izinyoni zikhuluma ngokugigitheka okunomsindo ngezikhathi ezithile. Amakhukhisi afana nokukhonkotha kwenja. Amahansi anezwi elikhulu ngokumangalisayo elizwakala ngisho nasemabangeni amade kakhulu.
Izinyoni ziyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Yize ihansi lihlala emhlabathini, liphinde lichithe isikhathi esiningi endaweni yesingeniso. Amahansi angachitha ubusuku bonke phezu kwamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi bachitha ubusuku emhlabathini endaweni lapho bebondle khona emini. Phakathi nosuku, ngesikhathi sokudla, izinyoni zithanda ukuphumula futhi ziyekele emanzini aseduze.
Ingozi enkulu yamahansi ezilwaneni zasendle ivela izimpungushe zase-Arctic. Zihlasela izidleke futhi zihudula namachwane amancane nazo. Kunezikhathi lapho izimpungushe zase-Arctic zikwazi ukubamba izinyoni ezinkulu. Ihansi liphunyuka kumenzi wobubi hhayi ngokundiza, kodwa ngokubaleka. Amahansi angabagijimi abahle kakhulu, iyawasindisa.
Esinye isephulamthetho samahansi singumzingeli. Kuze kube muva nje, bekuqhubeka ukuzingelwa kwamahansi. Yancipha kuphela ngemuva kokuba isilwane siphakathi kwezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Manje ihansi encwadini ebomvu ithatha esinye sezikhundla ezijabulisa kakhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo ziyivelakancane kangangokuthi kungenzeka zinyamalale ngokuphelele. Amahansi ngokwawo aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile lapho umuntu esondela.
Bangamvumela asondele kubo, abanye mabazithinte. Kepha kaningi kunalokho, bayabaleka ngokushesha noma baqale, ngokuqubuka okungaphandle, bagigitheke kakhulu futhi bamemeze ngokuthusayo.
Zivame ukufuduka ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele isithwathwa sokuqala. Amahansi yizinyoni zomphakathi futhi ahamba kuphela ngamaqembu amakhulu afaka izinyoni zeminyaka yonke.
Ngesikhathi sendiza eya ezindaweni ezifudumele, zinamathela ezindaweni ezingasogwini, zigweme indlela emfushane eqondile. Noma kufanele uhambe ngendiza isikhathi eside, ungawushintshi umzila wakho. Kulula kakhulu ukuthola ukudla eduze kwezilwandle nemifula bese ume ukuphumula, ngoba ihansi - ihansi, futhi uchitha isigamu sempilo yakhe emanzini.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Njengoba inyoni iyinyoni yasemanzini, ukudilika kubamba ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu zamanzi nezinambuzane. Iyacwila, ifake ingxenye yomzimba wayo emanzini, ishiye umsila wayo kuphela ngaphezulu. Isibonelo, amahansi e-brent angatshuza athole ukudla kusuka kumasentimitha angama-50 kuye cishe kuma-80 ukujula. Imvamisa ilanda udaka lapho indiza.
Emhlabeni ngezinkathi zasentwasahlobo-ehlobo, badla izitshalo eziningi: i-clover, utshani obunamacembe kakotini obuncane, i-bluegrass namanye amakhambi akhula ezindaweni eziphansi eduze kwemizimba yamanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-rhizomes namahlumela wamakhambi kuyadliwa. Ngokushoda kotshani obuluhlaza, baqala ukudla imbewu yezitshalo nama-garlic asendle.
Ngokushintshwa okuphoqelelwe kwendawo yokuhlala, ngenkathi indiza iya ezindaweni ezithandekayo, indlela izinyoni ezidla ngayo iyashintsha. Ngesikhathi sendiza, zondla ulwelwe nezinambuzane ezicutshini zodaka.
Uma kunamadlelo atshaliwe eduze, izinyoni zibheka ukudla emasimini ngemuva kokuvuna. Badla izinsalela zezitshalo: i-oats, i-millet, i-rye. Ihansi elibomvu ngesikhathi sasebusika, isidleke eduze nezindawo zezitshalo zasebusika. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezinsalela zokuvuna, uma kutholakala izinkambu ezinezitshalo zasebusika, zondla izitshalo zasebusika.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka eminyakeni emi-3, 4 kusukela ekuzalweni. Mhlophe ihansi uza kuye ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwesibili. Imindeni ihlelwe ezindaweni zokufuduka ebusika. Isiko lomshado liphilile impela, litshiza kakhulu emanzini. Indoda, ukuze idonse ukunakekela kowesifazane, iphakama ukuma okuthile. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ziqala ukukhala kakhulu, zelule intamo yazo, zibhidlise umsila wazo futhi zivule amaphiko azo ngokubanzi.
Imibhangqwana ivame ukuhlala esidlekeni noma emaweni ukuze ivikele izingane zayo nakwezinye izingozi. Ngakho-ke, bazama ukukhetha izindawo okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo nokuvikelwa, eduze kwezinyoni ezidla inyama. Benza lokhu ngenhloso yokuzivikela ngokwengeziwe kwizimpungushe zase-Arctic, ezesaba amafalgine nama-gulls amakhulu.
Izidleke zamahansi zakhiwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthola indawo yokwakha izidleke. Unobubanzi obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20-25, nokujula ngamasentimitha ama-5 kuye kwayi-9. Isidleke samahansi asijwayelekile. Okokuqala, bathola noma benze umgodi emthambekeni. Bese bemboza isingezansi sayo ngohlaza olomile, izingongolo zikakolweni noqweqwe olujiyile lukakhukhukazi, olukhethwe esiswini sakhe.
Imvamisa inyoni ikhiqiza amaqanda ayi-6 ngokwesilinganiso ngesikhathi sokubamba. Inani eliphansi elinganikezwa ihansi lesifazane amaqanda ama-3, inani eliphakeme lingu-9. Amaqanda ehansi le-beige, anezicishe ezingabonakali.
Ezinsukwini ezingama-23-26 ezilandelayo, ufukamela amaqanda. Iduna lihamba eduze ngaso sonke isikhathi, liyivikele. Amachwane aqanduselwa emaqandeni ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwezilwane ezindala. Uma izimpilo zehansi endaweni yemvelo, umjikelezo wempilo ungaba kusuka eminyakeni eyi-19 kuye kwengama-26. Ekuthunjweni, izophila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30-35.
