Kusukela esemncane lapho sibona indlovu esithombeni, imizwa yethu iyavuka. Lesi yisilwane esimangalisayo esingaxakaniseki nganoma yisiphi esinye. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, sibheka lesi silwane njengesidalwa esinomusa, esihlakaniphile nesihlakaniphile. Kepha ngabe kunjalo ngempela, kufanelekile ukuthi uphenye.
Zavela kanjani izindlovu emhlabeni
Emuva ezinsukwini zama-dinosaurs, okungukuthi, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule, okhokho bama-proboscis anamuhla bahamba emhlabeni. Zazibukeka njengezindlovu zesimanje, kunalokho, zazifana nama-tapir futhi, ngokusho kososayensi, ngaphezu kwakho konke zazitholakala endaweni yaseGibhithe yanamuhla. Nokho, kukhona futhi inkolelo yokuthi isilwane ehluke ngokuphelele waba ngukhokho wendlovu, indawo yokuhlala yayo kwakungu-Afrika nase-Eurasia.
Okhokho bezindlovu bahlanganisa iDeinotherium, eyaqothulwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2,5 edlule. Ngaphandle, beziyisilwane esifana nendlovu, sincane kakhulu, sinomboko omfishane. Ngemuva kwalokho kwaqhamuka igomphoteria.
Nazo, zazibukeka njengezindlovu, kuphela zazinezimpondo ezi-4 ezisindayo ezisonta phezulu naphansi. Bacishwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi eyedlule.
AmaMamutid (ama- maston) angomunye “wobabamkhulu” wezindlovu zesimanje. Bavela eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-10 edlule futhi baphela lapho kuvela umuntu - eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-18 eyedlule. Umzimba walezi zilwane wawumbozwe ngoboya obukhulu, amazinyo ayemade, kanjalo nesiqu.
Futhi manje ama-mammoths ehla kuwo (eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.6 edlule). AmaMammoth ayemade kancane kunezindlovu zesimanje ngosayizi, ayenoboya obukhulu obukhulu nezimpondo ezinkulu. Ama-mammoths kuphela anezinhlobo ezifanayo nezindlovu.
Zihlalaphi izindlovu
Manje akusekho uboya ezindlovu, futhi abazidingi, ngoba izindawo zazo zihlala ngesimo sezulu esifudumele, futhi kwesinye isikhathi esishisa kakhulu. Indlovu yase-Afrika izizwa kahle ensimini yamazwe ase-Afrika - iKenya, iZambia, iCongo, iSomalia, iNamibia namanye. Kula mazwe akusikho ukufudumeza kwamabele, kukhona ukushisa okushisayo. Izindlovu ziya e-savannah, lapho kunezitshalo namanzi khona.
Vele, ngokwanda kwamadolobha, izindlovu zisele nezindawo ezimbalwa futhi ezilula, kepha umuntu udala izinqolobane, amapaki esizwe, ikakhulukazi ukuze kungabikho lutho olusongela izimpilo zemidondoshiya. Emapaki afanayo, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokuvikela izilwane kubazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho.
Izindlovu zaseNdiya zihlala eVietnam, Thailand, India, Laos, China, Sri Lanka. Zikhetha izimila zehlathi, ngakho ziya emahlathini. Ngisho nehlathi elingenakudluliswa aliphazamisi lezi zilwane, kunalokho, kulapho nendlovu yasendle ngokuphelele nayo isindile. Yiqiniso, kunzima kakhulu ukutadisha izindlovu ezinjalo.
Incazelo
Eqinisweni, yisilwane esihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi esinokuthula. Ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu, indlovu iyisihlukumezi sayo, futhi idla izitsha zemifino kuphela. Indoda kudala yenza indlovu yaba umsizi wayo. Futhi yaphumelela ngoba isilwane esikhulu kwavela ukuthi sasihlakaniphe kakhulu, saqeqeshwa kalula, futhi umuntu akazange acabange isikhathi eside ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla aso.
Ngaphezu kwamakhono engqondo, imizwa eminingi ithuthukiswa kahle endlovu. Uyakwazi ukucasulwa, ukucasuka, isimo sakhe sengqondo sothando ngenzalo yakhe kudlula imingcele yemvelo evamile, uzotakula abangane bakhe, aveze imizwa emihle.
Ngenxa yengqondo yakho, ukuthula namanye amakhono indlovu isilwane esingcwele kwamanye amazwe, njengeThailand noma iNdiya.
Kukholakala ukuthi yisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuthi indlovu ingaba nesisindo esingafinyelela kumathani ayi-7 nokuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha amane, isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke yi-blue whale. Umkhoma wesidoda ulandela ngosayizi. Kepha emhlabeni indlovu yisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke.
Isisindo
Ngendlela, kufanele ngithi akuzona zonke izindlovu ezinkulu kangaka. Indlovu enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika. Izindlovu zaseNdiya zincane kunezindlovu zase-Afrika, abesifazane bazo bafinyelela isisindo samathani ayi-4.5 kuphela, kuthi abesilisa bakhulu ithani elilodwa. Kepha kunezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zezindlovu ezingabi nesisindo esingaphezu kwethani elilodwa.
Amathambo
Ukuxhasa wonke la matani wesisindo, udinga umgogodla oqinile nonokwethenjelwa. Okungukuthi, amathambo. Amathambo endlovu aqinile futhi makhulu. Kusemathanjeni emathambo lapho isilwane sinenhloko enkulu ebunzini, ehlotshiswe ngamazinyo amakhulu. Kubo unganquma ukuthi indlovu isencane noma indala kangakanani, ngoba uma isilwane sisindala, maningi amazinyo aso.
Ngonyaka, ukukhula kwabo kufinyelela ku-18 cm! Kepha lokhu akuyona eyabo bonke abantu. Endlovu uqobo lwayo e-Asia, amazinyo abekwa emlonyeni futhi ayisijeziso esivamile. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubudala besilwane bungabonakala ngamazinyo - amadala aguga ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kuthi amazinyo amancane akhule ukuwabuyisela.
Inhloko
Uma ungabheki amathambo, kepha ubheka isilo uqobo, into yokuqala edonsa iso lakho yizindlebe ezinkulu. Lezi zindlebe ziphumule kuphela esimweni sezulu esipholile, esizolile, lapho kushisa, izindlovu zizithanda nazo, zidale ukuphola.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlebe ezinjalo ezihambayo nazo ziyindlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwabangane. Uma ubhekene nezitha, ukuvayizisa izindlebe ngentukuthelo kusabisa isitha.
Isiqu
Futhi-ke, isitho esiteleka kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi indlovu yisiqu. Lobu buhle bunamakhilogremu angama-200 wamathambo nemisipha, futhi udebe oluhlanganisiwe nekhala. Umboko uyisikhali esibalulekile sendlovu sokuzivikela, ukusondla, ukuphuza kanye nezinye izidingo.
Isibonelo, kuthinta inhliziyo ukubuka lapho izindlovu ezincane zibambe umsila kanina ngeziqu zazo ukuze zihambisane nomhlambi. Futhi uma ingane ingena esimweni esingemnandi, umama wayo uzomkhipha, futhi, ngosizo lomboko.
Izingane azisisebenzisi ngobuhlakani isipho esinjalo semvelo, ngokwesibonelo, azisisebenzisi ukuphuza okwamanje. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bayaqonda nokuthi yikuphi ukujwayela okuyingqayizivele abanakho emakhanda abo.
Imilenze
Kodwa akuyona ikhanda kuphela nesiqu elihlukile, izindlovu ngokuvamile zenzelwe kahle ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyamangaza ukuthi isilwane esikhulu kangaka singahamba kanjani, empeleni, singenzi imisindo! Lokhu kuhamba kungenzeka ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile somlenze.
Kukhona ungqimba oluningi lwamafutha onyaweni lwendlovu, okwenza isinyathelo sithambe futhi sithule. Futhi-ke, ndlovu, lesi yisilwane esinamabhande amabili amadolo ngedolo elilodwa! Ngisho nomuntu akanikezwa ukunethezeka okunjalo.
Isifuba
Umzimba wendlovu uqinile, uqinile, umbozwe ngesikhumba esishwabene. Ama-bristles akhona esikhunjeni, kepha mancane kakhulu futhi awasinikezi isikhumba umbala. Kepha, ngokuthakazelisayo, izindlovu zingaba mpunga, nsundu, futhi ngisho nokubomvana.
Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zizifafaza ngomhlaba nangothuli ukuze izinambuzane zingabacasuli. Futhi-ke, endaweni lapho indlovu ihlala khona, hlobo luni lomhlabathi olukhona, indlovu inombala ofanayo.
Ngendlela, yingakho izindlovu zingakwazi ukubonwa ngokushesha buqamama ngemuva komhlabathi. Lokhu-ke, akubasindisi ezitheni, ngoba izindlovu azizesabi kakhulu izitha, kepha ziyabavumela ukuthi bangazihluphi izivakashi ezingabuzwa.
Kodwa izindlovu ezinesikhumba esimhlophe (ama-albino) zinzima kakhulu. Babulawa nje ngenxa yombala wabo obalulekile. Noma, Indlovu emhlophe uzijabulela zonke izinzuzo uma eza kulabo bantu abazithandayo, njengesilwane esingcwele. Umzimba uphela ngomsila omncane, ekugcineni kwawo kukhona intshakaza. Ibhulashi alintofontofo, kepha izindlovu zingabamba ngokuzethemba umsila onjalo.
Umehluko phakathi kwezindlovu zaseNdiya nezase-Afrika
Futhi-ke, noma ngabe indlovu isikwe kahle kangakanani, inzuzo yayo enkulu isemandleni ayo engqondo. Lezi zilwane azifunde kalula nje kuphela imisebenzi eminingi okufanele ziyenze ngenkathi zisebenza, zingadweba, zinokuthanda umculo.
Futhi akupheleli lapho, ngoba izindlovu zase-Afrika nezamaNdiya kuphela ezifundwe kakhulu. Ekuboneni kokuqala, lezi yizilwane ezifanayo ncamashi, futhi umuntu ongenalwazi angavamile ukunquma umehluko ocacile, kepha:
- Indlovu yase-Afrika Okuningi. Abantu bobudala obufanayo bayehluka kakhulu ngesisindo, ngoba indlovu yase-Afrika inkulu kuneyaseNdiya, cishe ngamathani amabili, futhi lokhu kuyabonakala kakhulu;
- naphezu kwesisindo sayo esikhulu, umboko wendlovu yase-Afrika mncane kunowaseNdiya;
- kodwa izindlebe zezindlovu zase-Afrika zinkulu;
- izindlovu nazo ziyehluka ngesimo somzimba - phakathi kwabase-Asiya, umzimba ubonakala ufushane, kuthi ingxenye engemuva inyuke kancane ngenhla kwekhanda;
- "intokazi" yase-Afrika ayinayo imiphini, kepha zonke ezinye izindlovu zinamazinyo, kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane;
- Izindlovu zaseNdiya zenziwa lula futhi zishesha kakhulu kunezindlovu zase-Afrika (lezo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuzithambisa), yize zingezase-Afrika izindlovu yizilwane ezihlakaniphile;
- ngisho nempilo yendlovu yaseNdiya neyase-Afrika yehlukile - abantu base-Afrika baphila isikhathi eside. Noma, lezi zinkomba zincike kakhulu ezintweni eziningi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abantu bazamile ukuhlanganisa abantu baseNdiya nabase-Afrika, kepha lokhu akunikanga miphumela. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izindlovu zihlukile ngokwezakhi zofuzo.
Ziphila kanjani izindlovu
Izindlovu ziqoqa imihlambi emikhulu yezihlobo - izindlovu. Noma yimuphi umhlambi wezindlovu uphethwe yindlovu esifazane - endala, enolwazi futhi ehlakaniphile. Uyazi vele ukuthi izimila eziluhlaza zikuphi, lapho amanzi ekhona, ukuthi angathola kanjani uhlaza oluningi kakhulu. Kepha akagcini ngokukhomba indlela eya empilweni "emnandi", kepha futhi nokugcina ukuhleleka.
Njengomthetho, abesifazane nabesilisa abancane kakhulu bahlangana emihlambini enjalo yomndeni. Kepha abesilisa, asebevele baphila baba ngabantu abadala, abafuni ukuhlala emhlambini onjalo bese behamba bayohlala bodwa. Futhi uma kungenjalo kuphela, khona-ke ndawonye nezindlovu ezingamaduna ezifanayo.Ngempela, ziya emihlambini yemindeni, kodwa kuphela lapho zizalanisa.
Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, umhlambi uphila ngemithetho yawo, lapho wonke umuntu efeza imisebenzi yakhe. Isibonelo, izilwane ezincane zikhuliswa ngumhlambi wonke. Ukuvikela abasha kuyindaba yokuhlonishwa komhlambi ngamunye. Uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa, umhlambi wonke uzungeze ingane ngendandatho futhi isitha sinzima. Futhi nokho, izindlovu zivame ukuba izisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye noma zife ngamanxeba eziwatholayo.
Izindlovu zikhetha ukuba seduze kwamanzi, ngoba zidinga ukuphuza okungenani amalitha angama-200 ngosuku. Ngendlela, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo, kepha lapho kuqala isomiso, izindlovu ziqala ukumba imithombo, futhi amanzi akhiqizwayo awasindisi umhlambi wezindlovu kuphela, kodwa nezinye izilwane eziningi.
Isilwane sendlovu enokuthula. Izigebenga azinabo neze abahlaseli. Yebo, kwenzeka ukuthi esinye isilwane sifela izizathu zaso, kepha imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi isilwane esivilaphayo sanyathelwa umhlambi owethukile, asikwazanga ukuvala indlela yaso ngesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu akwenzeki.
Kuyadabukisa kakhulu lapho indlovu endala, ilindele ukufa, ithi ngesineke ivalelise izihlobo zayo, bese ishiya ithuna lendlovu, lapho okhokho bayo nabo abafela khona. Unezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, zokuchitha lapho kuphela. Indlovu uqobo kanye nomndeni wayo bayakwazi lokhu, futhi ukuvalelisa kwabo kuthinta kakhulu futhi kuyathamba.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Izindlovu zihlala isikhathi eside ekuthunjweni kunenkululeko. Futhi bekungeke kube kubi ngokuphelele ukubiza izindawo ezenziwe ngokukhethekile ukuze ziphile ngokunethezeka nangokuphepha kwezilwane "ngenkani". Lawa amapaki, iziqiwi, izindawo ezivikelekile kubazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho, izindawo lapho kudalwa khona izimo ezikahle kakhulu zempilo yemidondoshiya.
Endle, izindlovu azivikelekile ezikhalini zokuzingela, azikwazi ukuzivikela njalo ezifweni, ekulimaleni, emanxebeni, futhi lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izimpilo zazo. Izidlakela aziwesabi izingwe noma amabhubesi, kodwa amanxeba okuhlaselwa kwawo abalimaza kakhulu abaphilayo. Ngempela, noma inxeba elincane emlenzeni noma esiqwini sesilwane esingenakuzivikela lingasongela ngokufa, kuyilapho udokotela wezilwane edinga ukwelapha isilonda ngokufanele.
Isikhathi sokuphila sincike ezintweni eziningi. Isibonelo, ukuthi ungowaluphi uhlobo lomuntu, lapho ahlala khona, okudlayo, nokuthi unakekelwa kanjani. Izindlovu zase-Afrika, ezihlala ema-savanna, zinesikhathi eside kakhulu. Bangazizwa bekhulu lapho beneminyaka engama-80. Kodwa izindlovu ezihlala emahlathini ziphila ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10-15, kuphela iminyaka eyi-65-70.
Ngasikhathi sinye, indlovu yaseNdiya enezimo zokuphila ezivumayo (amapaki kazwelonke) ikhombisa impilo yeminyaka engama-55-60 kuphela, ecishe ibe yiminyaka engama-20 engaphansi kweyase-Afrika. Nokho, endle, izindlovu ezinjalo aziphili kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukuze yondle othandekayo, indlovu kufanele izitholele ukudla kwayo cishe usuku lonke. Futhi udinga ukudla okuningi - kufika ku-400 kg wesisindo esiluhlaza ngosuku olulodwa nje.Indlovu ithumela konke okufanele ukudla nesiqu sayo emlonyeni - amaqabunga, amagatsha, utshani, izithelo zezihlahla nezihlahla. Inhlanhla ikakhulukazi yalezi zindlovu ezihlala ekuthunjweni.
Lapho, izilwane zondliwa ngotshani, okusanhlamvu, izithelo nemifino. I-hay idliwe kuze kufike kuma-20 kg, kanti okunye kufakwa ngeklabishi, izaqathe, ithanga, i-zucchini, ama-apula anikezwa. Ngisho nase "sinkwa samahhala", izindlovu zizulazula ziye emazweni abantu abalimi bendawo bezitika ngemifino.
Kuyadabukisa, kepha imvamisa abantu abasebenza ngezindlovu ekukhonzeni izivakashi noma ama-zoo amancane bavumela ukuthi lezi zilwane zondliwe ngokudla okuyingozi kakhulu kubo, ngokwesibonelo, amaswidi. Lokhu kuyaphikiswa ngokweqile, kepha imboni yezokuvakasha ithatha "noma ikuphi ukuthanda imali yakho."
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Lapho abesilisa beneminyaka eyi-14 (15) ubudala, kuthi abesifazane bafinyelele eminyakeni eyi-12-13 ubudala, ukuthomba kuyaqala. Vele, lokhu akuyona iminyaka eqondile enquma isikhathi sokuya ocansini; izici eziningana nazo zidlala indima lapha. Isibonelo, inala yokudla, ukutholakala kwamanzi, isimo sempilo sesilwane esithile.
Kepha uma kungekho zithiyo, khona-ke insikazi ifinyelela ngokuphepha eminyakeni "yothando" futhi iqala ukukhipha iphunga elithile, abesilisa abamthola ngalo. Njengomthetho, kukhona abesilisa abaningana. Kodwa owesifazane ukhetha okungcono kakhulu. Lokhu kuvezwa ezimpini ebezihlelwe “yizihlobo ezinesibindi”. Ophumelele le duel enjalo uthola uthando lwentombazane.
Izinjabulo zothando zenzeka kude nomhlambi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa, osevele enze konke okufanele ngenxa yakhe, akahambi masinyane "othandekayo" wakhe. Isikhathi esithile bahlala ndawonye, behamba, bedla, bethamela emanzini, bese kuba lapho-ke behlukana khona - indlovu ibuyela emndenini, bese indlovu iyahamba, ingaphinde ihlangane no "Juliet" wayo noma inzalo yakhe futhi.
Owesifazane unesikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakhe - ukukhulelwa. Kuthatha isikhathi eside, cishe iminyaka emibili (izinyanga ezingama-22-24). Ngenxa yamagama anjalo, izindlovu zihlala zisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, ngoba indlovu eyodwa ingabulawa ngomzuzu, futhi kuthatha iminyaka emibili ukukhipha inkonyane.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa isikhathi eside, ingane eyodwa yendlovu izalwa. Ngokuvamile, kuvela izindlovu ezimbili. Ukubeletha, indlovu isuka emhlambini, kepha insikazi eyodwa enolwazi isala nayo. Umama ubuyela emhlambini ephethe ingane yendlovu ekwazi ukuma emilenzeni, akwazi ukuphuza ubisi, futhi abambelele ngokuqinile emsileni kamama ngesiqu sawo esincane.
Indlovu iyisilwane esincelisayo, ngakho-ke insikazi yondla ingane yendlovu ngobisi lwayo. Ingane izohlala emhlambini ize ikhule ngokuphelele. Futhi-ke, uma kungowesilisa, uzoshiya, uzohamba yedwa noma enkampanini yalabo besilisa abanesizungu, kepha indlovu yentombazane iyohlala emhlambini wayo wabazali impilo yayo yonke.
Ubudlelwano bomuntu nezindlovu
Indoda kade yakunquma lokho indlovu isilwane futhi ilusebenzisa njengomsizi. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni edlule indlovu ihamba nabantu, ayikashintshi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Futhi ukufuya akwenzeki ngokuzala izindlovu kubantu abathanjisiwe, kepha ngokubamba izindlovu zasendle - kushibhile.
Indlovu yasendle Akuthathi isikhathi eside ukuthi ufunde, ngakho-ke lokhu kwenziwa ekhaya akudingi mzamo omkhulu. Vele, lapho owesifazane ehlangana nowesilisa, kulindeleke ukuthi akhulelwe, akathathwa ngisho nokuyiswa emsebenzini ngalesi sikhathi. Futhi-ke, njengoba indlovu ingaba ngumsebenzi kuphela lapho ineminyaka engama-20 ubudala, akekho noyedwa olangazelela kakhulu ukondla isilwane esingenamsebenzi isikhathi eside kangaka. Futhi izindlovu, njengomthetho, ziyathengiswa.
